Course Information Booklet for Masters Course on Energy ...

Course Information Booklet

for

Masters Course on Energy Efficient Building Design

At

Kathmandu University

Contributors:

Department of Mechanical Engineering (DoME)

Department of Civil and Geomatics Engineering (DCGE)

Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering (DoEEE)

Date: 2017 March

TABLE OF CONTENTS

1. Core Courses (Code: CC) ......................................................................................................................... 3

1.1. Renewable Energy Resources (CC1) ................................................................................................................. 3

1.2. Building Thermal Physics (CC2) ......................................................................................................................... 6

1.3. HVAC Basics (CC3) ............................................................................................................................................ 9

1.4. Energy Efficient Building Design (CC4) ............................................................................................................ 12

1.5. Building Standards (CC5) ................................................................................................................................. 15

2. Elective Courses (Code: EC) ................................................................................................................... 19

2.1. Low Temperature Solar Thermal Technology (EC1) ........................................................................................ 19

2.2. Energy Audit and Management (EC2) .............................................................................................................. 21

2.3. Building Renovation (EC3)................................................................................................................................ 24

2.4. Building Structural Physics (EC4) ..................................................................................................................... 26

2.5. Retrofitting Buildings to Save Energy (EC5) ..................................................................................................... 29

2.6. Illumination Engineering (EC6) ......................................................................................................................... 33

2.7. Solid State Lighting (EC7)................................................................................................................................. 35

2.8. Energy Management and Technology MPOE 502 (EC8) ................................................................................. 37

2.9. Solar Photovoltaic systems (EC9) .................................................................................................................... 38

2.10. Biomass engineering (EC10) .......................................................................................................................... 40

1. Core Courses (Code: CC)

1.1. Renewable Energy Resources (CC1)

Credit: 3 Instruction Hrs.: 45

Course Objective:

This is an introductory course to the renewable energy resources that will provide a scientific evaluation

and understanding of the renewable energy sources, technology, policy and applications. The analysis

technique and tools for the system design and selection of renewable energy application will be provided.

The course basically covers society’s present need and future energy demands, global and national energy

sources and demand, ecological, economic, political and environmental issues around the use of

renewable energy sources, renewable energy resources for instance solar, biomass, biogas, wind,

geothermal, micro hydro etc. will be discussed in terms of technology and system design and application

perspectives. Available hands-on laboratory exercises will be included.

Course Details:

S.N. DESCRIPTION HOURS REMARKS

1.

Energy Overview in National and Global Context

1.1. National and Global Energy Resources and

Consumption

1.2. Future requirements of Energy and the role of

renewable sources of energy

1.3. Energy, sustainability and the environment

1.4. National renewable energy development policy

and strategy

5 Lecture

2.

Biomass Energy

2.1. Biomass and biofuels overview and applications

2.2. Application of biomass energy

2.3. Thermochemical, biochemical and agrochemical

5 Lecture

processes

2.4. Biomass properties and composition

2.5. Thermal conversion of biomass: Pyrolysis,

Gasification and Combustion

3.

Biogas Energy

3.1. Bioenergy from Waste

3.2. Overview of domestic biogas system and

applications

3.3. Biogas plant designs and sizing calculations

3.4. Biochemical process and biogas characteristics

3.5. Introduction to large biogas systems

5 Lecture

4.

Solar Thermal Energy

4.1. Concept of solar geometry and irradiation

4.2. Active and passive solar energy use and

application

4.3. Solar utilization in buildings

4.4. Solar thermal mathematics for collector design

4.5. Solar energy storage and application

6 Lecture and

Tutorial

5.

Solar Photovoltaic

5.1. Application of solar PV

5.2. Principle of solar energy conversion to electricity

5.3. Global Status and prospects of solar PV

5.4. Overview of three generation of PV development

5.5. Grid tied and off-grid PV systems

5.6. PV system design and calculations

5 Lecture and

Tutorial

6.

Wind Energy

6.1. Overview of wind energy and applications

6.2. Types of winds energy turbines

6.3. Wind power generation system

6.4. Wind resource assessment and energy

calculation

5 Lecture and

Tutorial

6.5. Wind farm design and site selection

7.

Wave, Tidal and Geothermal Energy

7.1. Overview of wave, tidal and geothermal energy

and applications

2 Lecture

8. Hands-on laboratory exercise 6

Lecture, Tutorial

and Laboratory

Works

9. Case Study (1st and 2nd) 6

Lecture, Tutorial

and Laboratory

Works

Learning Outcomes:

Upon completion of this course, students should be able to explain main source of energy and their primary

application in global and national perspectives, describe the challenges and problems associated with the

use of various technologies and national policy for the development of renewable energy resources. They

should be able to describe the technology of each of the renewable energy sources, design and calculation

of the required system. They should also get familiar with various technologies through hands-on laboratory

experience.

References:

Twidell, J.W. and Weir, A. Renewable Energy Sources, EFN Spon Ltd., 2986.

Godfrey Boyle, Renewable Energy, Power for a Sustainable Future, Oxford University Press, Uk, 1996.

Duffie, A.J., Beckman, A. W. Solar Engineering of Thermal Processes, John Wiley and Sons, 2013.

Kishore, VVN. Renewable Energy Engineering and Technology, Teri Press, New Delhi, 2002.

Bent Sorensen, Renewable Energy, Elsevier, Academic Press, 2011.

1.2. Building Thermal Physics (CC2)


Description of the Course:

The course gives a comprehensive introduction into topics of Building Physics and basic building energy

calculations.

Content: Main topics of the course: Introduction to the building physics. Steady state heat flow through

opaque building constructions. Thermal bridges. Heat flow by radiation. Heat transfer of multi layered

building structures. Passive solar heating and passive cooling. Moisture flow in building constructions. Heat

transfer in non-steady state conditions. Building energy directives. Use of sun path diagrams. Building

physical aspects of the use of shading constructions. Basic characteristics of thermal comfort.


1.

