Page 1
SY 2010 - 2011
COURSE TITLE: Kindergarten Mathematics
PREREQUISITE: N/A
DESCRIPTION: The kindergarten mathematics program uses the Scott Foresman Addison Wesley Investigations
series along with Mathematics Their Way program of instruction. Through a hands-on approach,
kindergarten students are introduced to basic number concepts and operations that include:
counting, matching, sorting, estimating, measuring, time and temperature, and simple addition and
subtraction. They recognize basic shapes, coins, patterns, and fractions.
MAIN TOPICS: Reasoning and solving problems
Communicating mathematically
Making connections between concepts in mathematics and other academic areas
Number and Number Sense
Count to 100 by ones, fives, and tens
Count back from 10
Write numerals
Compare the number of objects in sets
Indicate ordinal positions (first through tenth)
Identify unit fractions from a representation
Computation and Estimation
Add and subtract whole numbers using models
Measurement and Geometry
Recognize coins and determine the value of several coins
Tell time
Identify measurement instruments (i.e., ruler, scale)
Compare measurable attributes (i. e., length, mass) of two objects
Identify and describe plane figures (i. e.,triangle, square)
Describe relative locations of objects (i.e., above, next to)
Probability and Statistics
Gather, display, and answer questions about data
Patterns, Functions, and Algebra
Classify objects by attributes
Identify and extend patterns
Page 2
SY 2010 - 2011
COURSE TITLE: Grade 1 Mathematics
PREREQUISITE: N/A
DESCRIPTION: First graders move from the concrete to the symbolic level of essential mathematics concepts and
operations. Key areas of study include numeration (cardinal and ordinal numbers), addition,
subtraction, measurement using non-standard units, time, money, shapes and fractions. Problem-
solving strategies include using sorting, patterning, graphing, and simulating daily life, such as
solving problems involving play money and telling time.
MAIN TOPICS: Reasoning and solving problems
Communicating mathematically
Making connections between concepts in mathematics and other academic areas
Number and Number Sense
Count (and skip count) to 100 and write the numerals
Identify fractions from a representation
Develop an understanding of place value using models
Identify ordinal positions, first through tenth (2001 SOL)
Computation and Estimation
Recall and use in context (magnitude) basic addition and subtraction facts through sums of 18
Measurement and Geometry
Count money
Tell time (clock and calendar)
Measure length, weight/mass, and volume
Compare weight/mass and volumes
Identify and describe plane figures and match them to models in the environment
Probability and Statistics
Collect, display, and interpret data
Patterns, Functions, and Algebra
Classify objects according to attributes
Identify and extend growing and repeating patterns
Understand equality (= sign)
Page 3
SY 2010 - 2011
COURSE TITLE: Grade 2 Mathematics
PREREQUISITE: N/A
DESCRIPTION: Second graders build upon essential mathematics concepts using a combination of manipulative
and mental processes. Key areas of study include numeration, addition and subtraction as inverse
operations, inequalities ( , ), ordinal numeration, multiplication, measurement, time, money,
estimation, polygons, perimeter, and fractions. Critical thinking skills are further developed
through mental arithmetic, making change, visualization, record keeping, data collection, and
graphing.
MAIN TOPICS: Reasoning and solving problems
Communicating mathematically
Making connections between concepts in mathematics and other academic areas
Number and Number Sense
Understand place value, round, and compare the values of numbers
Identify and write ordinal positions (first through twentieth)
Identify and compare fractions in representations and write the fractions
Count and skip count to at least 100 and recognize even and odd numbers
Computation and Estimation
Recall and use in context basic addition and subtraction facts through sums of 20
Estimate and then find sums and differences of whole numbers (sums of 100 or less)
Use related addition and subtraction facts to construct understanding of inverse operations in
context
Measurement and Geometry
Count money and use symbols associated with money
Measure length, weight/mass, and volume in U.S. Customary and metric units
Tell time (clock and calendar)
Read temperature from a thermometer
Identify symmetric figures and lines of symmetry
Identify, describe, compare and contrast plane and solid figures
Estimate then find perimeter and area (2001 SOL)
Probability and Statistics
Collect, display, and analyze data
Patterns, Functions, and Algebra
Identify and extend repeating and growing patterns
Solve equations derived from basic addition and subtraction facts
Understand = and ≠
Page 4
SY 2010 - 2011
COURSE TITLE: Grade 3 Mathematics
PREREQUISITE: N/A
DESCRIPTION: Third graders enhance their mathematics foundation and move toward more consistent use of
mental computation using supplements such as Math 24. Key areas of study include place value,
rounding, developing fluency with multiplication and division facts, area, time, money, solid
shapes, lines, angles, congruence, and addition and subtraction of fractions and decimals using
manipulatives. Experimentation, simulation, modeling, extending patterns, and logical deduction
processes expand problem solving capabilities. Students relate mathematics to other areas of
curriculum and identify real life applications of mathematics concepts, such as making change,
telling time, and reading thermometers.
MAIN TOPICS: Reasoning and solving problems
Communicating mathematically
Making connections between concepts in mathematics and other academic areas
Number and Number Sense
Understand place value and use the concepts to round numbers
Compare numbers (whole and fractions) and use comparison symbols (<, >, =) appropriately
Use models/manipulatives/representations to name and write fractions
Compare values of fractions using models (2001 SOL)
Read and write decimals using models (2001 SOL)
Computation and Estimation
Recall and use in context basic multiplication and division facts through factors of 12
Use models/manipulatives to represent multiplication and division
Estimate and then find sums and differences of whole numbers
Develop understanding of adding and subtracting fractions by using models and manipulatives
Develop understanding of adding and subtracting decimals by using models and manipulatives
(2001 SOL)
Measurement and Geometry
Count money and make change
Develop understanding of area and perimeter using models and manipulatives
Measure length, liquid volume, weight/mass, area, and perimeter in U.S. Customary and metric
units
Tell time (clock and elapsed) and determine equivalences between periods of time
Read temperature from a thermometer
Identify, describe, compare and contrast plane and solid figures
Identify and draw representations of points, lines, line segments, angles, and rays
Identify congruent figures and compare and contrast congruence and non-congruence
Probability and Statistics
Investigate questions by designing experiments, collecting and organizing data, analyzing data,
and representing data in appropriate displays
Develop understanding of probability as chance
Patterns, Functions, and Algebra
Identify and extend a wide variety of patterns
Investigate properties of real numbers
Understand = (2001 SOL)
Page 5
SY 2010 - 2011
COURSE TITLE: Grade 4 Mathematics
PREREQUISITE: N/A
DESCRIPTION: Students learn comparison and place value of numbers through millions, rounding to hundred
thousands, comparison of fractions, identification of equivalent fractions, rounding decimals,
division, addition of fractions, estimation and measurement of weight/masses, lengths, and
volumes, measurement of perimeter, identification of rays, points, and segments, parallel and
perpendicular lines, and the use of rules (or functions) in solving problems. Supplements to the 4th
grade program include Math 24 and Fraction Bars Kit.
