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Covalent Bonding Sharing is caring. Types of Bonds Review Metallic Ionic Covalent Transfer Electrons Delocalized Electrons (sea of e - ) Share Electrons.

Jan 02, 2016

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Page 1: Covalent Bonding Sharing is caring. Types of Bonds Review Metallic Ionic Covalent Transfer Electrons Delocalized Electrons (sea of e - ) Share Electrons.

Covalent Bonding

Sharing is caring

Page 2: Covalent Bonding Sharing is caring. Types of Bonds Review Metallic Ionic Covalent Transfer Electrons Delocalized Electrons (sea of e - ) Share Electrons.

Types of Bonds Review

Metallic

Ionic

Covalent

Transfer

Electrons

Delocalized

Electrons

(sea of e-)

Share

Electrons

Molecule

UnitCell

Page 3: Covalent Bonding Sharing is caring. Types of Bonds Review Metallic Ionic Covalent Transfer Electrons Delocalized Electrons (sea of e - ) Share Electrons.

Electronegativity and bond types• Another way to usually tell whether a bond is

ionic or covalent is with electronegativities

• Electronegativity (Page 194)– the tendency of an atom to gain electrons in a chemical bond.

• If the difference between the electronegativities is large, the bond tends to be ionic. If it is small, it tends to be covalent.

• Compounds can have both, but usually show one type more than the other chemically, usually ionic).

Page 4: Covalent Bonding Sharing is caring. Types of Bonds Review Metallic Ionic Covalent Transfer Electrons Delocalized Electrons (sea of e - ) Share Electrons.

Naming Covalent Compound

Page 5: Covalent Bonding Sharing is caring. Types of Bonds Review Metallic Ionic Covalent Transfer Electrons Delocalized Electrons (sea of e - ) Share Electrons.

Types of Covalent Compounds• Diatomic molecules (twins):

________________________________

________________________________

• NEVER FOUND AS SINGLE

ATOMS if “alone”

• Their names are just the name of the element

H2, N2, O2, F2, Cl2, Br2, I2

There are seven diatomic molecules

Page 6: Covalent Bonding Sharing is caring. Types of Bonds Review Metallic Ionic Covalent Transfer Electrons Delocalized Electrons (sea of e - ) Share Electrons.

Binary Molecular Compounds ___________________________(no metals or

ions) i.e. Does not start with an H.

• Steps to name compoundsa. _________ _________ - use entire nameb. _________ _________ - change ending to –idec. Prefixes used to indicate _________ of atoms of

each p. 832• Only time that no prefix is used is if the first is

a one• Examples:

CCl4 –As2O3 –

Non-metals with no H+

Name firstName second

number

triditetrachloridecarbon

arsenic oxide

Page 7: Covalent Bonding Sharing is caring. Types of Bonds Review Metallic Ionic Covalent Transfer Electrons Delocalized Electrons (sea of e - ) Share Electrons.

The PrefixesMono- monocle Tri- tricycle

Penta- pentagon Octa- octopusTetra- Tetris

Di-Dialogue

Page 8: Covalent Bonding Sharing is caring. Types of Bonds Review Metallic Ionic Covalent Transfer Electrons Delocalized Electrons (sea of e - ) Share Electrons.

Acids

• Always begin with ______

• Two Types: _________ and ___________

H+

oxyacidbinary

Remember: The number of hydrogen atoms in the acid

equals the charge of the anion

Page 9: Covalent Bonding Sharing is caring. Types of Bonds Review Metallic Ionic Covalent Transfer Electrons Delocalized Electrons (sea of e - ) Share Electrons.

Binary Acids

• Binary Acids - ______ but no _______

• Steps to name compoundsa. Use prefix - _________

b. Root of second element plus suffix - _________ followed by the word acid

• Example:

HCl -

H+ O

hydro

-ic

hydrochloric acid

Page 10: Covalent Bonding Sharing is caring. Types of Bonds Review Metallic Ionic Covalent Transfer Electrons Delocalized Electrons (sea of e - ) Share Electrons.

Oxyacids

• – has a ________________, so most have ___

Steps to name compounds• Identify polyatomic ion p. 178

a. Use root of anion, change suffix ending and word acida. Suffix rules: ends in ate change to _________

b. ends in ite change to _________

Example:

HNO3 -

polyatomic ion

-ic

-ous

nitric acid

O

Page 11: Covalent Bonding Sharing is caring. Types of Bonds Review Metallic Ionic Covalent Transfer Electrons Delocalized Electrons (sea of e - ) Share Electrons.

Hydrocarbons• a compound containing carbon and hydrogen

• Named using prefixes that correspond to the number of carbons in the compound.

• 1 – meth

• 2 – eth

• 3 – prop

• 4 – but

• After this it used the “normal” prefixes

Page 12: Covalent Bonding Sharing is caring. Types of Bonds Review Metallic Ionic Covalent Transfer Electrons Delocalized Electrons (sea of e - ) Share Electrons.

Hydrocarbons• Ending refers to the type of functional

group found in the compound.

• The simplest hydrocarbon ends in -ane which means that the hydrocarbon only has single bonds and the number of hydrogen atoms equal

2(Carbon atoms)+2.

Page 13: Covalent Bonding Sharing is caring. Types of Bonds Review Metallic Ionic Covalent Transfer Electrons Delocalized Electrons (sea of e - ) Share Electrons.

Practice

Formula Type of Covalent Bond Name

PCl5

HI

N2

C2H6

H3PO4

HClO2

N2H4Dinitrogen

tetrahydride

Phosphic acid

Nitrogen

Hydroiodic acid

Binary Molecular

Diatomic

Binary Acid

Phosphorous pentachlorideBinary Molecular

Oxyacid

Oxyacid Chlorous acid

Hydrocarbon ethane