Introduction to the building physics

1.1. Subjects of Building Physics

1.2. Physical quantities

1.3. Energy balance equations

1.4. Climate Characteristics.

2 Lecture and

Tutorial

2.

One dimensional steady state heat transfer of

opaque building constructions

2.1. Fourier’s equation

2.2. Thermal conductivity and resistance

2.3. Convection

2.4. Definition and calculation of overall heat

transmission coefficient

2.5. Calculation of temperature distribution of

composite slabs.

4 Lecture and

Tutorial

3. Thermal bridges

3.1. Definition and classification of thermal bridges 4

Lecture and

Tutorial

3.2. Definition of self-scale temperature

3.3. Linear heat loss coefficient.

3.4. Diagnostic of thermal bridges by heat camera.

4.

Heat flow by radiation. Heat transfer and solar gain

of glass-structures

4.1. Basic laws of heat radiation

4.2. Thermal characteristics of glassed constructions

4.3. Greenhouse effect

4.4. Types and characteristics of passive solar

systems.

4 Lecture and

Tutorial

5.

Moisture transfer in building constructions.

5.1. Characteristics of moist air

5.2. Moisture effects in building constructions

5.3. Dalton’s law

5.4. Sorption and capillary condensation

5.5. Dew point

5.6. Vapor conductivity and resistance

5.7. Calculation of moisture transfer (condensation

zone).

5 Lecture and

Tutorial

6.

Heat transfer in non-steady state conditions.

6.1. Heat capacity

6.2. The characteristics of heat transfer in non–

steady state conditions.

4 Lecture and

Tutorial

7. International building energy directives.

7.1. Examples of building energy calculations.

4 Lecture and

Tutorial

8.

Use of sun path diagrams. Building physical aspects

of the use of shading constructions.

8.1. Stereographic sun path diagram

8.2. Waldram diagram

8.3. Solar control and shading devices

4 Lecture and

Laboratory Works

9. Natural ventilation. 4 Lecture and

9.1. The rule of natural ventilation in the building

energy balance 9.2. Properties of internal air quality

9.3. Types of natural ventilation system

9.4. Passive cooling.

Tutorial

10. Basic characteristics of thermal comfort

10.1. Factors of the indoor thermal comfort.

2 Lecture and

Tutorial

11. Case Study 1 3 Field Work and

Laboratory Works

12. Case Study 2 3 Field Work and

Laboratory Works

13. Students Presentation 2 Self-Learning

1.3. HVAC Basics (CC3)


The course gives a comprehensive introduction into topics of Heating Ventilation and Air Conditioning

Topics to be covered: The first topic is the understanding of psychrometric, which deals with the properties

of moist air, the presentation of air conditioning processes in the psychrometric chart, common basic

elements of HVAC systems and the types of systems. Since HVAC is used to maintain not only an

acceptable level of thermal comfort within a space but also a healthy environment, the conditions that

provide a comfortable and healthful indoor environment for humans are introduced. The design of an HVAC

system is dependent on a good estimate of the heat gain or loss in a space to be conditioned. The next

step is the determination of heat transmission in building structures and solar radiation, including overall

heat transfer coefficients, climate, solar angles, and solar irradiation. Then the maximum probable heat loss

(space heating load) in winter and heat gain (space cooling load) in summer are determined in order to size

the HVAC system.


1.

Introduction to Refrigeration and Air Conditioning

1.1. Thermodynamics of refrigeration

1.2. Refrigeration Cycles

1.3 Applications of Refrigeration

2 Lecture and Tutorial

2.

Introduction to HVAC Systems

2.1. Introduction to the Psychrometric chart

2.2. Basic Air-Conditioning system

2.3. Zoned Air-Conditioning System

2.4. Choosing an Air-Conditioning System

2.5. System Choice Matrix


3.

Thermal comfort

3.1. Introduction to Thermal Comfort

3.2. Factors Influencing Thermal Comfort

3.3. Conditions for Comfort


4. Ventilation and indoor air quality 4 Lecture, Tutorial and

4.1. Air Pollutants and Contaminants

4.2. Indoor air quality effects on health and comfort

4.3. Controlling indoor air quality

4.4. ASHRAE Standard for indoor air quality

Laboratory Works

5.

Single zone air handlers and unitary equipment

5.1. Introduction to zones, zone design and zone

control

5.2. Examples of buildings with single zone package

air conditioning unit

5.3. Air-handling unit components

5.4. Refrigeration equipment

5.5. System performance requirements

5.6. Rooftop unit and split systems

4 Lecture and

Laboratory Works

6.

Multiple zone air system

6.1. Single-duct, zoned reheat, constant volume

systems

6.2. Single-duct, variable air volume systems

6.3. By-pass box systems

6.4. Constant volume dual-duct, all-air systems

6.5. Multizone systems

6.6. Dual-duct, variable air volume system

4 Lecture and

Laboratory Works

7.

Hydronic system

7.1. Natural Convection and Low Temperature

Radiation Heating Systems

7.2. Panel Heating and Cooling

7.3. Fan Coils

7.4. Two Pipe Induction Systems

7.5. Water Source Heat Pumps


8.

Energy conservation measure

8.1. Energy Considerations for Buildings

8.2. ASHRAE Standard


8.3. Heat Recovery

8.4. Air-Side and Water-Side Economizers

8.5. Evaporative Cooling; 8.6. Control of Building

Pressure

9.

Cooling/heating load calculations 1

9.1. Estimation of Solar Radiation

9.2. Solar Radiation Through Fenestration -

Ventilation and Infiltration

4 Lecture and

Laboratory Works

10.