MAIN TOPICS: Reasoning and solving problems
Communicating mathematically
Making connections between concepts in mathematics and other academic areas
Number and Number Sense
Understand place value and use the concepts to round numbers
Compare rational numbers and use comparison symbols (<, >, =) appropriately
Model equivalent fractions and decimals
Computation and Estimation
Add, subtract, multiply, and divide whole numbers
Add and subtract fractions and decimals
Develop understanding of multiples and factors
Measurement and Geometry
Estimate and measure weight/mass, length and liquid volume in U.S. Customary and metric units
Use U.S. Customary and metric equivalents between units
Identify and describe representations of plane figures and intersection, parallelism, and
perpendicularity
Investigate geometric transformations and congruence of transformed figures
Identify and name polygons
Determine elapsed time
Investigate and find perimeter and area (2001 SOL)
Compare and contrast plane and solid figures (2001 SOL)
Identify the ordered pair for points on a coordinate plane (2001 SOL)
Probability and Statistics
Represent probability as a number p, 0 ≤ p ≤ 1and predict the likelihood of an event
Collect, organize, display, and interpret data
Patterns, Functions, and Algebra
Identify and extend complex numerical and geometric patterns
Investigate properties of real numbers
Demonstrate the concept of equality in an equation
Page 6
SY 2010 - 2011
COURSE TITLE: Grade 5 Mathematics
PREREQUISITE: N/A
DESCRIPTION: Students learn place value of decimals through ten-thousandths, division with two-digit divisors,
measures of center, checking results with calculators, dividing decimal numbers, operations with
mixed fractions, finding areas of various geometric shapes, identifying radius, chord, and
circumference, and how to select appropriate measuring tools. Students distinguish area from
perimeter, classify angles, learn to solve simple equations (using Hands On Equations), determine
elapsed time, locate points in a coordinate plane, and make tree diagrams for events with multiple
outcomes.
MAIN TOPICS: Reasoning and solving problems
Communicating mathematically
Making connections between concepts in mathematics and other academic areas
Number and Number Sense
Understand place value and use the concepts to round numbers
Recognize benchmark fractions and decimals
Compare rational numbers and use comparison symbols (<, >, =) appropriately
Investigate prime and composite numbers, and even and odd numbers
Computation and Estimation
Add, subtract, multiply, and divide rational numbers expressed in decimal notation and use the
operations to solve problems
Add and subtract rational numbers expressed in fraction notation
Investigate the order of operations and use it to evaluate expressions
Measurement and Geometry
Measure perimeter, area, and volume (and length, weight/mass, and temperature) (2001 SOL)
Identify equivalent measures in the metric system
Determine elapsed time
Measure and classify angles and classify triangles
Identify measurable attributes of circles
Analyze properties of plane and solid figures (2001 SOL)
Investigate symmetry (2001 SOL)
Recognize figures resulting from geometric transformations (2001 SOL)
Investigate congruence and similarity (2001 SOL)
Probability and Statistics
Construct sample spaces to determine probabilities
Compare and contrast measures of center
Collect, organize, and interpret data
Represent probability as a number p, 0 ≤ p ≤ 1and predict the likelihood of an event (2001 SOL)
Patterns, Functions, and Algebra
Describe and analyze numeric and geometric patterns (2001 SOL)
Investigate the idea of variable and equations
Investigate properties of real numbers
Page 7
SY 2010 - 2011
COURSE TITLE: Grade 6 Mathematics
PREREQUISITE: N/A
DESCRIPTION: Grade 6 Mathematics students are transitioning from whole number arithmetic in the elementary
grades to foundations of algebra. Emphasis is on rational numbers. Students will use ratios to
compare data sets; recognize representations of rational numbers (fractions, decimals, and
percents) as rations, solve problems using rational numbers, and gain a foundation in the
understanding of integers. Students will solve equations, inequalities, and use the vocabulary of
algebra.
MAIN TOPICS: Reasoning and solving problems
Communicating mathematically
Making connections between concepts in mathematics and other academic areas
Number and Number Sense
Identify, compare, order, and demonstrate equivalent relationships between integers, fractions,
decimals, and percents
Investigate concepts of exponents and perfect squares
Represent, order, and compare integers and describe the absolute value of integers
Find common multiples and factors, including LCM and GCF (2001 SOL)
Identify and describe prime and composite numbers and even and odd integers (2001 SOL)
Computation and Estimation
Identify, compare and perform the four basic operations and solve problems relating to rational
numbers (fractions, decimals, and percents)
Evaluate expressions using order of operations
Measurement
Solve problems relating to perimeter and area of polygons and circumference and area of circles
Determine area, volume, surface area, and perimeter of various geometric figures
Make ball park comparisons between measurements in U. S. Customary and metric systems
Select the appropriate metric or standard measurement tools and measure length, weight/mass,
and volume (2001 SOL)
Measure and draw right, acute, and obtuse angles (2001 SOL)
Geometry
Identify, classify, and describe characteristics of plane figures (2001 SOL) (quadrilaterals 2009
SOL)
In the coordinate plane, identify coordinates of a point and graph ordered pairs
Construct the perpendicular bisector of a line segment (2001 SOL)
Probability and Statistics
Create, read, and interpret graphs, charts, and tables
Investigate dependent and independent events and determine probabilities
Describe mean as balance point
Describe the mean, median, mode, and range for a set of data (2001 SOL)
Determine the probability of an event from a sample space (2001 SOL)
Patterns, Functions, and Algebra
Investigate, describe and extend numerical and geometric patterns
Solve equations and graph inequalities
Investigate properties of real numbers
Page 8
SY 2010 - 2011
COURSE TITLE: Grade 7 Mathematics
PREREQUISITE: N/A
DESCRIPTION: Grade 7 Mathematics students continue to emphasize the foundations of algebra. Students will
study proportional reasoning, integer computation, solving equations and recognizing multiple
representations for relationships among and between sets of data. Students will apply the
properties of the real numbers to solve equations and inequalities, and use data analysis techniques
to make inferences, conjectures, and predictions.
