Course of MT- 362 Material Handling Lecture # 3. Principles of Material Handling Planning principle Standardization principle Work principle Ergonomic.

Course of MT- 362Material Handling

Lecture # 3

Principles of Material Handling

• Planning principle• Standardization principle

• Work principle• Ergonomic principle• Unit load principle• Space utilization• System principle

• Automation principle• Environmental principle• Life cycle cost principle


• Planning principle- All material handling should be the result of adeliberate plan where the needs, performanceobjectives and functional specification of theproposed methods are completely defined atthe outset.

Planning principle


• Standardization principle- Material handling methods, equipment,

controls and software should be standardizedwithin the limits of achieving overallperformance objectives and without sacrificingneeded flexibility , modularity and throughput(i.e., the quantity of raw materials processedwithin a given time)

Standardization principle


• Work principle- Material handling work should be minimizedwithout sacrificing productivity or the level ofservice required of the operation

- The work principle for MH should be such thatit should simplify the handling processes (e.g.,by reducing, combining, shortening oreliminating unnecessary moves)

• E.g., the shortest distance between two points is astraight line (not a curved path!)

Work principle


• Ergonomic principle- Ergonomics is the science that seeks to adaptwork or working conditions to suit the abilitiesof the worker

- Human capabilities and limitations must berecognized and respected in the design ofmaterial handling tasks and equipment toensure safe and effective operations

Ergonomic principle


• Unit load principle- A unit load is one that can be stored or movedas a single entity at one time, such as a pallet,container or tote (bag), regardless of thenumber of individual items that make up theload

- Unit loads shall be appropriately sized andconfigured in a way which achieves the

material flow and inventory objectives at eachstage in the supply chain

Unit load principle


• Space utilization principle- Space in material handling is three dimensional andtherefore is counted as cubic space

- Effective and efficient use must be made of allavailable space• In work areas, messy and unorganized spaces and blockedpassageways should be eliminated

• In storage areas, the objective of maximizing storage densitymust be balanced against accessibility and selectivity

• When transporting loads within a facility the use of overheadspace should be considered as an option

Space utilization principle


• System principle- A system is a collection of interacting and/orinterdependent entities that form a unified whole

- The MH should be such that material movement andstorage activities are fully integrated to form acoordinated and operational system

• This system should consist of receiving,inspection, storage, production, assembly,

packaging, unitizing, order selection, shipping,transportation and the handling of returns activities


• System principle- Systems integration should include the entire supplychain including reverse (return i.e., two way) logistics

- It should include suppliers, manufacturers, distributorsand customers- Inventory levels should be minimized at all stages ofproduction and distribution

• however process requirements and customerservice should be considered


• System principle- Information flow and physical material flow should beintegrated and treated as concurrent (simultaneous)activities

- Methods should be provided for easily identifyingmaterials and products, for determining their locationand status within facilities and within the supply chainand for controlling their movement

- Customer requirements and expectations regardingquantity, quality, and on-time delivery should be metwithout any distinction

System principle


• Automation principle- Automation is a technology concerned withthe application of electro-mechanical devices,electronics and computer-based systems tooperate and control production and serviceactivities. It suggests the linking of multiplemechanical operations to create a systemthat can be controlled by programmedinstructions


• Automation principle- Material handling operations should be mechanizedand/or automated where feasible to improveoperational efficiency, increase responsiveness,improve consistency and predictability, decreaseoperating costs and to eliminate repetitive orpotentially unsafe manual labor

- Pre-existing processes and methods should besimplified and/or re-engineered before any efforts atinstalling mechanized or automated systems


• Automation principle- Computerized material handling systems should beconsidered where appropriate for effective integrationof material flow and information management

- All items expected to be handled automatically musthave features that accommodate mechanized andautomated handling

- Treat all interface issues as critical to successfulautomation, including equipment to equipment,

equipment to load, equipment to operator, and controlcommunications

Automation principle


• Environmental principle- Environmental consciousness stems from adesire not to waste natural resources and topredict and eliminate the possible negativeeffects of our daily actions on the environment

- Environmental impact and energyconsumption should be considered as criteriawhen designing or selecting alternativeequipment and material handling systems


• Environmental principle- Containers, pallets and other products used to formand protect unit loads should be designed forreusability when possible and/or biodegradability asappropriate

- Systems design should accommodate the handling ofspent dunnage (wooden boxes), empty containersand other by-products of material handling

- Materials specified as hazardous have special needswith regard to spill protection, combustibility and otherrisks

Environmental principle


• Life cycle cost principle- Life cycle costs include all cash flows that willoccur between the time the first dollar is spentto plan or procure a new piece of equipment,or to put in place a new method, until thatmethod and/or equipment is totally replaced

- A thorough economic analysis should accountfor the entire life cycle of all material handlingequipment and resulting systems


• Life cycle cost principle- Life cycle costs include capital investment,installation, setup and equipment programming,

training, system testing and acceptance, operating(labor, utilities, etc.), maintenance and repair, reusevalue, and ultimate disposal- A plan for preventive and predictive maintenanceshould be prepared for the equipment, and theestimated cost of maintenance and spare partsshould be included in the economic analysis


• Life cycle cost principle- A long-range plan for replacement of the equipmentwhen it becomes obsolete should be prepared

- Although measurable cost is a primary factor, it iscertainly not the only factor in selecting among

alternatives. Other factors of a strategic nature to theorganization and which form the basis for competitionin the market place should be considered andquantified whenever possible

Life cycle cost principle

Course of MT- 362 Material Handling Lecture # 3. Principles of Material Handling Planning principle Standardization principle Work principle Ergonomic.

Documents

material handling lecture

handling processes

material flow

work areas

allavailable space

operational system

cubic space effective

theload unit loads