Cooling/heating load calculations 2

10.1. Heat Transfer through Buildings – Fabric Heat

Gain/Loss

10.2. Estimation of Required Cooling/Heating

Capacity

10.3. Selection of Air Conditioning Systems

6 Lecture and

Laboratory Works

11. Design of Ducts 3 Lecture and

Laboratory Works

12. Case Study 3 Field Work and

Laboratory Works


1.4. Energy Efficient Building Design (CC4)


Low energy design is to design buildings such that their form, fabric and interior spaces respond to the local

climate and utilize ambient energy to reduce load on building services. It will cover in detail passive building

design strategies for providing natural lighting, cooling and heating in buildings. Principles of building

physics that are required for understanding these have been introduced in earlier courses and in this

course specific strategies will be explained. Students will be familiarized with the key factors that need to be

considered while designing daylighting and design parameters that affect daylight factor distribution in a

space. An overview of the different techniques of enhancing daylighting in a building will be given to

students. Second part of the course will cover the subject of passive/low energy solar heating and cooling

systems. This will include an overview of the main design features of different types of systems, their

advantages and disadvantages and their applicability to different building types and climatic regions. At the

end of the course students will be able to develop an understanding of low energy building design to

provide natural lighting, cooling and heating in buildings.


1.

Introduction to energy efficient buildings

1.1. Definition and concepts

1.2. Energy and Water as a resource

1.3. Criticality of resources and needs of modern

living

1.4. Envelop heat loss and heat gain and its

evaluation

1.5. Thermal Comport improvement methods; 1.6.

Optimum performance

2 Lecture and

Tutorial

2.

Daylighting

2.1. Daylighting (concept, components, relationship

between daylight and human health and benefits of

daylighting)

2.2. Sky condition models and their characteristics

4 Lecture and

Tutorial

2.3. Parameters for daylighting design (critical indoor

illuminance, critical outdoor illuminance level,

daylight factor distribution and glare)

2.4. Parameters affecting daylighting factor (room

depth, height of the window head, shading devices,

glazing type, reflectance of room surfaces)

2.5. Daylighting components (intermediate light

spaces, interior light spaces, lateral pass-through

components, zenithal pass-through components,

global pass-through components)

2.6. Control elements

3.

Passive/low energy heating systems

3.1. Principle of passive heating

3.2. Types of passive heating systems

4 Lecture and

Tutorial

4.

Passive/low energy cooling systems

4.1. Building design strategies to reduce cooling

demand

4.2. Types of passive cooling systems (Natural

ventilation, evaporative cooling, indirect evaporative

and earth cooling systems)

5 Lecture and

Tutorial

5.

Building Performance Modeling

5.1. Introduction to simulation tools

5.2. Weather simulation and analysis tool (Climate

Analysis, Solar Exposure analysis, Passive

strategies through psychometric chart)

5.3. Solar study and Daylight analysis

5

Lecture, Tutorial

and Laboratory

Works

6. Assessment of Building energy performance 5 Lecture and

Tutorial

7

Environmental impact of building materials

7.1. Life cycle costing

7.2. Embodied energy in building materials

4 Lecture and

Tutorial

7.3. Renewable materials

7.4. Recycled materials

7.5. Environmental construction impact

7.6. Demolition and refurbishment

8. Energy efficiency standards for building design 6 Lecture and

Tutorial

9 Case Study 5 Field Work and

Laboratory Works


1.5. Building Standards (CC5)


1

Introductions

1.1. Introductions to buildings, types, components, codes,

philosophies, criteria’s, systems,

1.2. Building codes national and internationals

1.3. Code implementations past present and future

2 Lecture

2

Design Philosophy and Regulating Bodies

2.1. Introductions, governing bodies and practices

2.2. Existing and upcoming design philosophies

2.3. National code and standard regulating bodies and institutions

2.4. Efforts in implementation of codes in local areas

2.5. Scenario of existing buildings in context of code provision

requirements

4 Lecture

3

National Building Codes

3.1. Background information’s background of Nepal national building

code

3.2. Provisions of NBC, building code implementation in Nepal

3.3. Earthquake Safety Section

3.4. Stage-wise Building Permit Process

3.5. Supporting documents

3.6. Training programs

3.7. Onsite consultation for house owners and constructors

3.8. Public awareness programs

3.9. Publications

3.10. Action plan for building code implementation.

6 Lecture

4

Building Codes/Construction Standards and Permits

4.1. Introductions, national and international standards for the design

and theory behind them

4.2. Codes of residential construction

6 Lecture

4.3. Codes for earth buildings

4.4. Codes for steel buildings

4.5. Codes for high rise buildings

4.6. Codes for masonry and non-masonry buildings

4.7. Codes of load bearing buildings

4.8. Frames structures code

4.9. Code for earthquake considerations

4.10. Mandatory thumb rules

4.11. Code for loads, materials, design and others. (timber, steel,

earth and concrete constructions).

5

Types of Standards and Effectiveness

5.1. Civil standards

5.2. Architectural standards

5.3. Mechanical standards

5.4. Electrical standards

5.5. Structural standards

5.6. Commissioning. (timber, steel, earth and concrete constructions)

5.7. All the parts of the buildings from foundation soil treatment

5.8. Quality of materials

5.9. Material specifications

5.10. Workmanship considerations, foundation, superstructures,

internal components, roof, slab, floor. Frame structures, chimney,

staircase, elevator, accelerators, ramp, lift etc.

12 Lecture

6

Building Systems, Theory, and Managing the Building Process

6.1. Introductions, existing building systems, code provisions,

building systems

6.2. Team management for the building process

6.3. Building theory

6.4. Building materials specifications

6.5. Quality assurance and quality controls.

4 Lecture

7 Basic Requirements of The Buildings 4 Lecture

7.1. Introductions, ancient building scenario in Nepal

7.2. Building requirements such as safety, design considerations

7.3. Energy dissipations

7.4. Materials quality and specifications

7.5. Characteristics of the components of buildings

7.6. Design and maintenance specifications

7.7. Further improvement/ addition and expansion of the building

geometry specifications.

