Course: Introduction to Computers

Course: Introduction to Computers

Lecture: 4 Software

Introduction Program:Set of sequence instruction that tell the computer what to do.

Software:A collection of programs, data, and information.

Programmer:The person who makes the program.

(Computer Software)

(System Software) (Application Software)

Computer Software

System Software It is the software which is used by the

computer or operates a computer system.

Built inside the computer or in a CD must be bought.

(System Software)

(Programming language)

(Compiler And

Interpreters)

(Operating Systems)

Programming language

Programs are developed by the programming languages.

It is a set of words, rules, syntax.

There are many programming languages each to solve specific kinds of problems.

Ex. ( C, Java, Pascal, …etc).

Generations of Programming Languages:1. Machine Language.2. Assembly Language.3. High Level Language.4. Application Generation.5. Object Oriented Languages.

Programming language

Generations of Programming Languages:1.Machine Language:

It is written in 1, 0 (Binary system). Difficult language. Need long time. Depends on the computer architecture.

Programming language

Generations of Programming Languages:2.Assembly Language:

Depends on using some of the mnemonic symbols, like: ADD, SUB, MUL, DIV.

Easier than the machine language. Use other accounting systems. Depends on the computer architecture. A translator is needed and it is called

(Assembler).

Programming language

Generations of Programming Languages:3.High Level Language:

Use statements that user can understand. It needs translators. It can be used very easily to solve complex

problems. They are undependable of the computer’s

architecture. Ex. Python , C , Java

Programming language

Generations of Programming Languages:4.Application Generations:

Database language used to create files, forms, queries and reports without the writing of any programs.

Ex. Oracle, Access.

Programming language

Generations of Programming Languages:5.Object Oriented Languages:

Consist of a collection of objects. Every object contains its variables, data,

methods. Encapsulation: which means that the data

and its operations are collected in the same place. You can't access any data without using the operations.

Programming language

(System Software)

(Programming language)

(Compiler And

Interpreters)

(Operating Systems)

System Software

Compiler And Interpreters

Compilers and Interpreters: Program that translate the source code into object code.

Compilers: translate a whole program once and execute it.

Interpreters: translate and execute one instruction at a time. Its slower and use more space than the compiler.

Operating SystemsThe most important software.

It holds all the instructions that make the computer work.

No computer can work if it dose not contain a O.S.

Consist of group of program (work like a team) the main control program is the Supervisor:

Known as the Monitor or Executive.Guides the activates to all the O.S. parts.

Ex. DOS, Windows, Mac O.S, … etc.

MS Windows 1.x

15

MS Windows 98

16

Windows XP

Windows Vista

Windows 7

Windows 8

System1,2,3,4

MAC OS 8

MAC OS X

Mac OS X10.0 “Cheetah” & MAC OS X 10.1 “Puma”

“Cheetah”

“Puma”

Mac OS X10.2 “Jaguar” & MAC OS X 10.3 “Panther”

“Jaguar”

“Panther”

Mac OS X10.4 “Tiger” & MAC OS X 10.5 “Leopard”

“Tiger”“Leopard”

Mac OS X10.6 “Snow Leopard” & MAC OS X 10.7 “Lion”& Mac OS X10.8 “Mountain Lion”

“Lion”“Snow Leopard”

“Mountain Lion”

Linux

28

Ubuntu

Operating System Functions

1. Booting up.2. User Interface.3. Task and resources management.4. Monitoring.5. File Management.6. System security.

Operating System Type 1) Multitasking OS: execute more than one task at

the same time.

2) Multiprocessing OS: uses more than one CPU.

3) Timesharing OS: time is shared between multi-user to execute their task.

4) Network OS

5) Real Time OS: Input and output operations are happing at the same time (medical devices).

(Computer Software)

(System Software) (Application Software)

Computer Software

Application Software

Application software is a software used by user

Two categories Basic applications

general-purpose

Specialized applicationsFor specific, advanced tasks

Basic Application Focus on basic and general-purpose tasks

Focus on specific disciplines and occupations

Make it possible to perform advanced tasks at home

Examples: Graphics Programs Audio and Video Editing Software Multimedia Creation Programs Web Designing Programs

Specialized Applications

Examples

Computer Parts

O.S

Application Software

User

Interfaces

Interface: It’s the way that the user use to deal (communicate) with the computer.

Type:1. Command Line Interface:

1. Commands must be typed on the keyboard. 2. It’s slow process.3. Require a high degree of computer knowledge.

2. Graphical User Interface:1. Use pictures, windows, menus, icons to represent object and

operation.2. User can select any object by pointing the mouse at it an click

on it.3. Ease, enjoyable.

System DevelopmentSystem Development: refers to replacing a manual

system into a Computerized system.

Steps of the System Development (System Life Cycle):

1. Preliminary Analysis: What is the system requirements, organization objective. So gather data and write report.

2. Assess Feasibility: Determine if the solution is by computerizing the system?, Is the budget covers?

3. Design: Draw the plan on how its this can be implemented.

4. Implementation(Programming): Write the program. (in this step the system is physically designed).

System Development Steps of the System Development

(System Life Cycle):5. Testing6. Training7. Hand over to client8. Monitoring and maintaining the

system.

Multimedia Using text, audio, picture, video, …etc in the

program. Used in education, games, commercial.

Multimedia Computer specifications: 1. High specifications in terms of equipment: speed,

memory, hard drive.2. Peripherals: CD drive, sound card, microphone, …

etc.3. Large monitor: screen (graphical) card.4. DVD drivers.