Course File - BLDEACET

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B.L.D.E.A’s

Vachana Pitamaha Dr. P.G. Halakatti

College of Engineering & Technology,

Vijaypur – 586 103.

Course File

2017-2018

Semester – VIII

Department of Civil Engineering

Name:

USN:

Roll No.

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VISIVESHWARAIAH TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY, BELGAUM

SCHEME OF TEACHING AND EXAMINATION

VIII SEMESTER CIVIL ENGINEERING

Sl.

No Course Sub Code Page No’s

1 Advanced Concrete Technology

10 CV 81 01 to 20

2 Design and Drawing of Steel Structures 10 CV 82 21 to 44

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Advanced Pre-stressed Concrete Structures

* Elective – IV : (Group D) 10 CV 831 45 to 70

4

Earthquake Resistant Design of Structures

* Elective – IV : (Group D) 10CV834 71 to 88

5

Industrial Waste Water Treatment

* Elective – IV : (Group D) 10CV835 89 to 112

6 Urban Transport Planning

*Elective – V : (Group E) 10CV843 113 to 136

NOTE: The syllabus of theory subjects has been divided into eight units.

Scheme of Examination for Theory Papers: question paper shall be consisting of eight full questions. The

student has to answer any five. Selecting at least two from each part.

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ADVANCED CONCRETE TECHNOLOGY

Subject Code :10CV81 IA Marks :25

No. of lecture hours/week : 04 Exam Hours :03

Total No. of lecture hours : 52 Exam Marks :100

PART - A

UNIT - 1

Importance Bogue’s compounds, Structure of hydrated cement paste, Volume of Hydrated product, porosity

of paste and concrete, transition zone, Elastic modulus, factors affecting strength and elasticity of concrete,

Rheology of concrete in terms of Bingham’s parameter.

7 Hours

UNIT-2

CHEMICAL ADMIXTURES

Mechanism of chemical admixtures, Plasticizers and super plasticizers and effect on concrete property in

fresh and hardened state, Marsh cone test for optimum dosage of super plasticizer, retarder, accelerator, Air-

entraining admixtures, new generation super plasticizer

MINERAL ADMIXTURES

Fly ash, Silica fume, GGBS, and their effect on concrete property in fresh state and hardened state.

6 Hours

UNIT3

MIX DESIGN

Factors affecting mix design, design of concrete mix by BIS method using IS 10262 -2009 and current

American (ACI/British (BS)) methods. Provisions in revised IS 10262-2009

6 Hours

UNIT 4

DURABILITY OF CONCRETE

Introduction, Permeability of concrete, chemical attack, acid attack, efflorescence, Corrosion in concrete,

Thermal conductivity, Thermal diffusivity, specific heat, Alkali aggregate reaction, IS 456-2000 requirement

for durability 7 Hours

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PART-B

UNIT-5

RMC concrete-manufacture, transporting, placing, precautions, Methods of concreting, pumping, under water

concreting, short Crete, High volume fly ash concrete concept, properties, typical mix.

Self compacting concrete concept, materials, tests, properties, application and typical mix

6 Hours

UNIT-6

Fiber reinforced concrete- Fibers types and properties, Behavior of FRC in compression, tension including

pre-cracking stage and post-cracking stages, behavior in flexure and shear, Ferro cement – materials,

techniques of manufacture, properties and application

7 Hours

UNIT-7

Light weight concrete- materials, properties and types, Typical light weight concrete mix High density

concrete and high performance concrete-materials, properties and application, typical mix

6 Hours

UNIT-8

Test on hardened concrete- Effect of end condition of specimen, capping, H/D ratio, rate of loading, moisture

condition. Compression, tension and flexure tests. Tests on composition of hardened concrete-cement

content, original W/C ratio. NDT tests concepts-Rebound hammer, pulse velocity methods.