8

Substructures and Soil Foundation Interactions

8.1. Introduction of substructures in building systems

8.2. Soil parameters affection the design standards

8.3. Soil types

8.4. Foundation substrata standards

8.5. Effect of the foundation materials in the design philosophy

8.6. Type of structure based upon the substrata

8.7. Special consideration for soil foundation interactions

8.8. Protection against subsoil hazards

8.9. Special considerations.

4 Lecture

9

Earthquake Resistant Design Criteria and Standards for Earthquake

Mitigation in Nepal

9.1. Introduction to earthquake forces

9.2. Impact of the earthquake force as dynamic force in buildings

9.3. Criteria for earthquake resistant design of structures

9.4. General provisions and buildings

9.5. Guideline for earthquake resistant designs

9.6. Indian standards on Earthquake engineering.

4 Lecture

10

Case Study for Existing Buildings

10.1. Introductions of the existing building system, load transfer

mechanism

10.2. Material and design specifications

10.3. Building design philosophy

4

Lecture

and

Laboratory

Works

10.4. Building performance

10.5. Limit of the building extension

10,6. Code requirement cross check

10.7. Preparation of report, presentation of the report, submitting the

field investigated report and actual findings, recommendations and

conclusions.

11

Extended Provisions for the Building Standards

11.1. Identification of the problems, correctly addressing the

investigated problems, identification of the approximate solution of

the problems

11.2. Future demand in building standards in Nepal, summary and

conclusions.

2 Lecture

References:

1. Building Design and Construction Handbook, Sixth Edition, By: Frederick S. Merritt, Jonathan T.

Ricketts.

2. BUILDING CONSTRUCTION HANDBOOK Seventh Edition By: R. Chudley MCIOB and R. Greeno

BA (Hons) FCIOB FIPHE FRSA.

3. National Nepal building code NBC 105:1994. Seismic design of building in Nepal.

4. Scottish Building Standards in Brief. By: Ray Tricker & Rozz Algar

5. Building Constructions Standards for South Africa.

6. Australian and New Zealand Standard Industrial Classification (ANZSIC), 2006 (Revision 1.0)

7. Massachusetts Institute of Technology Department of Facilities Building Systems Design

Handbook

8. Urban Planning & Development Act, Building Code for Nepal, 2072

9. United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), Nepal Comprehensive Disaster Risk

Management Programme.

2. Elective Courses (Code: EC)

2.1. Low Temperature Solar Thermal Technology (EC1)


Course Objective:

This course aim at providing specialized knowledge about solar thermal collector systems used for various

applications and its economic aspects. The students should be able to select various types of solar energy

collector systems and its application. Students will be equipped with the analysis technique and tools for

the solar energy collector system design and calculations.

Course Details:

S.N. TOPICS/CHAPTERS HOURS REMARKS

1

Solar Collectors

1.1. Overview of solar collectors’ technology and its

applications

1.2. Energy collections and heat transfer in solar collectors

1.3. Material characteristics and absorption coating in

collectors

1.4. Design and simulation

1.5. Storage Tank

10 Lecture and

Tutorial

2

Solar Water Heating System

2.1. Integral collector storage system

2.2. Thermosyphon system

2.3. Open loop, drain down, drain back systems

5 Lecture and

Tutorial

3

Solar Space Heating System

3.1. Liquid type solar heating system with and without storage

3.2. Heat storage configuration and heat delivery methods

3.3. Air type solar heating system

5 Lecture and

Tutorial

4 Solar Cooling System

4.1. Solar refrigeration and air conditioning system 4

Lecture and

Tutorial

5

Other Solar Applications

5.1. Solar cooking, distillation, pasteurization and solar ponds

5.2. Solar passive building architecture

5.3. Solar drying

6 Lecture and

Tutorial

6

Solar Economics

6.1. Feasibility analysis of solar systems

6.2. Solar energy policy and project alternatives

4 Lecture and

Tutorial

7 Hands-on Experiment 6 Lecture and

Laboratory Works

8 Case Study 6 Lecture and

Laboratory Works

Learning Outcomes:

Upon completion of this course, students should be able to explain various solar thermal technologies and

its application. They should be able to design, calculate and do basic economic analysis of various solar

energy systems.

References:

Duffie, A.J., Beckman, A. W. Solar Engineering of Thermal Processes, John Wiley and Sons, 2013.

Sukhatme and Nayak, Solar Energy: Principles of Thermal Collection and Storage, Tata McGraw Hill, 2008.

Garg, H.P., Dayal, M., Furlan, G. Physics and Technology of Solar Energy – Volume 1: Solar Thermal

Applications, Springer, 2007.

Garg, H.P., Mullick, S.C., Bhargava, A.K., Reidal, D. Solar Thermal Energy Storage, Springer, 2005.

2.2. Energy Audit and Management (EC2)


General philosophy and need of Energy Audit and Management. Definition and Objective of Energy

Management, General Principles of Energy Management, Energy Management Skills, Energy Management

Strategy. Energy Audit: Need, Types, Methodology and Approach. Energy Management Approach,

Understanding Energy Costs, Bench marking, Energy performance, Matching energy usage to

requirements, maximizing system efficiency, Optimizing the input energy requirements, Fuel and Energy

substitution.

S.N. DESCRIPTION HOURS MODE

1. General Aspects

2 Lecture

2.

Procedures and Techniques

2.1. Data gathering

2.2. Analytical techniques

2.3. Evaluation of saving opportunities

2.4. Energy Audit Reporting

4 Lecture and Field

Works

3.

Energy Balance & MIS

3.1. First law of efficiency and Second law of

efficiency

3.2. Facility as an Energy system

3.3. Methods for preparing process flow, Materials

and Energy Balance diagram

3.4. Identification of losses and Improvements

3.5. Energy Balance sheet and Management

Information System (MIS)

3.6. Energy Modeling and Optimization.

6 Lecture and

Tutorial

4.

Economic Analysis and Financial Management

4.1. Objectives, Investment needs, appraisal and

criteria, sources of funds

4.2. Anatomy of investment – Initial investment,

6 Lecture and

Tutorial

Return on Investment, Economic life, Basic income

equations

4.3. Tax considerations: Depreciation, types and

methods of depreciation, Income tax Considerations

4.4. Financial analysis: Simple payback period,

Return on investment (ROI), Net Present value

(NPV), Internal Rate of Return (IRR), and Annualized

cost, Time value of money, Cash flows, Discounting,

Inflation Risk and sensitivity analysis, financing

options, Pros and cons of the common methods of

analysis.