MAIN TOPICS: Reasoning and solving problems
Communicating mathematically
Making connections between concepts in mathematics and other academic areas
Number and Number Sense
Compare, order, and determine equivalent relationships between rational numbers
including those written in scientific notation (positive and negative exponents)
Determine the square roots and absolute value of rational numbers
Represent arithmetic and geometric sequences
Simplify expressions that contain rational numbers and positive exponents (2001 SOL)
Computation and Estimation
Use models to formulate rules for the basic operations with integers
Use proportions to solve problems
Solve practical and consumer application problems using rational numbers, integers, percents,
and involving tips, discounts, sales tax, and simple interest (2001 SOL)
Measurement
Find the area of polygons and volume and surface area of rectangular prisms and
cylinders in real-life applications
Determine if figures are similar and write proportions to express relationships between side
lengths
Geometry
Compare and contrast quadrilaterals
Represent transformations (translation, reflection. rotation, dilation) of a polygon in a coordinate
plane
Graph ordered pairs in the coordinate plane (2001 SOL)
Probability and Statistics
Investigate and describe experimental and theoretical probability
Describe the number of possible arrangements of several objects (Fundamental Counting
Principle)
Collect, analyze, display, and interpret data in graphs
Create and solve problems using mean, median, mode, and range of a set of data (2001 SOL)
Patterns, Functions, and Algebra
Identify and apply the properties of operations with real numbers
Solve linear equations and inequalities
Represent relationships with tables, graphs, and symbols
Translate verbal expressions into symbols
Page 9
SY 2010 - 2011
COURSE TITLE: Grade 8 Mathematics
PREREQUISITE: N/A
DESCRIPTION: The grade 8 mathematics students will address content that extends concepts and skills learned in
previous grades, as well as new content that prepares students for more abstract concepts in
algebra and geometry. Students will gain proficiency in computation with rational numbers and
will use proportions to solve a variety of problems. New concepts include solving multistep
equations and inequalities, graphing linear equations, visualizing three-dimensional shapes
represented in two-dimensional drawings, and applying transformations to geometric shapes in the
coordinate plane. Students will verify and apply the Pythagorean Theorem and represent relations
and functions, using tables, graphs, and rules.
MAIN TOPICS: Reasons and solves problems
Communicates mathematically
Makes connections between concepts in mathematics and other academic areas
Number and Number Sense
Simplify expressions involving positive exponents and evaluate algebraic expressions for given
replacement values of the variables
Compare and order decimals, fractions, percents, and numbers written in scientific
notation
Describe the relationships between the subsets of the real numbers
Computation and Estimation
Investigate square numbers and square roots
Investigate open-ended and practical problems involving rational numbers, including calculating
tax rate, discounts, and sale prices
Measurement
Investigate and describe the relationships among vertical, supplementary, complementary, and
adjacent angles
Measure angles
Investigate volume and surface area of prisms, cylinders, cones, and pyramids
Geometry
Verify and apply the Pythagorean Theorem
Solve open-ended and practical area and perimeter problems
Investigate transformations (translations, reflections, dilations, and rotations) of plane figures
Probability and Statistics
Determine the probability of dependent and independent events
Gather, organize, analyze, and interpret statistical data using simulations and appropriate
technology
Use matrices to organize and interpret data (2001 SOL)
Patterns, Functions, and Algebra
Represent relations using tables, graphs, and algebraic symbols
Solve equations and inequalities and graph the solutions
Use the properties of operations and the real numbers to justify steps in solving equations and
inequalities
Use proportional reasoning to solve problems
Page 10
SY 2010 - 2011
COURSE TITLE: Math 7 Honors
PREREQUISITE: N/A
DESCRIPTION: Mathematics 7 Honors students are transitioning from whole number arithmetic in the elementary
grades to foundations of algebra. Emphasis is on rational numbers and generalizing patterns of all
types, using multiple representations. Students will use ratios to compare data sets; and recognize
representations of rational numbers (fractions, decimals, and percents) as rations, solve problems
using rational numbers. Students will solve equations, inequalities, and use the vocabulary of
algebra. Students will study proportional reasoning, integer computation, and recognizing
multiple representations for relationships among and between sets of data. Students will apply the
properties of the real numbers to solve equations and inequalities, and use data analysis techniques
to make inferences, conjectures, and predictions.