7 Hours

TEXT BOOKS:

1. Properties of Concrete- Neville, A.M. - ELBS Edition, Longman Ltd., London

2. Concrete Technology- M.S. Shetty

3. Concrete- P.K. Mehta, P J M Monteiro,- Prentice Hall, New Jersey (Special Student Edition by

Indian Concrete Institute Chennai)

4. ACI Code for Mix Design

5. IS 10262-2004

6. Concrete Mix Design- N. Krishna Raju - Sehgal Publishers

7. Concrete Manual- Gambhir M.L.- DhanpatRai& Sons, New Delhi

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REFERENCE BOOKS:

1. Advanced Concrete Technology Processes- John Newman, Ban SengChoo, - London.

2. Advanced Concrete Technology Constituent materials- John Newman, Ban SengChoo-

London

3. Non-Destructive Test and Evaluation of Materials- J.Prasad, C G K Nair,-McGraw Hill.

4. High Performance Concrete- Prof Aitcin P C- E and FN, London.

5. Properties of Fresh Concrete- Power T.C.- E and FN, London

6. Concrete Technology- A.R. Santhakumar,-Oxford University Press.

1) Pre requisites of the course

The subject knowledge of concrete studied in the III-SEM and tests conducted on concrete in fresh and

hardened state of VII-SEM.

2) Overview of the course:

The course contains study of microstructure of cement and study of Admixtures used in concrete. It also

consists of study of durability aspects which ensures long life to the concrete. It also deals some special

concretes such as RMC, FRC, Ferro cement, Light weight concrete, high density concrete and HPC. It also

deals with testing of concrete with the study of factors affecting the strength.

3) Course Outcomes

After a successful completion of the course, the student will be able to

1. Explain the importance of chemistry of cement, Rheology of concrete, factors affecting

strength and elasticity of concrete.

2. Identify appropriate chemical admixture to suite a particular field conditions.

3. Produce design mix proportion using different mineral and chemical admixtures as per IS-

code and ACI-code specifications for the field requirements.

4. Evaluate the behavior of concrete under different aggressive field condition.

5. Implement the manufacturing process of concrete in RMC plant.

6. Define the importance of different special concretes and its applications in construction

industries.

7. Demonstrate the tests on hardened concrete.

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4) Relevance of the course to this programe:

Concrete is the most versatile material of construction, simple to make but most complex to understand. Use

of Blended cements, RMC, Admixtures and High Performance Concrete has become the need of the day. The

cement and concrete industry is witnessing a very rapid development and lot of new ingredients / admixtures

are being pumped in the market. The aim of this course is to impart a professional / practical knowledge about

advance concrete technology, understand a concrete right from its chemistry, making, placing to testing of

hardened concrete. At the end of the course, the students are expected to:

Have an overall understanding of the behavior of concrete

Understand the basic chemistry of cement, Fly ash, GGBS, Silica fume, Plasticizer, Retarder, Super

plasticizer etc.

Hands on experience of designing concrete mix

Exposure to RMC, FRC, Ferro cement, HPC, and SCC etc.

5) Application

The knowledge of advanced can be a very good tool for an engineer to practice in the field of civil

engineering.

6) Unit wise Plan

PART-A

Unit – 1 CEMENT CHEMISTRY No of Hours : 07

Learning Objectives: At the endof thisunit student will understand

1 Chemistry of cement and transition zone

2 Elastic modulus, factors affecting strength and elasticity of concrete

3 Rheology of concrete in terms of Bingham’s parameters

Lesson Plan:

L1 Importance of Bogue’s compounds

L2 Structure of hydrated cement paste

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Assignment questions

Unit – 2 CHEMICAL AND MINERAL

ADMIXTURES

No of Hours : 06


1 Types of admixtures

2 Chemistry of action of admixtures

3 Importance of uses of mineral admixtures

Lesson Plan:

L3 Volume of Hydrated product , Porosity of paste and concrete

L4 Transition zone

L5 Elastic modulus

L6 Factors affecting strength and elasticity of concrete

L7 Rheology of concrete in terms of Bingham’s parameter.

1 Write the hydration of cement

2 Sketch structure of hydrated cement paste and transition zone

3 Explain the importance of transition zone with respect to NSC and HSC

L8 Mechanism of chemical admixtures

L9

Plasticizers and super plasticizers, effect on concrete property in fresh and

hardened state

L10 Marsh cone test for optimum dosage of super plasticizer

L11

Retarder, accelerator, Air-entraining admixtures, new generation super

plasticizer

L12 Fly ash, Silica fume, GGBS, and their effect on concrete property in fresh

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Unit – 3 MIX DESIGN No of Hours : 06


1 Factors affecting the design mix

2 Different types of Mix design

3 IS Method with reference to IS 10262-2009

Lesson Plan:


state and hardened state.