5.

Project Management

5.1. Definition and scope of project, technical design,

financing, contracting, implementation and

performance monitoring

5.2 Implementation plan for top management,

Planning budget, Procurement procedures,

construction, Measurements and verification

4 Lecture and

Tutorial

6.

Energy Monitoring, Targeting Review and Evaluation

6.1. Definition – Monitoring and targeting, elements of

monitoring and targeting

6.2 data and information analysis techniques

6.3 energy consumption, production, cumulative sum of

difference (CUSUM); Review and evaluation.

4 Lecture and

Tutorial

7 Energy Policy 4 Lecture

8.

Energy Audit Instruments

8.1. Basic measurements – Electrical measurements,

Light, Pressure, Temperature and heat flux, Velocity

and Flow rate, Vibrations, etc.

8.2. Instruments used in Energy systems: Load and

power factor measuring equipment, Wattmeter, flue gas

5 Lecture and

Tutorial

analysis, Temperature and thermal loss measurements,

air quality analysis etc.

8.3. Mathematical and statistical modeling and analysis.

9 Case Study 5 Field Work and

Laboratory Works


2.3. Building Renovation (EC3)

S.N. CHAPTER HOURS REMARKS

1

Introduction

1.1. Definition of sustainability

1.2. Requirement of sustainability

1.3. Importance of existing building

1.4. Benefit of sustainable renovate

1.5. Codes and standards, criteria’s and documents.

2

Lecture

and

Tutorial

2

Building and its components

2.1. Foundations, floor, wall, ceilings, roofing, openings, frames, wood,

masonry, concrete, steel and other metals, wirings

2.2. Other service and pipelines in buildings.

2

Lecture

and

Tutorial

3

Assessment of existing buildings

3.1. Introductions, criteria for assessment

3.2. Types of buildings

3.3. Related specification and codes

3.4. Temporary evaluation, final evaluation.

4

Lecture

and

Tutorial

4

Repairing of components

4.1. Introductions, removing and clearing sites

4.2. Repairing of basements, staircases, repair of failed masonry wall,

chimneys, various roof parts, claddings etc.

6

Lecture

and

Tutorial

5

Design of whole building

5.1. Introduction, existing building context, understanding existing building

strategy

5.2. Modern building code implementation.

4

Lecture

and

Tutorial

6

Facility management upgrade

6.1. Introduction, immediate improvement

6.2. Green-operation and maintenance.

4

Lecture

and

Tutorial

7 Building envelope redesign

7.1. Introduction 4

Lecture

and

7.2. Air infiltration losses

7.3. Insulation strategies

7.4. Pre-war/ancient buildings

7.5. Mid-century modern buildings

7.6. Late modern buildings.

Tutorial

8

Replacement in building systems

8.1. Introduction, building system needs, ancient building systems,

modern mid buildings, late modern building systems.

4

Lecture

and

Tutorial

9

Construction operations

9.1. Introduction, initial construction activities, construction debris,

occupied rehabs, commissioning.

4

Lecture

and

Tutorial

10

Building materials

10.1. Introductions, environmentally beneficial products

10.2. Low emitting materials, ancient buildings, mid era buildings, late

modern buildings.

4

Lecture

and

Tutorial

11

High performance renovation

11.1. Introductions, retrofitting active energy systems

11.2. Waste water strategies

11.3. Passive house design and existing building designs.

4

Lecture

and

Tutorial

12

The future of renovation

12.1. Introductions, energy conservation and building lifecycle strategy

12.2. Deconstruction, summery.

2

Lecture

and

Tutorial

References:

1) SUSTAINABLE RENOVATION STRATEGIES for THE COMMERCIAL BUILDING SYSTEMS and

ENVELOPE. By: LISA GELFAND and CHRIS DUNKAN

2) The Visual Handbook of Building and Remodeling. By, Charlie Wing

3) Building Conversion and Renovation. By: Arian Mostaedi.

4) THE SUSTAINABLE HOME: The Essential Guide to Eco Building, Renovation and decoration.

Book by Cathy Strongman

2.4. Building Structural Physics (EC4)

S.N. DESCRIPTION HOURS

1

Introduction

1.1. Introduction to building structure

1.2. The potential for structure to enrich architecture

1.3. Experiencing structure

1.4. Structure & its degree of exposure

1.5. Relationship between architectural & structural form

2

Lecture

and

Tutorial

2

Loads

2.1. External loads

2.2. Internal forces: Axial, Shear, Bending, Torsion

2.3. Static Equilibrium

2.4. Simple analysis: Support conditions

2.5. Common beam formulae: Simply supported beam formulae for common

load cases, fully fixed beam formulae for common load cases, Cantilevering

beam with eccentric loads, uniformly loaded horizontal cable formulae

6

Lecture

and

Tutorial

3

Material Properties

3.1. Stress: Elements under axial stress, Shear stress in beam under

bending, Bending stress in beam under bending, Element under torsion,

Reinforced concrete beam section

3.2. Strain: Types of strain, Stress-strain graph

3.3. Steel properties

3.4. Concrete properties

3.5. Timber properties

6

Lecture

and

Tutorial

4

Sectional Properties

4.1. Bending: Stress distribution across cross-section of beam in bending

4.2. Axial compression: Effective lengths of columns with differing end

restraints

4.3. Deflection

4

Lecture

and

Tutorial

5 Structure 6 Lecture

5.1. Categories of structures: Form active, Vector active, Surface active,

Section active

5.2. Stability: Tolerance of wind & seismic loads, Rigid framed structures,

Rigid frame under vertical & lateral loads, pinned frame under lateral loads

forming mechanisms, Floor slab acting as diaphragm, Braced framed

structure, Cellular structures, Structures inherently resistant to lateral forces

and

Tutorial

6

Structural Forms

6.1. Basic structural elements: Footings, Columns, Beams, Slabs, Walls,

Trusses

6.2. Floor & roof systems: Bearing wall systems, One-way & two-way slab

systems, Two-way flat plates & flat slabs, Grid floors, Composite floors

6.3. Lateral load resisting systems: Rigid or moment resisting frames, Shear-

walled frame systems, Outrigger & Belt truss system, Framed tube systems,

Braced, tube systems, Tube-in-tube & Bundled tube systems, Diagrid

systems.

