ภาควิชาสรีรวิทยา คณะวิทยาศาสตร มหาวิทยาลัยมหิดล DEPARTMENT OF PHYSIOLOGY, FACULTY OF SCIENCE, MAHIDOL UNIVERSITY Course Syllabus SCPS 666: Neuromuscular Exercise Physiology Credit Hour: 2(2-0-4) Semester I, Academic Year: 2021 August 9 th – December 3 rd
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ภาควิชาสรีรวิทยา คณะวิทยาศาสตร มหาวิทยาลัยมหดิล
DEPARTMENT OF PHYSIOLOGY, FACULTY OF SCIENCE, MAHIDOL UNIVERSITY
Course Syllabus
SCPS 666: Neuromuscular Exercise Physiology
Credit Hour: 2(2-0-4)
Semester I, Academic Year: 2021
August 9th – December 3rd
2
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
I. Course Description 3
II. Course Objectives 3
III. Expected Learning Outcome 4
IV. Teaching method 4
V. Student Assessment 4
VI. Recommended Textbooks 4
VII. Course Coordinators & Lecturers 4
VIII. Course Schedule 5
IX. Lesson Plan 6
3
Course Syllabus and Lesson
SCPS 666: Neuromuscular Exercise Physiology
Semester I, Academic Year: 2021
Course Title: Neuromuscular Exercise Physiology
สรีรวิทยาการออกกําลังกายของระบบประสาทและกลามเน้ือ
Course Code: SCPS 666
Credit: 2 (2-0-4)
Prerequisite: None
Course Description: The neural control of the body movement; mechanism of muscle contraction and its
regulation; adaptations of skeletal muscle to weight training, disuse, aging and injury.
Background & synopsis Fundamental knowledge of muscle physiology is an essential content to understand the physiological properties of three different types of muscle including skeletal muscle, cardiac muscle, and smooth muscle. These basic concepts are mandatory for studying the exercise physiology related contents.
Objectives: Students should be able to: 1. Describe physiological properties and the factors that regulate functions of skeletal muscle, cardiac
muscle, and smooth muscle 2. Explain the essential concepts of basic muscle physiology that can be applied to exercise physiology
Lecture outline
1. Physiological properties of skeletal muscle, cardiac muscle, and smooth muscle 2. Factors that regulate functions of skeletal muscle, cardiac muscle, and smooth muscle
Learning organization
1. Self-study of suggested reading materials before class 2. 2 sessions of 50-minute lecture using visual presentation 3. 10 minutes questions and answers
Learning materials 1. Lesson plan, including the behavioral objectives 2. Handout of the lecture presentation
Suggested readings 1. Koeppen BM, Stanton BA. BERNE & LEVY Physiology. 7th ed., 2018. 2. Marieb EN, Hoehn K. Human Anatomy & Physiology. 9th ed., 2013.
Student assessment: Essay writing
14
Lecture 7: Factors affecting muscular performance during exercise
Lecturer Assistant Professor Ratchakrit Srikuea, Ph.D.
Background & synopsis Muscular performance during exercise is relied on the power and capacity of skeletal muscle to exert force to match the physical demand. Hence, understanding the factors that affect muscular performance and the underlying mechanisms are crucial for exercise physiology knowledge.
Objectives: Students should be able to: 1. Describe the effect of warm-up on muscular performance 2. Explain the underlying mechanisms of exercise-associated muscle cramps 3. Explain the events of delayed onset of muscle soreness after exercise 4. Explain the contribution of muscle fiber type composition on muscular performance
Lecture outline 1. Impact of warm-up sessions 2. Exercise-associated muscle cramps 3. Delayed onset of muscle soreness 4. Influence of muscle fiber type composition
Learning organization 1. Self-study of suggested reading materials before class 2. 2 sessions of 50-minute lecture using visual presentation 3. 10 minutes questions and answers
Learning materials 1. Lesson plan, including the behavioral objectives 2. Handout of the lecture presentation
Suggested readings 1. Powers SK and Howley ET. Exercise physiology: Theory and application to fitness and performance, 10th
ed., 2018. 2. McArdle WD, Katch FI, Katch VL. Essential of exercise physiology: Nutrition, Energy, and Human
performance. 8th ed., 2015. Student assessment:
Essay writing
15
Lecture 8: Exercise and muscle fatigue
Lecturer Assistant Professor Ratchakrit Srikuea, Ph.D.
Background & synopsis Muscle fatigue is the phenomenon that deficit of muscle force occurs during physical exertion, i.e., exercise. Both central and peripheral contributions on muscle fatigue have been reported. Numerous underlying mechanisms have been proposed to date to explain how muscle fatigue developed during intense and prolonged exercise.