MAIN TOPICS: Reasons and solves problems
Communicates mathematically
Makes connections between concepts in mathematics and other academic areas
Number and Number Sense
Investigate concepts of exponents
Compare, order, compare, and determine equivalent relationships between rational numbers
(fractions, decimals, percents, and integers) including those written in scientific notation (positive
and negative exponents)
Investigate perfect squares, square roots, and absolute value
Represent arithmetic and geometric sequences symbolically
Find common multiples and factors, including LCM and GCF (2001 SOL)
Identify and describe prime and composite numbers and even and odd integers (2001 SOL)
Simplify expressions that contain rational numbers and positive exponents (2001 SOL)
Computation and Estimation
Use models to formulate rules for the basic operations with integers
Identify, compare and perform the four basic operations and solve problems relating to rational
numbers (fractions, decimals, percents, and integers)
Evaluate expressions using order of operations
Use proportions to solve problems
Solve practical and consumer application problems using rational numbers, integers, percents,
and involving tips, discounts, sales tax, and simple interest (2001 SOL)
Measurement
Solve problems relating to perimeter and area of polygons and circumference and area of circles
Determine volume and surface area of rectangular prisms, cylinders, pyramids, and cones
Make ball park comparisons between measurements in U. S. Customary and metric systems
Determine if figures are similar and express relationships between side lengths as proportions
Select the appropriate metric or standard measurement tools and measure length, weight/mass,
and volume (2001 SOL)
Measure and draw angles (2001 SOL)
Geometry
Identify, classify, and describe characteristics of plane figures (2001 SOL) (Compare and contrast
quadrilaterals 2009 SOL)
Represent transformations (translation, reflection. rotation, dilation) of a polygon in a coordinate
plane
Graph ordered pairs in the coordinate plane (2001 SOL)
Construct the perpendicular bisector of a line segment (2001 SOL)
Page 11
SY 2010 - 2011
Probability and Statistics
Describe mean as balance point
Compare and contrast dependent and independent events and determine probabilities
Compare and contrast experimental and theoretical probability
Describe the number of possible arrangements of several objects (Fundamental Counting
Principle)
Collect, analyze, display, and interpret data in graphs
Create and solve problems using mean, median, mode, and range of a set of data (2001 SOL)
Describe the mean, median, mode, and range for a set of data (2001 SOL)
Determine the probability of an event from a sample space (2001 SOL)
Patterns, Functions, and Algebra
Investigate, describe and extend numerical and geometric patterns
Represent relationships with tables, graphs, and symbols
Translate verbal expressions into symbols
Investigate properties of real numbers
Solve equations and inequalities and graph the solutions
Identify and apply the properties of operations and real numbers to justify solving equations and
inequalities
CREDIT INFO: N/A
Page 12
SY 2010 - 2011
COURSE TITLE: Algebra I
PREREQUISITE: Math 7 Honors, Grade 7 Mathematics, or Grade 8 Mathematics
DESCRIPTION: In Algebra I, students continue to develop algebraic thinking and proportional reasoning skills
necessary to solve problems. Concepts and skills will be developed sequentially by using concrete
materials to assist students in making the transition from the arithmetic to the symbolic
representations. Students use algebra as a tool for representing and solving a variety of practical
problems. Tables and graphs, will be used to interpret algebraic expressions, equations, and
inequalities, and to analyze behaviors of functions. Throughout the course, students will be
encouraged to engage in discourse about mathematics, use the language and symbols of
mathematics in representations and communication, discuss problems and problem solving, and
develop confidence in themselves as mathematics students.
MAIN TOPICS Reasons and solves problems
Communicates mathematically
Makes connections between concepts in mathematics and other academic areas
Expressions and Operations Represent verbal quantitative situations algebraically and evaluate expressions
Perform operations on polynomials including applying laws of exponents and factoring
Simplify radical expressions
Equations and Inequalities
Solve equations (linear and quadratic) and inequalities in two variables using a variety of
strategies and graph solutions
Justify steps in the solutions of equations and inequalities
Solve systems of equations and systems of inequalities
Functions
Investigate and analyze function families and their characteristics both algebraically and
graphically
Make connections among multiple representations of functions
Investigate direct and inverse variation
Statistics
Interpret variation in real-world contexts
Compare and contrast multiple univariate data sets
Use mathematical models to solve real-world problems
Use matrices to organize and manipulate data (2001 SOL)
Incorporate the use of technology when appropriate.
CREDIT INFO: This course may provide a standard unit of credit for a Standard, Standard Technical, Advanced
Technical, or Advanced Studies Diploma.
Page 13
SY 2010 - 2011
COURSE TITLE: Algebra Foundations
PREREQUISITE: None
DESCRIPTION: Algebra Foundations students have increased opportunities to build foundational mathematics
skills required for success in Algebra I. Practical applications of mathematics are emphasized
throughout the course. Topics studied include simplifying and evaluating algebraic expressions;
solving equations and inequalities; using ratios and proportions to solve problems; reading,
interpreting, and constructing a variety of graphs. When appropriate, calculators, computers, and
manipulatives will be used. Students will learn to communicate their mathematical thinking
coherently and clearly and use the language of mathematics to express mathematical ideas
precisely.
MAIN TOPICS: Reasons and solves problems
Communicates mathematically
Makes connections between concepts in mathematics and other academic areas
Perform the four basic operations with whole numbers, integers, fractions, and decimals
Simplify expressions involving positive exponents and evaluate algebraic expressions for given
replacement values of the variables. Recognize and represent numbers expressed in scientific
notation. Compare and order decimals, fractions, percents, and numbers written in scientific
notation
Generalize arithmetic concepts to algebra
Translate and/or solve algebraic expressions, equations, and inequalities into mathematical
expressions
Apply the relationship between decimals, fractions, and percentages to determine which
representation is appropriate
Use ratios, proportions, and percents to solve problems
Use measuring tools and formulas to analyze real-world objects
Read, interpret, and construct a variety of graphs
Solve simple and multi-step equations
Solve and graph linear equations and inequalities
Incorporate the use of technology when appropriate
CREDIT INFO: This course does not provide a standard credit in mathematics toward a standard or advanced studies
diploma. Algebra Foundations must be taken with Algebra I as a daily (double-blocked) course. Upon successful completion
of the course, students will take the SOL test in Algebra I, receive a mathematics credit for Algebra I and an elective credit
for Algebra Foundations.
.
Page 14
SY 2010 - 2011
COURSE TITLE: Algebra I, Parts 1 and 2**
PREREQUISITE: Grade 8 Mathematics
DESCRIPTION: Algebra I, Parts 1 and 2 are academic courses designed for students who need extended time to
complete Algebra I. The series of two courses covers the same content as Algebra I by presenting
the basic concepts of Algebra I in the first year, and then expanding the concepts in the second
year.
MAIN TOPICS: Reasons and solves problems
Communicates mathematically
Makes connections between concepts in mathematics and other academic areas
Expressions and Operations Represent verbal quantitative situations algebraically and evaluate expressions
Perform operations on polynomials including applying laws of exponents and factoring
Simplify radical expressions
Equations and Inequalities
Solve equations (linear and quadratic) and inequalities in two variables using a variety of
strategies and graph solutions
Justify steps in the solutions of equations and inequalities
Solve systems of equations and systems of inequalities
Functions
Investigate and analyze function families and their characteristics both algebraically and
graphically
Make connections among multiple representations of functions
Investigate direct and inverse variation
Statistics
Interpret variation in real-world contexts
Compare and contrast multiple univariate data sets
Use mathematical models to solve real-world problems
Use matrices to organize and manipulate data (2001 SOL)
Incorporate the use of technology when appropriate.
CREDIT INFO: **For students who are in the ninth grade before the 2010-2011 school year, these courses may
provide 2 standard credits in mathematics toward a high school diploma if both courses are
completed satisfactorily. For students who are entering the ninth grade for the first time in the
2010-2011 school year, Algebra I Part 1 may not be used as a standard unit of credit for high
school graduation.