6.4. Structural Integrity

10

Lecture

and

Tutorial

7

Basis of Structural Design

7.1. Introduction to structural design

7.2. Roles & responsibilities of designer

7.3. Design considerations: Safety, Stability, Serviceability, Economy,

Durability, Aesthetics, Environment friendliness, Functional requirements,

Ductility

7.4. Codes & Specifications

7.5. Design philosophies

5

Lecture

and

Tutorial

8

Conceptual Design of Buildings for Earthquake Resistance

8.1. Principles of seismic design

8.2. General principles of conceptual seismic design: Structural simplicity,

Uniformity, symmetry & redundancy, Bi-directional resistance & stiffness,

Torsional resistance & stiffness, Diaphragmatic behavior at Storey level,

Adequate foundation

8.3. Regularity & irregularity of building structures: Irregularity or regularity in

6

Lecture

and

Tutorial

plan, Irregularity or regularity in elevation

Total 45

2.5. Retrofitting Buildings to Save Energy (EC5)

S.N. DESCRIPTION HOURS REMARKDS

1

Introduction

1.1. Introduction to retrofitting

1.2. Retrofitting versus demolition

1.3. General criteria for retrofitting

2 Lecture and

Tutorial

2

Making Sustainable Refurbishment of Existing Buildings Financially

Viable

2.1. Reasons for refurbishment: Reduced capital expenditure, Speedy

planning process, Quick to market, Greater tax relief, Removal of

‘planning gain’ type requirements, Sustainable solution-reduced carbon

footprint, Unlocking hidden value

2.2. Suitability of building for retrofitting: Building orientation & massing,

Slab-to-slab height, Structural grids & floor loadings, Vertical circulations

& services distribution, Relationship to neighbors, Floor plate width

2.3. Levels of refurbishment: Building condition/risks – structural

constraints, asbestos, concrete repairs, etc., External walls – repair or

replace, Mechanical and electrical services strategy, Layout and

potential for extension/floor plate optimization, what occupiers want and

what they can afford

2.4. Value-based decisions

3 Lecture and

Tutorial

3

Retrofitting for comfort and indoor environmental quality

3.1. Environmental comfort: Thermal comfort, Adaptive comfort

3.2. The building fabric & components: Thermal insulation, Thermal

mass, Glazing, Shading

3.3. Natural ventilation: Functions of ventilation, Indoor air quality

3.4. Noise & room acoustics: Conflicts with natural ventilation,

Reverberation and exposure of thermal mass

3.5. Services and controls – air conditioning: Sick Building Syndrome,

Heat emitters, Artificial lighting (and integration with daylight), Controls,

4 Lecture and

Tutorial

4

Planning a retrofit

4.1. Building & planning regulations

4.2. Materials

4.3. Project stages: Scope of project, Surveying the dwelling, Selection

of interventions, Installation works, Commissioning & handover

3

Lecture and

Tutorial

5

Roofs

5.1. Roof types: Pitched roofs, Flat roofs, Applicable retrofit methods

5.2. Insulation methods: General, Cold pitched roof- insulation at ceiling,

Cold pitched roof- insulation at rafters, Warm pitched roof, Flat roof- cold

deck, Flat roof- warm deck

5 Lecture and

Tutorial

6

Walls

6.1. Wall types: Hollow block wall, Cavity wall, Solid wall, Timber frame,

Steel frame, Applicable retrofit methods

6.2. Insulation methods: General, External wall insulation, Internal wall

insulation, Cavity wall insulation

5 Lecture and

Tutorial

7

Openings

7.1. Opening types: Windows, Doors, Roof lights & dormers

7.2. Retrofit measures: General design considerations, Draughtproofing,

Secondary glazing, blinds, shutters & curtains, Re-glazing, Window &

door replacement

5 Lecture and

Tutorial

8

Floors

8.1. General: Ground supported concrete floor, Suspended precast

concrete floor, Suspended timber floor, Applicable retrofit methods

8.2. Insulation methods: General, Under floor insulation, Over floor

insulation, Replacement floor & insulation,

4 Lecture and

Tutorial

9

Ventilation

9.1. Traditional forms of ventilation: Window & door openings,

Background ventilation, Adventitious ventilation

9.2. Improvement methods: General, Natural ventilation with intermittent

extract fans, Passive Stack Ventilation (PSV) systems, Single room heat

recovery ventilators (SRHRV), Mechanical extract ventilation (MEV)

4 Lecture and

Tutorial

10

Heating & Hot Water Systems

10.1. Preliminary considerations: Types of traditional heating system,

Identification of current heating system

10.2. Heating and Hot water demand: Space heating demand, Water

heating demand

10.3. Heating and hot water system improvements and replacement

choices: Improvements to existing systems, Replacement fuel/energy

source, Replacement systems, Replacement choice

10.4. Gas boilers: Options, Design considerations, Installation

considerations

10.5. Oil boilers: Options, Design considerations, Installation

considerations

10.6. Solid fuel boilers: Options, Design considerations, Installation

considerations

10.7. Electric heating systems: Options, Design considerations,

Installation considerations

10.8. Warm air systems

10.9. Water heating: Options, Design considerations, Installation

considerations

10.10. Room heaters

10.11. Heating pipework and heat distribution/emitter systems: Options,

Design considerations, Installation considerations

10.12. Controls: Options, Design considerations, Installation

considerations

10.13. Final steps: Commissioning, Customer advice, Servicing

10.14. Non-traditional space heating and water heating systems: Solar

thermal hot water, Heat pumps, Micro-CHP

6 Lecture and

Tutorial

11

Residential Lighting

11.1. Existing types of lighting: General indoor lighting, Directional indoor

lighting, Outdoor lighting

11.2. Lighting technology: Types of lamps, Luminaires, Lighting controls

4 Lecture and

Tutorial

11.3. Retrofit measures: Lamp replacement, Luminaire replacements,

Improvements to controls, Replacement of the entire lighting system

Total 45

2.6. Illumination Engineering (EC6)


Course Objectives:

To introduce the fundamental concept of illumination, lighting technology and its different management and

design.