L13 -do-

1 Explain the process of deflocculation

2 Differentiate the plasticizer and Super plasticizer

3 List the suppliers names and corresponding admixtures

4 Explain the term waste to wealth

5 Write the physical properties of different mineral admixtures

L14 Definition of mix design and terminologies

L15 Factors affecting mix design

L16 ACI Method of mix design

L17 BS Design of concrete mix

L18 IS Method 10262, Design examples

L19 Design examples

1 Carry out design mix for M20, M40 and M50 by ACI, BS and IS Methods

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Unit – 4 DURABILITY OF CONCRETE No of Hours : 07


1 Importance of durability of concrete and factors affecting it.

2 Factors promoting the permeability of concrete, corrosion of reinforcement,

Alkali aggregate reaction.

Lesson Plan:


and compare

L20

Definition of durability and different factors contributing to deterioration of

concrete

L21 -do-

L22 Permeability of concrete

L23 chemical attack, acid attack, efflorescence

L24 Corrosion in concrete

L25 Thermal conductivity, specific heat

L26 Alkali aggregate reaction, IS 456-2000 requirement for durability

1 List the causes of deterioration

2 Study the different types of deteriorated structures

3 Explain in depth the corrosion of reinforcement

4 Discuss the requirement of durability requirement as per IS 456-2000

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PART-B

Unit – 5 RMC, HVFC, AND SCC


1 Knowledge of use of RMC, HVFA, and SCC

Lesson Plan:


Unit – 6 FRC and Ferro cement No of Hours : 07

Learning

Objectives: At the endof thisunit student will understand

1 Complete knowledge of FRC and its behavior in pre-cracking and post-

L27 Definition of RMC, Manufacture of RMC

L28 Transporting, placing, and precautions, Methods of concreting, pumping

L29 under water concreting, short Crete

L30 High volume fly ash concrete concept, properties, typical mix.

L31 Self compacting concrete concept, materials

L32 Tests, properties, application and typical mix

1 List the type of accessories required for RMC

2 List the advantages of HVFA and design concrete of M40

3 Write the typical tests conducted for SCC

4 Design SCC of Mix M20

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cracking stages and construction of Ferro cement

Lesson Plan:


Unit – 7 SPECIAL CONCRETE No of Hours : 06


1 Complete knowledge of some special concretes

Lesson Plan:

L33 Definition AND Need of FRC, Types of Fibers

L34 Behavior of FRC in Compression and Tension

L35 Behavior of FRC in Pre-cracking and Post-cracking Stages

L36 Behavior in Flexure and Shear

L37 Definition of Ferro cement and its constituents

L38 Materials used and its properties and Techniques of manufacture

L39 Properties and application of Ferro cement

1 List the various fibers used for FRC

2 List the Fibers available in the market

3 Draw the stress-strain curve and discuss the failure pattern of FRC

4 Explain the construction technique and application of Ferro cement

L40 Different types of light weight concretes

L41 Physical properties and application of LWC

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.

Unit – 8 TESTING OF HARDENED

CONCRETE

No of Hours : 07


1 The methods of tests of hardened concrete

Lesson Plan: Properties and uses

L42 Mix design of LWC

L43 High density concrete manufacture and its uses

L44 Definition of HPC and mechanical properties of HPC

L45 Application of HPC

1 List the light weight aggregates available in India

2 Enumerate the construction process of High density concrete

3 List the ingredients used for making of HPC and differentiate it with HSC

4

Discus the advantages of HPC with respect to NSC with reference to Stress-

strain curve

5 Explain the improvement of transition zone by the use of admixtures

L46 Types of tests of Hardened concrete

L47

Effect of end condition of specimen, capping, H/D ratio, rate of loading,

moisture condition

L48 Compression, tension and flexure tests

L49

Tests on composition of hardened concrete-cement content, original W/C

ratio

L50 NDT tests concepts-Rebound hammer

L51 Pulse velocity methods

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5. Portion for I.A Test

Test Units

First I.A Test Units I, II

Second I.A Test Units III , IV, V

Third I.A Test Units VI, VII , VIII

L51 Pulse velocity methods Contd..