Page 15
SY 2010 - 2011
COURSE TITLE: Geometry
PREREQUISITE: Algebra I or Algebra I, Parts 1 & 2
DESCRIPTION: Geometry is the study of the inter-relationships and properties of points, lines, planes, and space
figures. Emphasis is placed on systematic and logical reasoning. This course includes the
deductive axiomatic method of proof to justify theorems and to determine whether conclusions are
valid. The method of justification includes proofs, flow charts, and verbal arguments. Inductive
and intuitive approaches are used. Calculators, computers, and graphing utilities will be used
where feasible.
MAIN TOPICS: Reasons and solves problems
Communicates mathematically
Makes connections between concepts in mathematics and other academic areas
Reasoning, Lines, and Transformations
Construct and judge the validity of a logical argument
Perform basic Euclidean constructions using various tools. Classify and study polygons and their
properties
Determine whether two lines are parallel and use the relationships between pairs of angles formed
by two parallel lines and a transversal to solve problems
Use coordinate methods to determine transformations, slope, distance, and midpoint
Triangles
Apply the properties of right triangles and trigonometry
Prove triangles congruent and similar
Develop and apply the Pythagorean Theorem
Use the triangle inequality to order sides by length angles by measure, and determine if a triangle
exists.
Polygons and Circles
Recognize properties of circles and demonstrate their applications
Write the equation of a circle
Verify properties of quadrilaterals and use the properties to solve problems
Three-Dimensional figures
Calculate the surface area and volume of solid figures.
Investigate how a change in one dimension of an object affects area and/or volume
Compare ratios between side lengths, perimeters, areas, and volumes of tow- or three-dimensional
objects
The student will make a model of a three-dimensional figure from a two-dimensional drawing and
make a two-dimensional representation of a three-dimensional object (2001 SOL)
Incorporate the use of technology when appropriate.
CREDIT INFO: This course may provide a standard unit of credit for a Standard, Standard Technical, Advanced
Technical, or Advanced Studies Diploma.
Page 16
SY 2010 - 2011
COURSE TITLE: Functions, Algebra, and Data Analysis
PREREQUISITE: Algebra I or Algebra I, Parts 1 & 2
DESCRIPTION: Functions, Algebra and Data Analysis students study functions and their behaviors, systems of
inequalities, probability, experimental design and implementation, and analysis of data within the
context of mathematical modeling. Data will be generated by applications arising from science,
business, and finance. Students will strengthen conceptual understandings of mathematics and
further develop connections between algebra and statistics.
MAIN TOPICS: Algebra and Functions
Investigate and analyze function families and their characteristics
Use knowledge of transformations to write an equation, given the graph of the functions
Collect data and generate the equation of a curve of best fit
Analyze multiple representations of functions
Determine optimal values in authentic situations using linear programming techniques
Data Analysis
Calculate probabilities for conditional events, and dependent and independent events
Analyze the normal distribution and use its characteristics to determine probabilities of authentic
events
Design and conduct experiemnts
Incorporate the use of technology when appropriate.
CREDIT INFO: This course may provide a standard unit of credit for a Standard, Standard Technical, Advanced
Technical, or Advanced Studies Diploma.
Page 17
SY 2010 - 2011
COURSE TITLE: Algebra II
PREREQUISITE: Algebra I and Geometry
DESCRIPTION: Algebra II students extend the concepts of Algebra I. A thorough study of advanced algebraic
concepts is provided through the exploration of functions, polynomials, rational expressions,
sequences and series, complex numbers, and matrices. Students will create graphs using
translation, reflection, dilation, and rotation.
MAIN TOPICS: Reasons and solves problems
Communicates mathematically
Makes connections between concepts in mathematics and other academic areas
Expressions and Operations
Equations and Inequalities
Functions
Statistics
Identify field properties, axioms of equality and inequality, and properties of order for the sets of
real and complex numbers and matrices.
Perform operations with rational expressions. Perform operations with expressions containing
rational exponents. Write radical expressions as expressions containing rational exponents.
Factor polynomials completely.
Solve quadratic equations over the set of complex numbers. Solve equations containing rational
expressions and equations containing radical expressions.
Recognize and convert between multiple representations of functions. Find the domain, range,
zeros, and inverse of a function; the value of a function for a given element; and the composition
of multiple functions. Investigate and describe the relationship between solutions, zeros, x-
intercepts, and factors.
Multiply matrices and use systems of linear equations and inequalities to solve practical problems.
Solve non-linear systems of equations algebraically and graphically.
Recognize and explore the general shape of polynomial, exponential, and logarithmic functions.
Investigate and apply the properties of arithmetic and geometric sequences and series.
Perform operations on complex numbers and simplify the results.
Identify and sketch graphs of conic sections.
Identify, create, and solve problems involving inverse and direct variation.
CREDIT INFO: This course may provide a standard unit of credit for a Standard, Standard Technical, Advanced
Technical, or Advanced Studies Diploma.
Page 18
SY 2010 - 2011
COURSE TITLE: Algebra II and Trigonometry
PREREQUISITE: Algebra I and Geometry
DESCRIPTION: Algebra II & Trig. students extend the concepts of Algebra I. This is a faster paced course, which
does a thorough study of advanced algebraic concepts and starts the study of trigonometry. It
provides thorough exploration of functions, polynomials, rational expressions, sequences and
series, complex numbers, matrices, and the introduction to trigonometry. Students will create
graphs using translation, reflection, dilation, and rotation.
MAIN TOPICS: Reasons and solves problems
Communicates mathematically
Makes connections between concepts in mathematics and other academic areas
Incorporate the use of technology when appropriate.
Identify field properties, axioms of equality and inequality, and properties of order for the sets of
real and complex numbers and matrices.
Perform operations with rational expressions. Perform operations with expressions containing
rational exponents. Write radical expressions as expressions containing rational exponents.
Factor polynomials completely.
Solve quadratic equations over the set of complex numbers. Solve equations containing rational
expressions and equations containing radical expressions.
Recognize and convert between multiple representations of functions. Find the domain, range,
zeros, and inverse of a function; the value of a function for a given element; and the composition
of multiple functions. Investigate and describe the relationship between solutions, zeros, x-
intercepts, and factors.
Multiply matrices and use systems of linear equations and inequalities to solve practical problems.