1

Introduction

1.1. Historical Information

1.2. Current Market Status

1.3. Future Market

2 Lecture

2

Vision, Photometry and Colorimetry

2.1. Human vision and relative luminous efficiency function

2.2. Radiometric and photometric units

2.3. CIE color matching function

2.4. CIE chromaticity diagram

2.5. Color property of light

2.6. Color rendering index

2.7. Lighting measurement standards and technology

8

Lecture

and

Tutorial

3

Optics

3.1. Optical characteristics of light

3.2. Illumination distribution

3.3. Luminaire optical characteristics’ and control

3.4. Laboratory works on measurement of optical characteristics

4+4

Lecture,

Tutorial

and

Laboratory

Works

4

Lighting Technologies

4.1. Light Source

4.2. Luminaire

4.3. Components of lighting system

4.4. Lighting Control

10+2

Lecture,

Tutorial

and

Laboratory

Works

4.5. Day Lighting

4.6. Lighting Standards

4.7. Indoor and outdoor lighting system

4.8. Street lighting

4.9. Landscape lighting

4.10. Laboratory exercise on demonstration of light source working

mechanism and characteristic

5

Lighting Management

5.1. Energy efficient lighting technology

5.2. Energy efficient lighting policy and management

5.3. Lighting control and intelligent lighting technology

5.4. Day light utilization

5.5. Efficient lighting case studies

12

Lecture

and

Tutorial

6

Lighting Design

6.1. Lighting design criteria

6.2. Principal and process

6.3. Standards for interior and exterior lighting design

4

Lecture

and

Tutorial

7

Lighting Simulation

7.1. Introduction to computer aided lighting design

7.2. Correlating architectural and lighting design

7.3. Interior and exterior lighting design using DiaLux

7.4. Laboratory exercise on lighting simulation and design using DiaLux.

8+6

Lecture,

Tutorial

and

Laboratory

Works

References:

Csele, Mark. Fundamental of Light Sources and Lasers. New Jersey. Wiley, 2004.

Jack L. Lindsey, Scott C. Dunning, Applied Illumination Engineering. Marcel Dekker Inc, 2010.

2.7. Solid State Lighting (EC7)


Course Objectives:

To introduce the concept of Solid State Lighting and impart the skills necessary for implementing light

emitting diode in various sectors of illumination.


1

Introduction

1.1. History of LED technology

1.2. Current Market Status

1.3. Future Market

2

Lecture

and

Tutorial

2

Lighting Theory

2.1. Vision

2.2. Photometry

2.3. Colorimetry

2.4. Optical Characteristics

2.5. Laws of Lighting

2.6. Laboratory exercise on measurement of optical characteristics.

8

Lecture,

Tutorial

and

Laboratory

Works

3

Basic of Solid State Lighting

3.1. Electroluminescence and radiant efficiency

3.2. Radiative recombination

3.3. Hetero-structure and quantum well

3.4. Semiconductor material system for high brightness LED

4

Lecture

and

Tutorial

4

White Light Emitting Diode

4.1. WLED Basics

4.2. Color Mixing

4.3. Phosphor technology and emission spectrum and dichromatic

4.4. Polychromatic phosphor technology

4.5. LED Electrical characteristics

8+4

Lecture,

Tutorial

and

Laboratory

Works

4.6. Laboratory exercise on measurement of LED electrical characteristics

5

Light Extraction from LED

5.1. LED structure

5.2. Light extraction principle

5.3. Arrangement of escape cone and substrate

5.4. Material system for transparent substrate

5.5. Distributed Bragg reflector and shaped and plane-walled chip

8

Lecture

and

Tutorial

6

LED driver circuits and luminary design

6.1. LED V-I characteristic

6.2. LED ballast

6.3. Closed loop control mechanism for LED and LED luminary design

6.4. Power system design techniques

6.5. LED driving integrated circuits

6.6. Laboratory exercise on LED driver design

8+4

Lecture,

Tutorial

and

Laboratory

Works

7

LED measurements

7.1. Optical and electrical characteristic measurement techniques

7.2. Standards (ASSIST, CIE, ANSI and IESNA) for WLED measurement

and measurement instruments and their significance

6+4

Lecture

and

Tutorial

8.

Application of Solid State Lighting

8.1. Domestic, commercial, medical, automobile and signaling application

of LED

8.2. Development status

8.3. Contemporary application

8.4. Application of LED in developed and developing country and

economic analysis

4

Lecture

and

Tutorial

References:

Zukauskas, A., M.S. Shur, and R. Gaska. Introduction to Solid State Lighting. New York: Wiley. 2003.

Schubert, Fred E. Light Emitting Diodes. 2nd edition. New York. Cambridge University Press, 2006.

2.8. Energy Management and Technology MPOE 502 (EC8)


Course Contents:


1

Basic Thermodynamics on the physical basis of energy management

1.1. Brief on energy, forms of energy

1.2. Heat Engines and other processes

1.3. Chemical Energy and Fuels including biomass, heating value,

combustion equipment, energy characterization.