Objectives: Students should be able to: 1. Explain the concept of muscle fatigue during exercise 2. Describe the contributions of central and peripheral mechanisms of muscle fatigue during exercise 3. Describe the underlying mechanisms of muscle fatigue during intense vs. prolonged exercise
Lecture outline 1. Definition of muscle fatigue 2. Central and peripheral mechanisms of muscle fatigue 3. Muscle fatigue during intense vs. prolonged exercise
Learning organization 1. Self-study of suggested reading materials before class 2. 2 sessions of 50-minute lecture using visual presentation 3. 10 minutes questions and answers
Learning materials 1. Lesson plan, including the behavioral objectives 2. Handout of the lecture presentation
Resistance training is a type of training that routinely apply as exercise regimen to increase muscle mass and strength. Adaptation of skeletal muscle to the external resistance are involves both neural and muscular adaptations. Resistance training induces changes of physiological responses, up-regulation of growth factors, and activation of skeletal muscle stem cell to play role in skeletal muscle hypertrophic process.
Objectives: Students should be able to: 1. Describe the impact on resistance training on neural and muscular adaptation 2. Explain the functions of skeletal muscle stem cell and myonuclear domain hypothesis 3. Define the growth factors that contribute to skeletal muscle hypertrophic process
Lecture outline 1. Resistance training and skeletal muscle adaptation 2. Myonuclear domain hypothesis 3. Growth factors mediate muscle hypertrophy 4. Sarcopenia and resistance training
Learning organization 1. Self-study of suggested reading materials before class 2. 2 sessions of 50-minute lecture using visual presentation 3. 10 minutes questions and answers
Learning materials 1. Lesson plan, including the behavioral objectives 2. Handout of the lecture presentation
Suggested readings 1. Powers SK and Howley ET. Exercise physiology: Theory and application to fitness and performance, 10th
ed., 2018. 2. McArdle WD, Katch FI, Katch VL. Essential of exercise physiology: Nutrition, Energy, and Human
performance. 8th ed., 2015. Student assessment:
Essay writing
17
Lecture 10: Muscle adaptations to endurance/concurrent training
Lecturer Assistant Professor Ratchakrit Srikuea, Ph.D.
Endurance training is a type of training that regularly use to improve cardiorespiratory fitness. The effect of endurance training mainly involves angiogenesis and mitochondrial synthesis to increase oxygen delivery and oxygen extraction of the working muscle during exercise. In contrast to endurance training, concurrent training is the combination of resistance and endurance training to mimic various types of sports that require both strength and endurance performance.
Objectives: Students should be able to: 1. Describe the effects of endurance and concurrent training on muscular adaptation 2. Compare and contrast the effects of endurance and concurrent training to resistance training on skeletal
muscle adaptation Lecture outline
1. Endurance training and skeletal muscle adaptation 2. Concurrent training and skeletal muscle adaptation 3. Sarcopenia and endurance training
Learning organization 1. Self-study of suggested reading materials before class 2. 2 sessions of 50-minute lecture using visual presentation 3. 10 minutes questions and answers
Learning materials 1. Lesson plan, including the behavioral objectives 2. Handout of the lecture presentation
Suggested readings 1. Powers SK and Howley ET. Exercise physiology: Theory and application to fitness and performance, 10th
ed., 2018. 2. McArdle WD, Katch FI, Katch VL. Essential of exercise physiology: Nutrition, Energy, and Human
performance. 8th ed., 2015. Student assessment:
Essay writing
18
Lecture 11: Influence of genetics on muscular performance
Background & synopsis Athletic performance is a complex trait that is influenced by both genetic and environmental factors. Studies focused on similarities and differences in athletic performance within families, including between twins, suggest that genetic factors underlie 30% to 80% of the differences among individuals in traits related to athletic performance. Many studies have investigated variations in specific genes thought to be involved in these traits, involving athletes and non-athletes. Some gene polymorphisms have been linked with exercise performance. Changes in our genome can influence speed, strength and endurance performance as well.
Objectives: Students should be able to: 1. Describe the influence of genetics on exercise performance 2. Define the major candidate genes and its effect on muscular performance
Lecture outline 1. Human genome and exercise performance 2. Candidate gene analysis on muscular performance 3. Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs)
Learning organization 1. Self-study of suggested reading materials before class 2. 2 sessions of 50-minute lecture using visual presentation 3. 10 minutes questions and answers
Learning materials 1. Lesson plan, including the behavioral objectives 2. Handout of the lecture presentation
Suggested readings 1. Bray et al. The human gene map for performance and health-related fitness phenotypes: the 2006-2007
update. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2009;41(1):35-73. 2. Malcolm Collins, Genetics Med Sport Sci. Basel, Karger, 2016 3. I. Papadimitriou, A. Lucia, Y. Pitsiladis, V. Pushkarev, D. Dyatlov, E. Orekhov, J. Guilherme, A. Lancha, V.