Solve non-linear systems of equations algebraically and graphically.
Recognize and explore the general shape of polynomial, exponential, and logarithmic functions.
Identify and sketch graphs of conic sections.
Investigate and apply the properties of arithmetic and geometric sequences and series.
Perform operations on complex numbers and simplify the results.
Identify, create, and solve problems involving inverse and direct variation.
Define and compare definitions of the six trigonometric functions using right triangle
trigonometry and circular trigonometry. Identify and graph trigonometric functions. Apply
trigonometric identities to solve problems.
CREDIT INFO: This course may provide a standard unit of credit for a Standard, Standard Technical, Advanced
Technical, or Advanced Studies Diploma.
Page 19
SY 2010 - 2011
COURSE TITLE: Personal Living and Finance
PREREQUISITE: One year of High School Mathematics
DESCRIPTION: Personal Living and Finance is a calculator-based course that applies computational skills in
solving everyday problems that a student will encounter as a consumer. Areas of the consumer
world considered are job search, income, transportation, food, clothing, housing, budgeting,
taxation, consumer credit, banking, insurance, and investments. Skills in gathering and
interpreting data are also emphasized.
MAIN TOPICS: Reasons and solves problems
Communicates mathematically
Makes connections between concepts in mathematics and other academic areas
Incorporate the use of technology when appropriate.
Apply banking and credit procedures to personal finances.
Understand the concepts of income and employment.
Complete federal and state income tax forms.
Create a personal budget.
Understand options for purchasing and operating motor vehicles.
Investigate the options for housing, including furnishings and maintenance.
Explore investment options.
Examine insurance alternatives.
Understand the finances involved in traveling and merchandising.
Manage debt, including retail and credit card debt. Complete a loan application and compute
simple and compound interest rates.
Identify consumer rights and responsibilities. Communicate with salespersons and merchants,
analyze simple contracts, and contest an incorrect bill.
CREDIT INFO: This course may provide a standard unit of credit for a Modified Standard Diploma.
Page 20
SY 2010 - 2011
COURSE TITLE: Computer Mathematics
PREREQUISITE: Algebra II (or may be taken at the same time as Algebra II)
DESCRIPTION: This course is an elective beyond the Algebra II level and is designed to introduce the student to
the use of interpreted and compiled programming languages. In Computer Mathematics students
are introduced to the JAVA programming language and the concept of Object Oriented
Programming. This course is designed to be a compliment to previous mathematics subjects.
The students will learn to use graphics interfaces, write Web browser applets and create their own
games using the principles of OOP (Object Oriented Programming) using user defined objects,
encapsulation of data, libraries and shared objects.
MAIN TOPICS: Reasons and solves problems
Communicates mathematically
Makes connections between concepts in mathematics and other academic areas
Apply a program development cycle to practical problems in consumer mathematics, algebra and
geometry. This will include defining the problem, planning a solution, carrying out the plan,
debugging the program, and providing program documentation.
Identify the major hardware and software components of a computer system, their relationship to
one another and the roles of each within the system.
Recognize the ethical and social implications of computer use and examine the scope of JAVA, its
initial development to its relationship to the Internet.
Use a compiled programming language to demonstrate programming techniques.
Demonstrate the use of classes, constructors and methods and as integral parts of OOP
programming and make extensive use of graphical user interfaces – windows, buttons, scrollbars
etc.
Use the graphics system commands supplied in the Java JDK and accessed from within the
programs to a generate Graphical User Interface (gui) that include images, buttons, textfields and
labels.
Recognize the difference between assignment statements, branching statements and iterative
statements and know how and when they are used.
Combine sequence, selection, repletion and graphics classes together to solve a substantial
problem.
Learn and utilize several interfaces in communicating with the computer program. Learn to
translate the raw input data into usable native types and display the output data in a clear and
appropriate manor.
Learn to write and call methods that create and return objects.
Use data structures such as arrays and strings to tract and sort complex applications.
Develop a major program that incorporates all aspects of the programming process to solve a
problem in algebra, geometry, consumer mathematics or physical science.
CREDIT INFO: This course provides one of the elective credits required for a Standard or Advanced Studies
Diploma.
Page 21
SY 2010 - 2011
COURSE TITLE: Advanced Placement Computer Science
PREREQUISITE: Computer Mathematics
DESCRIPTION: This course follows the course outline for Advanced Placement Computer Science, is an elective
beyond the Algebra II level and is designed to introduce the student to the use of interpreted and
compiled programming languages. In AP Computer Science, students use the Java programming
language concentrating on the AP Java subset. Students will focus the Marine Biology Case
Study.
MAIN TOPICS: Reasons and solves problems
Communicates mathematically
Makes connections between concepts in mathematics and other academic areas
Apply a program development cycle that includes defining the problem, planning a solution,
carrying out the plan, debugging the program, and providing program documentation to practical
problems.
Understand the Java programming environment and its features.
Use Object Modeling to design Object Oriented solutions to real problems.
Write, compile and execute Java applications and applets.
Demonstrate knowledge of Object Oriented Programming concepts (abstraction, encapsulation,
inheritance, polymorphism, etc.).
Use appropriate programming structures for looping and branching through the use of conditionals
and counters.
Read and write data using I/O streams.
Work cooperatively to solve problems and agree on common solutions.
Demonstrate the ability to use objects, primitive types and control structures.
Identify and correct errors using debugging techniques.
Design and implement complex data structures to include stacks, queues, linked lists and trees.
Design and implement coding which requires recursive solutions.
Recognize the ethical and social implications of computer use.
CREDIT INFO: This course provides one of the elective credits required for a Standard, Standard Technical,
Advanced Technical, or Advanced Studies Diploma. Students may receive college credit for
successful achievement on the AP Computer Science Exam.
Page 22
SY 2010 - 2011
COURSE TITLE: Advanced Functions and Modeling
PREREQUISITE: Algebra II
DESCRIPTION: Advanced Functions and Modeling provides opportunities for students to deepen understanding
and knowledge of functions-based mathematics. Problem solving and critical thinking will
provide the structure in which functions (polynomial, exponential, logarithmic, transcendental,
and rational) are studied. Experimental design will provide the foundation for data gathering,
curve sketching, and curve fitting in order to provide a graphical interpretation of real world
situations. Graphing calculators and other emerging technologies along with the precepts of
transformational graphing will be incorporated into instruction to enhance teaching and learning.