1.4. Energy Efficiencies and Thermodynamic values of energy, Energy

quality

1.5. Exergy and anergy, irreversibility; Physical and Chemical Exergy

1.6. Energy and Exergy Analysis; Use of energy and exergy

20

Lecture,

Tutorial

and

Laboratory

Works

2

Energy and Society

2.1. Main Issues of the world energy situation

2.2. Different energy systems and their structure

2.3. Extraction / Production, Transport and end use

2.4. Energy and Power

2.5. Integration of new energy carriers and sources

2.6. Line-bound and non-line-bound systems

2.7. Energy and exergy analysis for large enterprises and regions

2.8. Utilization of Solar Energy, Geothermal, Bioenergy, Saline Power and

other renewable sources

2.9. Economics and energy; Energy and Ethics

25

Lecture,

Tutorial

and

Laboratory

Works

2.9. Solar Photovoltaic systems (EC9)


Course Contents:


1

Solar Radiation Analysis and Sun spectrum analysis

1.1. Introduction of light spectrum, radiation types

1.2. Introduction to Sun structure and behaviors

6

Lecture,

Tutorial

and

Laboratory

Works

2 Evolution of Solar PV Technology

2.1. Historical background and rise of PV system and solar energy 4

Lecture

and

Tutorial

3.

Meteorology and Climatic Conditions

3.1. Potential and scope of utilizing solar energy (geographical and

meteorological point of view)

5

Lecture,

Tutorial

and

Laboratory

Works

4.

Fundamentals of Solar PV Technologies:

4.1. Basic PV Components.

4.2. Concept of Cell, modules and arrays.

4.3. PV measurements, data and estimations.

4.4. Types of Solar PV technologies.

4.5. PV Cells Architecture and fabrications

8

Lecture,

Tutorial

and

Laboratory

Works

5.

Energy Storage Devices:

5.1. Battery technologies.

5.2. Pump Hydro Systems.

5.3. Super charged storages.

5.4. Compressed Air Storage.

5.5. Fuel Cells, etc.

6

Lecture,

Tutorial

and

Laboratory

Works

6.

Designing and installing SOLAR PV Systems:

6.1. Designing considerations.

6.2. Component determination

6.3. PV Syst. (software based designs)

6.4. Design of RAPS, Solar home system, Stand Alone system, Hybrid

system and grid connectivity.

10

Lecture,

Tutorial

and

Laboratory

Works

7,

Life Cycle, Energy Payback Time and carbon dioxide emissions

Codes and Standards for PV system (IEEE Standards)

National Policy and Scenario for Solar PV Systems (Case Studies)

6

Lecture,

Tutorial

and

Laboratory

Works

References:

‘Solar Energy Utilization’, G.D Rai; Khanna Publications.

‘Development of PV grid connected plants in Kathmandu, Nepal’. Technical Report by KU, TU and SUPSI

(2009)

‘Renewable and Efficient Electrical Power Systems’, Gilbert M. Masters; Wiley- Inter Science (ch7, 8 and

9).

‘Modeling and analysis of PV, Thermal and Electrochemical Solar Energy Systems’, R.A Adomatis (2013).

‘Solar Cells: operation principles, technology and system application’, Martin A. Green (Unv. of NSW).

‘Principles of Solar Engineering’, D. Yogi Goswami, Taylor and Francis (2000).

2.10. Biomass engineering (EC10)


Course Contents:


1

Natural Energy and Biomass: Post Petroleum Energy and Materials

1.1. World Population and Environment

1.2. Energy and Environmental Issues

4

Lecture

and

Tutorial

2

Natural Energy

2.1. Main Sources of Natural Energy

2.2. Characteristics of Natural Energy (Density, Storability, Dynamics)

4

Lecture

and

Tutorial

3.

Biomass Resources

3.1. Principles of Biomass Utilization

3.2. Biomass Energy

3.3. Biomass Material

3.4. Environmental Considerations

3.5. Biomass Systems

6

Lecture

and

Tutorial

4.

Energy and the Environment

4.1. Energy and Carbon Dioxide

4.2. Methodology

4.3. Production Systems for Lower Emissions

4.4. Energy Input and Output

4.5. Effects of Climate Change

5

Lecture

and

Tutorial

5.

Biomass Liquid Fuels

5.1. General Properties of Ethanol

5.2. Properties of Ethanol as a Fuel

5.3. Raw Materials for Ethanol

5.4. Principle and process of Ethanol Fermentation

5.5. Ethanol Distillation Technology

5.6. Methanol (Basic Characteristics)

10

Lecture

and

Tutorial

5.7. Vegetable Oils and Their Esters (biodiesel)

5.8. Chemistry of Vegetable Oils

5.9. Merits and demerits of Biodiesel

5.10. Production of Biodiesel

5.11. Catalytic transesterification Method and types.

5.12. Merits and demerits of catalytic transesterification methods

5.13. Supercritical Alcohol transesterification

5.14. Merits and demerits of supercritical alcohol transesterification

5.15. Other Hybrid Methods

6.

Biomass Gas Fuels

6.1. Outline of Methane Fermentation Technology

6.2. Principles of Methane Fermentation

6.3. Required Operational Condition for Methane Fermentation

6.4. Kinetic Analysis of Methane Fermentation

6.5. On-Site Methane Fermentation Technology

6.6. Pyrolysis Gas

6.7. Overview of Gasification Technology

6.8. Chemistry of Gasification

6.9. Gasification Reactors

6.10. Gas Utilization

8

Lecture

and

Tutorial

7,

Solid Fuels

7.1. Fuel Wood and Charcoal

7.2. Organic Residues

7.3. Energy Crops

4

Lecture

and

Tutorial

8.

Biomass Feedstock

8.1. Biocrude Oil

8.2. Bioplastics

8.3. Chemical Ingredients from Biomass

4

Lecture

and

Tutorial

References:

CIGR Handbook of Agricultural Engineering Volume V, Energy and Biomass Engineering; Edited by CIGR–

The International Commission of Agricultural Engineering.

‘Characteristic Analysis of Pig Fat to biodiesel conversion using Supercritical Alcohols’, Masters’ Thesis,

Malesh Shah, The Graduate School of Kongju National University Department of Environmental

Engineering (August 2013).

Course Information Booklet for Masters Course on Energy ...

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