Ginevičien, P. Cieszczyk, A. Karlowska, M. Sawczuk, C. Muniesa, A. Kouvatsi, M. Massidda, C. Calò, F. Garton, G. Wang, K. Austin, V. Charlton, E. Morrison, A. Druzhevskaya, I. Astratenkova, I. Ahmetov ACTN3 R577X and ACE I/D gene variants influence specific performance phenotypes in elite sprinters: A study involved ten cohorts of Caucasian and African athletes, European Journal of Human Genetics Vol 23, p 336 June (2016)
Student assessment: Essay writing
19
Group Discussion 2: Protein supplementation and skeletal muscle hypertrophy after resistance training
Lecturer Assistant Professor Ratchakrit Srikuea, Ph.D.
Background & synopsis Protein supplementation is recommended to apply during resistance training in trained men to enhance muscle hypertrophy. To support this notion, whey protein has been widely used in the bodybuilder. However, whether whey protein supplementation affect muscle hypertrophy in untrained men is remained unknown.
Objectives: Students should be able to: 1. Describe the impact of protein supplementation on skeletal muscle hypertrophy after resistance training 2. Explain the contribution of mTOR signaling in response to whey protein supplementation after resistance
training Learning organization
1. Self-study of the assigned papers before class 2. Group discussion on the assigned papers 3. Questions and answers
Learning materials 1. Lesson plan, including the behavioral objectives 2. Assigned papers
Suggested reading 1. Hulmi JJ, Lockwood CM, Stout JR. Effect of protein/essential amino acids and resistance training on
skeletal muscle hypertrophy: A case for whey protein. Nutr Metab 7: 51, 2010. Assigned Paper
1. Kakigi R, Yoshihara T, Ozaki H, Ogura Y, Ichinoseki-Sekine N, Kobayashi H, et al. Whey protein intake after resistance exercise activates mTOR signaling in a dose-dependent manner in human skeletal muscle. Eur J Appl Physiol, Apr;114(4):735-42, 2014.
Student assessment: Class participation during group discussion
20
Group Discussion 3: Skeletal muscle adaptability
Lecturer Assistant Professor Ratchakrit Srikuea, Ph.D.
Background & synopsis Skeletal muscles are heterogeneous, composing of different fiber types including slow, fast oxidative, and fast glycolytic. Each of which is characterized by a set of contractile and molecular properties. One of the remarkable features of skeletal muscle is its adaptability. The adaptation of skeletal muscle is diverse and the magnitude of change is depended on many factors such as activity pattern, age, and muscle fiber type composition.
Objectives: Students should be able to: 1. Describe the concepts of skeletal muscle adaptation 2. Compare and contrast the adaptation of human skeletal muscle between unloading vs. aging
Learning organization 1. Self-study of the assigned contents before class 2. Group discussion on the assigned contents 3. Questions and answers
Learning materials 1. Lesson plan, including the behavioral objectives 2. Assigned contents
Suggested reading 1. Schiaffino and Reggiani. Fiber types in mammalian skeletal muscles. Physiol Rev 91: 1447–1531, 2011. 2. Wisdom et al. Use it or lose it: multiscale skeletal muscle adaptation to mechanical stimuli. Biomech
Model Mechanobiol. 14(2):195-215, 2015. Student assessment:
Class participation during group discussion
21
Student Presentation: Topic “Sarcopenia and Response to Exercise Training”
Lecturer Assistant Professor Ratchakrit Srikuea, Ph.D.
Sarcopenia is the condition that muscle mass and strength are declined during aging. The impairment of
muscular performance in elderly can be alleviated with exercise training. Therefore, understanding the effects of
resistance and endurance exercise training on aged muscle will help to design the appropriate training regimens to
improve the quality of life in elderly.
Objectives: Students should be able to: 1. Explain the impact of sarcopenia on muscular performance 2. Describe the effects of resistance, endurance, and concurrent training on muscular adaptation in
elderly Learning organization
1. Self-study on the assigned paper before class 2. Students prepare the presentation using PowerPoint on the assigned topic 3. Questions and answers
Learning materials 1. Lesson plan, including the behavioral objectives 2. Assigned paper
Assigned Paper 1. Cadore at el. Strength and endurance training prescription in healthy and frail elderly. Aging Dis. Jun;5(3):