Mathematical communication, reasoning, problem solving, critical thinking, and multiple
representations will be emphasized throughout the course.
.
MAIN TOPICS: Reasons and solves problems
Communicates mathematically
Makes connections between concepts in mathematics and other academic areas
Identify, graph, and write linear, quadratic, polynomial functions, radical, rational, exponential,
and logarithmic functions and to apply the concepts of those
functions to real world models.
Find the domain, range, zeros, and inverse of a function, the value of a function for a given
element in its domain, and the composition of multiple functions.
Identify and use trigonometric ratios, inverses, and formulas.
Solve application problems using Trigonometry.
Graph the six trigonometric functions and their inverses.
Understand and apply circular functions.
Prove trigonometric identities.
Solve trigonometric equations.
included.
CREDIT INFO: This course may provide a standard unit of credit for Standard, Standard Technical, Advanced
Technical, or Advanced Studies Diploma.
Page 23
SY 2010 - 2011
COURSE TITLE: Advanced Algebra/Precalculus
PREREQUISITE: Algebra II
DESCRIPTION: This course is an elective beyond the Algebra II level which prepares the student for college
mathematics. Advanced Algebra/Precalculus students receive a bridge from Algebra to analysis
by being introduced to the notion of a limit. Advanced Algebra/Precalculus is a course for very
capable mathematics students who have successfully completed the academic program through
Algebra II. The objective is to provide a thorough preparation for college mathematics, especially
Calculus, by including a study of Trigonometry and other advanced mathematics topics.
MAIN TOPICS: Reasons and solves problems
Communicates mathematically
Makes connections between concepts in mathematics and other academic areas
Incorporate the use of technology when appropriate.
Understand the subsets of the complex number system.
Review complex numbers, polynomial expressions, radicals, and exponents.
Find compositions and inverses of functions. Investigate the continuity of functions.
Solve and graph polynomial functions and inequalities.
Solve problems involving arithmetic and geometric sequences and series.
Find the limit of an algebraic function.
Solve and graph rational, logarithmic, and exponential functions.
Identify and use trigonometric ratios, inverses, and formulas.
Solve application problems using Trigonometry.
Graph the six trigonometric functions and their inverses.
Understand and apply circular functions.
Prove trigonometric identities.
Solve trigonometric equations.
CREDIT INFO: This course may provide a standard unit of credit for a Standard, Standard Technical, Advanced
Technical, or Advanced Studies Diploma. Students who have successfully completed Advanced
Algebra may not take this course for credit.
Page 24
SY 2010 - 2011
COURSE TITLE: Statistics and Probability
PREREQUISITE: Algebra II
DESCRIPTION: Statistics and Probability is a one-semester elective course which is designed to introduce students
to the fundamental concepts of collecting, describing, displaying, and interpreting data, as well as
making decisions and predictions on the basis of that information. This course is an elective
beyond the Algebra II level which prepares the student for college mathematics. In Statistics and
Probability, students learn sampling, distributions, and statistical testing.
MAIN TOPICS: Incorporate the use of technology when appropriate.
Analyze graphical displays of data and numerical characteristics of univariate data sets.
Compare distributions of two or more univariate data sets.
Analyze scatterplots to identify and describe the relationship between two variables.
Find and interpret linear correlation.
Analyze categorical data.
Describe methods of data collection in given surveys and experiments. Plan and conduct a survey
and experiment.
Compute and identify permutations and combinations.
Find probabilities. Describe events as complementary, dependent, independent, and/or mutually
exclusive.
Identify and apply normal distribution.
Apply hypothesis-testing procedures.
CREDIT INFO: This course provides 0.5 of the elective credits required for a Standard or Advanced Studies
Diploma. This course may provide a standard unit of credit for a Standard, Standard Technical,
Advanced Technical, or Advanced Studies Diploma.
Page 25
SY 2010 - 2011
COURSE TITLE: Discrete Mathematics
PREREQUISITE: Algebra II
DESCRIPTION: This course is an elective beyond the Algebra II level which prepares the student for college
mathematics. Discrete Mathematics students are introduced to logic and the finite processes used
to solve applied problems.
MAIN TOPICS: Incorporate the use of technology when appropriate.
Model problems using vertex angle graphs, investigating valence, connectedness, paths, planarity,
and directed graphs. Solve problems using adjacency matrices and matrix operations.
Solve problems by investigating and applying circuits, cycles, Euler Paths, Euler Circuits,
Hamilton Paths, and Hamilton Circuits.
Apply graphs to conflict-resolution problems.
Apply algorithms relating to trees, networks, and paths and use them to schedule tasks.
Solve linear programming problems. Analyze, investigate, and describe fair division, weighted
voting, results of various elections, and salary caps.
Use recursive process and difference equations to generate compound interest, sequences and
series, fractals, population growth models, and the Fibonacci sequence.
Select, justify, and apply an appropriate technique to solve a logic problem.
Apply the formulas of combinatorics.
CREDIT INFO: This course provides 0.5 elective credits required for a Standard or Advanced Studies Diploma.
This course may provide a standard unit of credit for a Standard, Standard Technical, Advanced
Technical, or Advanced Studies Diploma.
Page 26
SY 2010 - 2011
COURSE TITLE: Advanced Placement Calculus AB
PREREQUISITE: Pre-Calculus
DESCRIPTION: This course is an elective beyond the Algebra II level which prepares the student for college
mathematics. In AP Calculus pupils learn the concepts of differential and integral Calculus.
MAIN TOPICS: Incorporate the use of technology when appropriate.
Discuss and graph elementary functions and their properties.
Find one-sided, infinite, and non-existent limits.
Determine the continuity of a function.
Recognize and state the definition of a derivative.
Find the derivative of polynomial, algebraic, rational, and transcendental functions.
Apply the derivative to find rates of change, velocity, optimization, and curve analysis.
Find the anti-derivative and definite integral by using appropriate integration techniques.
Find the area between curves and the volumes of solids.
Approximate areas by using various techniques.
State and use the Fundamental Theorem of Calculus.
Interpret differential equations graphically through slope fields.
CREDIT INFO: This course may provide a standard unit of credit for a Standard, Standard Technical, Advanced
Technical, or Advanced Studies Diploma. Students may receive college credit for successful
achievement on the AP Calculus Exam.