1 Explain the procedure of tests of specimens as per IS 516

2

Enumerate the relation between compressive strength and tensile strength of

concrete

3

List the code requirements for rebound hammer and Pulse velocity methods

of NDT

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DESIGN AND DRAWING OF STEEL STRUCTURES

Subject Code : 10CV82 IA Marks : 25

No.ofLecture

Hours/Week

: 02 (T) + 3 (D) Exam Hours : 04

TotalNo.ofLecture

Hours

: 26 (T) + 39 (D) Exam Marks : 100

PART - A

(DRAWINGS TO BE PREPARED FOR GIVEN STRUCTURAL DETAILS)

UNIT - 1

CONNECTIONS: Bolted and welded, beam-beam, Beam-column, seated, stiffened and un-

stiffened.

UNIT - 2

COLUMNS: Splices, Column-column of same and different sections. Lacing and battens.

UNIT - 3

COLUMN BASES: Slab base and gusseted base.

13 (T) + 18 (D)

PART - B

UNIT - 4

Design and drawing of

i) Bolted and welded plate girder

ii) Roof Truss (Forces in the members to be given)

iii) Gantry girder

13 (T) + 21 (D)

REFERENCE BOOKS:

1. Design of Steel Structures - Ramachandra -Standard Book House, 1705- A, NaiSarak,

Delhi-6.

2. Design of Steel Structures - Dayarathnam P - A.H. Wheeler & Co. Ltd.

3. Design of Steel Structures - Negi - Tata McGraw Hill Publishers.

4. Design of Steel Structures - Arya and Ajaman- Nem Chand & Bros. Roorkee.

5. Design of Steel Structures.-Raghupati

6. IS : 80 – 1984, SP 6 (1) – 1984 or Steel Table.

7. Detailing of Structures-Dayarathnam P

8. Design of Steel Structures - N. Subramanian : Oxford University, Press.

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1) Prerequisites :

Design of Steel Structures

2) Overview of the course and its relevance to this program.

Design of structures is mainly carried out to achieve economy of structures. Design is an art

supported by experience and principles of science. Analysis generally precedes the design.

Softwares available have reduced the dependability of designer on intuition. However modeling a

structure to use available softwares requires engineering judgment and experience. This course will

enable you to have accurate imagination in design and detailing of steel structures. It will help you in

use of softwares, development of softwares (since many software modules available in market have

several limitations).

In this course you will be preparing drawings for given structures studied in VII semester

D.S.S. course. You will be designing additional structures like plate girders, roof trusses and gantry

girders and preparing drawings for the same.

3.COURSE OUTCOMES

After a successful completion of the course, the student will be able to

1. Draw various sections like I or L.

2. Draw connecting details of various members like beams, columns using bolts or

welds.

3. Design various elements of plate girders and gantry girders.

4. Design roof truss members and their connections to gusset plates.

4.Relevance of the course:

It is among the important courses in Civil Engineering in which one can know.

i) Advantages of using truss type roof for column free space like godowns,

railway platforms or factory buildings.

ii) Use of gantry girders to support cranes.

iii) How I section is fabricated using plates when spans are large.

Knowledge of this course will help to understand and use software available in the market.

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5) Application:

You will be able to design plate girder elements and roof truss members or how gantry girder is

designed to support loads from cranes. Drawings will help you to understand connections between steel

sections used as structural members.

4) Unit wise Plan: (L – Lecture class, D – Drawing class)

Unit 1 Connections Hrs : L-5, D-6

Learning Objectives: Student will be able

1) To know detailing of bolts and welds between beam – beam and beam

column connections.

2) To know types of connections like stiffened, unstiffened and seat connections.

Lesson Plan (Lectures):

L1 Beam – Beam connections.

L2 Beam – Column connections. (framed)

L3 Seated Connections.

L4 Stiffened Connections.

L5 Unstiffened Connections.

Lesson Plan (Drawing class of 3 hrs. duration)

D1 Beam – Beam and beam – column connections

D2 Stiffened & Unstiffened connections.

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Unit 2 Columns Hrs : L-4, D-6


1) To know how columns of same sections or different sections are connected.


L6 Column splices

L7 Laced columns (single lacing)

L8 Laced columns (double lacing)

L9 Battened columns


D3 Column splices and battened columns

D4 Laced columns (single and double)

Unit 3 Column Bases Hrs : L-4, D-5


1) To know types of column bases.

2) To know how heavy loads are transferred from steel columns to footing .

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L10 Types of bases, slab base

L11 Gusseted base


D5 Slab base and gusseted base

Unit 4 Plate girder, truss and gantry girder Hrs : L-13, D-21


1) To know use of plate girders, types of plate girders.

