04/10/2012 1 CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, Utrecht CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, Utrecht Course FOOD and AIRBORNE FUNGI Course leaders and assistants Rob Samson Jos Houbraken Tineke van Doorn Martin Meijer Neriman Yilmaz Telephone, fax and Email Telephone 030 2122600 Telefax 030 2512097 CBS has a wireless network for laptops (ask password) Programme of the course
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CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, UtrechtCBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, Utrecht
Course
FOOD and AIRBORNE FUNGI
Course leaders and assistants
Rob Samson Jos Houbraken Tineke van Doorn Martin Meijer Neriman Yilmaz
Telephone, fax and Email
Telephone 030 2122600 Telefax 030 2512097
CBS has a wireless network for laptops (ask password)
3 course menu is Euro 19.75For some dishes there is an extra charge
Course from 9.00-17.00 Lecture mostly starting 10.00
and 15.30 Coffee and tea breaks Lunch 13.00-13.30
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Lunch 13.00
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CBS rules Please wear name badges all the time No smoking or food in the laboratory Please wear laboratory coat when possible NO mobile phones in the course room Use only one strain each time and return
the plates Do not leave the plates open to avoid
release of spores in the air Be careful with the burners and put them
off when you are not using it Try to work with your neighbour(s)
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Pro
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urse Introduction to the fungal flora of
food and the indoor environment Introduction to the important
groups of Zygomycetes, Ascomycetes and Deuteromycetes Microscopical examination of
cultures Lectures on applied aspects
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Baarn
Utrecht
AmsterdamAmsterdam
Rotterdam
CBS was founded in 1904and is since 1968 an institute ofthe Royal Netherlands Academyof Arts and Sciences. The institute moved in December 2000 from Baarn to Utrecht
Frits Went (1863-1935) professor in botany at the
University of Utrecht
The initiator of CBS
Prof. Johanna Westerdijk(1883-1961)
Phytopathologist andthe first female professorin the Netherlands
Centraalbureau voor Schimmelcultures
the oldest and largest culture collection of filamentous fungi and yeasts Since 2001 also including the NCCB
bacteria and phages collections more than 65.000 strains are preserved
for long-term maintenance
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• Applied and Industrial Mycology (R.A. Samson) • Bioinformatics group (V. Robert) • Fungal Physiology (R. de Vries) • Origin of Pathogenicity in Clinical Fungi (G.S. de Hoog)• Collection, Preservation and Digitalisation (G. Verkleij) • Evolutionary Phytopathology (P.W. Crous) • Yeast and Basidiomycete Research (T. Boekhout)
Research programmes
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Penicillium roqueforti on rye bread
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Bathroom
Pathogenic Fungi
There are relatively very few fungi which are dangerous for man and animalsHowever when the immune system is affected opportunistic species which can commonly occur become pathogenic
Aspergillus fumigatus
mostly not common in indoorenvironments
important in clinical environments
when present, it can be easily be detected in air samples
incubation temperature important
quantitative data should be treated carefully
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Penicilllium chrysogenum
An important and useful mould because of the production of the antibiotic penicillin Very common species on food and in indoor environments can produce several mycotoxins
Deuteromycetes belong either to the Ascomycetes or Basidiomycetes but they do not have a sexual form (teleomorph): Penicillium, Aspergillus, Cladosporium
Yeasts are Ascomycetes or Basidiomycetes
Zygomycota or Zygomycetes
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Rhizopus stolonifer
rhizoids
stolon
Rhizopus
apophysis
columella
Sexual production in the Zygomycetes
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Ascomycota; Ascomycetes Diverse group of fungi, multiplying in a
yeast-like manner without fruit-bodies or produce mycelium with fruit-bodies (= ascomata)
Worldwide distribution; soil, dung, plants, food and feed
Saprobes or parasites to humans, animals, plants
In food or indoor environments a limited number of genera occur and are mostly very simple.
Eurotium: ascoma and asci
Ascoma (cleistothecium)
Ascus with ascospores
Sexual reproduction in the Ascomycetes
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Ascospores of Eurotium herbariorum
Emericella nidulans
Anamorph: Aspergillus nidulans
Hülle cells
Deuteromycetes or anamorphic fungi
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Conidiogenesis
Conidiogenesis = the mode of conidium formation Conidia = specialized non-motile
Identification of moulds There are presently no fast methods for
identification of genus or species Morphological examination is essential New molecular approaches are developed The new morphological data show that some
common species are species complexes Examples are Fusarium, Cladosporium,
Aspergillus In Penicillium and Aspergillus a polyphasic
approach is used, combining morphology, biochemistry and molecular data (for example β-tubulin and calmodulin sequences)
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Beta tubulin phylogeny of section Fumigati
N. hiratsukae CBS 294.93
N. multiplicata CBS 646.95
A. unilateralis CBS 126.56
A. turcosus KACC 42091
N. assulata KACC 41691
N. tatenoi CBS 407.93
N. pseudofischeri CBS 208.92
N. nishimurae IFM 54133
A. clavatus CBS 513.65
N. aurata CBS 466.65N. stramenia CBS 498.65
N. galapagensis CBS 117522
N. fennelliae CBS 598.74N. denticulata CBS 652.73a
N. ferenczii NRRL 4179N. glabra CBS 111.55
N. udagawae CBS 114217N. aureola CBS 105.55
A. viridinutans CBS 127.56
A. novofumigatus IBT 16806A. fumigatiaffinis IBT 12703
A. fumisynnematus IFM 42277A. lentulus FH5
A. fumigatus CBS 133.61N. fischeri CBS 544.65
N. spinosa CBS 483.65A. laciniosa KACC 41657
N. coreana KACC 41659
A. duricaulis CBS 481.65A. brevipes CBS 118.53
N. quadricincta CBS 135.52
N. spathulata CBS 408.89
86
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9985
100
86
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95
100
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100
N. papuensis CBS 841.96
N. australensis CBS 112.55
N. warcupii NRRL 35723
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Introduction to the Zygomycetes Microscopical examination of