Covalent Bonding Sharing is caring
Jan 03, 2016
Covalent Bonding
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Types of Bonds Review
Metallic
Ionic
Covalent
Transfer
Electrons
Delocalized
Electrons
(sea of e-)
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Electrons
Molecule
UnitCell
Electronegativity and bond types• Another way to usually tell whether a bond is
ionic or covalent is with electronegativities
• Electronegativity (Page 194)– the tendency of an atom to gain electrons in a chemical bond.
• If the difference between the electronegativities is large, the bond tends to be ionic. If it is small, it tends to be covalent.
• Compounds can have both, but usually show one type more than the other chemically, usually ionic).
Naming Covalent Compound
Types of Covalent Compounds• Diatomic molecules (twins):
________________________________
________________________________
• NEVER FOUND AS SINGLE
ATOMS if “alone”
• Their names are just the name of the element
H2, N2, O2, F2, Cl2, Br2, I2
There are seven diatomic molecules
Binary Molecular Compounds ___________________________(no metals or
ions) i.e. Does not start with an H.
• Steps to name compoundsa. _________ _________ - use entire nameb. _________ _________ - change ending to –idec. Prefixes used to indicate _________ of atoms of
each p. 832• Only time that no prefix is used is if the first is
a one• Examples:
CCl4 –As2O3 –
Non-metals with no H+
Name firstName second
number
triditetrachloridecarbon
arsenic oxide
The PrefixesMono- monocle Tri- tricycle
Penta- pentagon Octa- octopusTetra- Tetris
Di-Dialogue
Acids
• Always begin with ______
• Two Types: _________ and ___________
H+
oxyacidbinary
Remember: The number of hydrogen atoms in the acid
equals the charge of the anion
Binary Acids
• Binary Acids - ______ but no _______
• Steps to name compoundsa. Use prefix - _________
b. Root of second element plus suffix - _________ followed by the word acid
• Example:
HCl -
H+ O
hydro
-ic
hydrochloric acid
Oxyacids
• – has a ________________, so most have ___
Steps to name compounds• Identify polyatomic ion p. 178
a. Use root of anion, change suffix ending and word acida. Suffix rules: ends in ate change to _________
b. ends in ite change to _________
Example:
HNO3 -
polyatomic ion
-ic
-ous
nitric acid
O
Hydrocarbons• a compound containing carbon and hydrogen
• Named using prefixes that correspond to the number of carbons in the compound.
• 1 – meth
• 2 – eth
• 3 – prop
• 4 – but
• After this it used the “normal” prefixes
Hydrocarbons• Ending refers to the type of functional group
found in the compound. • -ane – alkane - simplest hydrocarbon - only
has single bonded carbons with hydrogens (2(Carbon atoms)+2).
• -ene – alkene - has a double bonded carbon in the formula
• -yne – alkyne - has a triple bonded carbon in the formula
More functional groupsClass Attached Functional
GroupEffect on Name
Alcohol
Changes end to -ol
Aldehyde Changes end to -al
Amine Changes end to -amine (or starts with amino-)
Carboxylic acid Changes end to -oic acid
Ester Divides compound in two parts, side without O is named as functional group, side with O will end with -oate
Ether Divides compound in two parts, name both halves as a functional group and add ether to the end
Ketone Changes end to -one
Practice
Formula Type of Covalent Bond Name
PCl5
HI
N2
C2H6
H3PO4
HClO2
N2H4Dinitrogen
tetrahydride
Phosphic acid
Nitrogen
Hydroiodic acid
Binary Molecular
Diatomic
Binary Acid
Phosphorous pentachlorideBinary Molecular
Oxyacid
Oxyacid Chlorous acid
Hydrocarbon ethane