2) To know elements of plate girders, vertical stiffeners and horizontal stiffeners.

3) To know analysis and design of plate girders as per IS 800, 2007.

4) To know connection between various elements of plate girders.

5) To know various members (tension and compression) in roof trusses, purlins, base

plate.

6) To know design of members in roof trusses.

7) To know connection of members (bolted & welded) with gusset plates.

8) To know use of gantry girders, section used type of loads on gantry girders.

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L14 Types of plates girders, elements, stiffeners used in plate girders, analysis as per

IS 800, 2007 for bolted plate girder.

L15 Design of bolted plate girder, max. section.

L16 Curtailment of flange plates, design of bearing stiffeners.

L17 Design of vertical and horizontal stiffeners.

L18 Welded plate girder, tension field concept.

L19 Design of welded plate girder without tension field action.

L20 Design of welded plate girder without tension field action.

L21 Design of tie members in roof truss.

L22 Design of comp. members in roof truss.

L23 Design of purlins, connection of members to gusset plate.

L24 Gantry girder – introduction, use and type of sections used as gantry girder.

L25 Forces on gantry girder (BMxx and BMyy), Design of gantry girder.

L26 Design of gantry girder (contd.)


D7 Design and detailing of bolted plate girder.

D8 Design and detailing of bolted plate girder.

D9 Design and detailing of welded plate girder.

D10 Design and detailing of roof trusses.



D13 Design and detailing of gantry girder.

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5. Only one I.A. Test of 4 hrs. duration will be conducted at the end for 100% syllabus.

6. VTU Question Paper (Use limit state design method only).


Test Units

First I.A Test Units I, II

Second I.A Test Units III , IV, V

Third I.A Test Units VI, VII , VIII

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ADVANCED PRESTRESSED CONCRETE STRUCTURES

Subject Code :10CV831 IA Marks : 25

No. of Lecture Hours/Week : 04 Exam Hours : 03

Total No. of Lecture Hours : 52 Exam Marks : 100

PART - A

UNIT - 1

ANCHORAGE ZONE STRESSES IN POST-TENSIONED MEMBERS: Introduction, stress

distribution in end block, investigations on Anchorage zone stresses, Magnel and Guyon’s Methods,

Comparative Analysis, Anchorage zone reinforcement

6 Hours

UNIT - 2

SHEAR AND TORSIONAL RESISTANCE: Shear and principal stresses, ultimate shear

resistance, design of shear reinforcement, Torsion, Design of reinforcement for &

bending.

6 Hours

UNIT - 3

COMPOSITE BEAMS: Introduction, Composite structural members, types of composite

construction, analysis of stresses, differential shrinkage, deflection, serviceability limit state, flexural

strength, shear strength design.

8 Hours

UNIT - 4

TENSION MEMBERS: Introduction, Ties, pressure pipes – fabrication process, analysis, design

and specifications, cylindrical containers-construction Techniques, analysis, Design and

specifications, 6 Hours

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PART - B

UNIT - 5

STATICALLY INDETERMINATE STRUCTURES: Introduction, Advantages of continuous

members, effect of prestressing indeterminate structures, methods of analysis of secondary moments,

concordant cable profile, Guyon’s theorem, Ultimate load analysis, Determination of concordant

tendon profile, Design of continuous beams and portal frames.

8 Hours

UNIT - 6

COMPRESSION MEMBERS: Introduction, Columns, short columns, long columns, biaxially

loaded columns, Design specification.

6 Hours

UNIT - 7

SLAB AND GRID FLOORS: Types of floor slabs, Design of one way and two way slabs. Flat

slabs. Distribution of prestressing tendons. Analysis and design of grid floors.

5 Hours

UNIT - 8

PRECAST ELEMENTS: Introduction, Prestressed concrete poles-manufacturing techniques,

shapes and cross sectional properties, design loads, design principles, Railway sleepers-classification

and manufacturing techniques, design loads, analysis and design Principles, Prestressed concrete

pavements, slab and wall panels.

7 Hours

TEXT BOOKS:

1. Design of Prestressed concrete structures - Lin T.Y. and H. Burns - John Wiley &

Sons, 1982.

2. Prestressed Concrete- N. Krishna Raju - Tata Megrahill, 3rd

edition, 1995.