Page 27
SY 2010 - 2011
COURSE TITLE: Advanced Placement Calculus BC
PREREQUISITE: Mathematical Analysis or AP Calculus AB
DESCRIPTION: This course follows the course description of The College Board’s AP Calculus BC program. BC
Calculus applies the concepts of differential and integral Calculus.
MAIN TOPICS: Incorporate the use of technology when appropriate.
Discuss and graph elementary functions and their properties.
Find one-sided, infinite, and non-existent limits.
Determine the continuity of a function.
Recognize and state the definition of a derivative.
Find the derivative of polynomial, algebraic, rational, transcendental, parametric, polar, and vector
functions.
Apply the derivative to find rates of change, velocity, optimization, and curve analysis.
Find numerical solutions to differential equations by various methods.
Explore connections to slope fields, graphs, and solutions to differential equations.
Find the anti-derivative and definite integral by using appropriate integration techniques.
Find the area between curves and the volumes of solids.
Approximate areas by using various techniques.
State and use the Fundamental Theorem of Calculus.
Investigative applications of parametric curves, polar graphs, and vector functions.
Explore sequences and series and test for convergence.
Explore improper integrals and methods of integration including partial fractions, trigonometric
substitution.
CREDIT INFO: This course may provide a standard unit of credit for a Standard, Standard Technical, Advanced
Technical, or Advanced Studies Diploma. Students may receive college credit for successful
achievement on the AP Calculus Exam.
Page 28
SY 2010 - 2011
COURSE TITLE: Advanced Placement Statistics
PREREQUISITE: Algebra II
DESCRIPTION: This course follows the course description of The College Board’s AP Statistics program. AP
Statistics is a year long elective course which is designed to introduce students to the fundamental
concepts of collecting, describing, displaying, and interpreting data, as well as making decisions
and predictions on the basis of that information. This course is an elective beyond the Algebra II
level which prepares the student for college mathematics. In AP Statistics, students explore data
by observing patterns and departures from patterns, plan a study by deciding what and how to
measure data, anticipate patterns by producing models using probability theory and simulations,
and study statistical inference by confirming models.
MAIN TOPICS: Incorporate the use of technology when appropriate.
Define and compare types of statistical distributions and sampling techniques for gathering data.
Univariate and bivariate data will be explored.
Study graphical displays including dotplot, stemplot, histogram, and cumulative frequency plots.
Collect, organize, tabulate, and display data using methods appropriate to the distribution.
Explore mean, median, range, interquartile range, quartiles, percentiles, and z-scores.
Interpret results and draw conclusions about specific data sets. Study outliers, clusters, gaps,
centers, and influential points.
Predict the likelihood of occurrence for given scenarios. Study probability as relative frequency
using the “Law of large numbers” and other rules. Investigate combining independent random
variables, normal distribution, and sampling distributions.
Select and perform tests of significance for given scenarios. Discuss large sample tests for a
proportion, for a mean, for a difference between two proportions, and others.
Describe population estimations with respect to confidence intervals, t-distributions, and chi-
square statistics.
CREDIT INFO: This course may provide a standard unit of credit for a Standard, Standard Technical, Advanced
Technical, or Advanced Studies Diploma. Students may receive college credit for successful
achievement on the AP Calculus Exam.
Page 29
SY 2010 - 2011
COURSE TITLE: Mathematical Analysis
PREREQUISITE: Algebra II and Trigonometry
DESCRIPTION: This course is part of a sequence of advanced mathematical studies beginning with Algebra II &
Trigonometry and including AP Calculus BC. The course combines concepts from Pre-Calculus
and Calculus AB. The course is designed for advanced students who are capable of a more
rigorous course at an accelerated pace.
MAIN TOPICS: Incorporate the use of technology when appropriate.
Review complex numbers, polynomial expressions, radicals and exponents.
Solve and graph polynomial functions and inequalities, rational, logarithmic, and exponential
functions.
Identify and use trigonometric ratios, inverses, and formulas.
Solve application problems using trigonometry.
Graph the six trigonometric functions and their inverses. Prove trigonometric identities.
Apply vectors to solve problems.
Convert between rectangular equations and parametric equations. Graph polar equations and
identify polar graphs.
Identify and use permutations and combinations.
Find one-sided, infinite, and non-existent limits.
Determine the continuity of a function.
Recognize and state the definition of a derivative.
Find the derivative of polynomial, algebraic, rational, and transcendental functions.
Apply the derivative to find rates of change, velocity, optimization, and curve analysis.
CREDIT INFO: This course may provide a standard unit of credit for a Standard, Standard Technical, Advanced
Technical, or Advanced Studies Diploma. Students who have successfully completed Pre-
Calculus may not take this course for credit.
Page 30
SY 2010 - 2011
COURSE TITLE: Functions, Algebra, and Data Analysis
PREREQUISITE: Algebra I
DESCRIPTION: Students will study functions and their behaviors, systems of inequalities, probability,
experimental design and implementation, and analysis of data within the context of mathematical
modeling and data analysis,. Students will solve problems that require the formulation of linear,
quadratic, exponential, or logarithmic equations or a system of equations. Through the
investigation of mathematical models and interpretation/analysis of data from real life situations,
students will strengthen conceptual understandings in mathematics and further develop
connections between algebra and statistics. Students should use the language and symbols of
mathematics in representations and communication throughout the course.
MAIN TOPICS: Investigate and analyze function (linear, quadratic, exponential, and logarithmic) families and their
characteristics.
\ Use knowledge of transformations to write an equation given the graph of a function
Design and conduct experiments using the concepts of sample size, sampling technique, and
controlling sources of bias and experimental error.
Using experimental data, generate an equation for the curve of best fit to model real-world
problems or applications.
Use the best fit equation to interpolate function values, make decisions, and justify conclusions
with algebraic and/or graphical models.
Analyze multiple representations of functions including algebraic formulae, graphs, tables, and
words. Sand use appropriate representations for analysis, interpretation, and prediction.
Determine optimal values in problem situations by identifying constraints and using linear
programming techniques.
Calculate probabilities.
Analyze the normal distribution. Key concepts include the characteristics of normally distributed
data, percentiles, normalizing data using z-scores, the area under the standard normal curve and
probability
CREDIT INFO: This course may provide a standard unit of credit for a Standard, Standard Technical, Advanced
Technical, or Advanced Studies Diploma.