REFERENCE BOOKS:

1. Prestressed Concrete Structures- P. Dayaratnam - Oxford & IBH, 5th

Edition, 1991.

2. Prestressed Concrete- G.S. Pandit and S.P. Gupta - CBS Publishers, 1993.

3. IS : 1343 : 1980.

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1) Pre requisites of the course

The subject requires the students to have knowledge of fundamentals of prestressed concrete,

strength of materials, structural analysis and basics of previous topics learnt in earlier semester.

2) Overview of the course:

This course deals with the analysis and design of anchorage zone of post tensioned members.

Analysis and design of members subjected to torque, bending and shear are dealt in the present

course. This course also includes design of composite sections, tension members, continuous beams,

compression members, slab grid floors. .The study of precast elements such as prestressed concrete

poles, railway sleepers, pavements and wall panels are also included in this course.

3.Course Outcome

At the end of this course student will be able to

1. Differentiate between investigations on stress end block and reinforcement required for end block

2. Know the importance of shear strength and torsion shear stress and also computation of

additional reinforcement

3. Explain advantages and types of composite construction, evaluation of stresses and design of

composite construction

4. Identify the importance of circular prestressing and Analyse and Design cylindrical members

5. Recognize importance of continuous beams effect of prestressing and concordant cable Design of

continuous beams and portal frames.

6. Describe compression members, biaxially loaded columns and design specifications.

7.Identify types of floor slabs, analyse and design floor slabs

8. Compare prestressed concrete elements, manufacturing techniques, shapes design loads and

design principles,

4.Relevance of the Course:

Safety and economy is the most important in structural designs. The prime objective of this course is

to get acquaintance with the analysis and design of structural elements. It is a well established fact

that the basic economy of prestressed concrete lies in its strength to weight and strength to cost

ratios, its resistance to fire and corrosion, and versatility and adaptability. Design of composite

sections has been included keeping in view the extensive use of prestressed concrete in bridge

construction. The subject focuses on the analysis and design of important structural members such as

51

prestressed concrete pipes and water tanks. So this course signifies the importance of

prestressedconcrete in present scenario. There is probably no structural problem to which prestress

cannot provide a solution, and often revolutionary one.

5.Application

The use of prestressed concrete has revolutionised the multi storey building with pre cast post

tensioned slabs. Prestressed concrete is ideally suited for continuous beams, poles, water tanks and

nuclear reactors. Prestressed concrete has found extensive applications in the construction of roofs,

pavements, railway sleepers, poles, piles and other structural elements. Civil engineers with the

knowledge of prestressed concrete, can design all types of structural elements.

4) Unit wise Plan

Unit – 1 : Anchorage Zone stresses in post tensioned members No of Hours : 06


1 The stress distribution in anchorage zone

2 The different methods of investigations on end block

3 Comparative analysis of various investigations

4 The reinforcement required for end block

Lesson Plan:

L1 Introduction, Stress distribution in end block

L2 Investigation on anchorage zone stresses

L3 Magnel’s method &Guyon’s method

L4 Problems

L5 Comparative analysis & problems

L6 Anchorage zone reinforcement and problems

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Assignment Questions

1. Write a short note on investigations of Guyon’s method

2. A high tensile cable comprising 12strands of 15mm diameter with an effective force of 2500kN is

anchored concentrically in an end block of a post tensioned beam. The end block is 400mmwide by 800mm

deep and the anchor plate is 200mmwide by 260mm deep. Design suitable anchorage zone reinforcements

using Magnel’s method

3. Explain the stress distribution in the end block

4. A Freyssinet anchorage (125 mm dia) carrying 12 wires of 7 mm dia stressed to 950 N/mm2is embedded

concentrically in the web of an I section beam at the ends. The thickness of the web is 225 mm. Evaluate the

maximum tensile stress and the bursting tensile force in the end block using Rowe’s method. Design the

reinforcement for the end block.

Unit – 2 : Shear and Torsional resistance No of Hours : 06

Learning Objectives: At the end of this unit student will understand

1 The importance of shear strength and ways to improve the same

2 The ultimate shear strength of PSC members

3 About torsion shear stress due to torsion

4 The computation of additional reinforcement

Lesson Plan:

L1 Shear strength & Principal stresses

L2 Numerical problems

L3 Ultimate shear resistance design of shear reinforcement

L4 Torsion, shear stress due to torsion


L6 Design of reinforcement for torsion

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1. Briefly discuss the different ways of improving the shear resistance of structural prestressed concrete

members

2. A prestressed concrete beam of size 200mm x 400mm is subjected to the following forces Ultimate

bending moment, shear and torque as 40kNm 60kN and 15kNm respectively . It is prestressed by an force of

300kN with 2strands located at 75mmabove the soffit. Area of prestressing steel is 300mm2 Design the

reinforcement to take care of tension flexurel shear. Assume cover of 40mm and fck =50N/mm2,

fp=1600N/mm2

3. Explain the types of shear cracks in structural concrete member.

4. A concrete beam of rectangular section 250 mm wide and 650 mm overall depth, is subjected a torque

of 20 KN m and a uniform prestrssing force of 150 kN. Calculate the maximum principal tensile stress.

Assuming 15 percent loss of prestress, calculate the prestessing force necessary to limit the principal tensile

stress to 0.4 N/mm2.

Unit – 3 Composite beams No of Hours : 08


1 The advantages and types of composite construction.

2 The evaluation of stresses

3 The importance of differential shrinkage in design

4 The design of composite construction

5 Serviceability limit state

Lesson Plan:

L1 Introduction, Composite Structures

L2 Types of composite construction

L3 Analysis of stresses


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L5 Differential shrinkage


L7 Serviceability limit state, flexural strength, shear strength



1. The mid span section of composite T beam comprises a pre tensioned beam 300mm wide and

900mm deep, an in situ cast slab, 900mm wide and 150mmdeep. The effective prestressing force

located 200mm from the soffit of the beam is 2180kN. The moment due to the weight of the precast

section is 273kNm at mid span. After this is erected in place, the top slab is cast, producing a

moment of 136.5kNm at mid span. After the slab is hardened, the composite section is to carry a

max live load moment of 750kNm. Compute the resultant final stresses for (a) propped and (b)

unpropped condition. Draw the resultant stress diagrams

2. List the advantages of composite construction.

3. Write a short note on differential shrinkage.

4. A composite bridge deck is made up of an in situ cast slab 120 mm thick and symmetrical I

sections of pre cast pre tensioned beams having flange width and thickness of 200 mm and 110 mm

respectively. Thickness of web =75 mm. Overall depth of I section = 500mm. Spacing of I beams =

750 mm centers. The modulus of elasticity in situ slab concrete is 30 kN/mm2. Estimate the stress

developed in the composite members due to differential shrinkage of 100x10-4

.between the precast

and cast in situ elements.

Unit – 4 Tension members No of Hours : 06


1.Design of tension members of truss

2. Importance of circular prestressing

3. Analysis, Design of cylindrical pipes

4. Design & Specification of Ring beams

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5. Fabrication process and construction techniques

Lesson Plan:

L1 Introduction, Ties and pressure pipes

L2 Analysis, design & specification cylindrical containers


L4 Analysis, Design of Non cylindrical pipes and Numerical problems

L5 Analysis, Design & Specification,



1. Design the suitable section for the tie member of a truss to support a max design tensile force of

500kN. The permissible compressive stress in concrete at transfer is 15N/mm2

and no tension is permitted

under working loads. The loss ratio is 0.8. 7mm dia wires of ultimate tensile strength of 1700N/ with an initial

stress of 950 N/mm2 may be used. The direct tensile strength of concrete is 3 N/mm

2. A load factor of 2 at the

limit state of collapse and 1.25 against cracking is required.

2. Design a cylindrical prestressed concrete water tank to suit the following data, diameter of the tank is

30m ,ratio of diameter to height =4, maximum compressive stress in concrete at transfer not to exceed

14N/mm2

Minimum compressive stress under working load to be 1N/mm2. The prestress is to be provided by

circumferential winding of 5mm wires and vertical cables of 12wires of 7mm diameter .The stress in wires at

transfer 1000N/mm2

loss ratio =0.75. Design the walls of the tank and the details of the circumferential wire

winding vertical cables for sliding base condition (assume coefficient of friction as 0.5)

3. A prestress concrete pipe of 1.2 m dia and a core thickness of 75 mm is required to withstand a

service pressure intensity of 1.2 N/mm2.Estimate the pitch of 5 mm dia of high tensile wire winding if the

initial stress is limited to 1000 N/ mm2 Permissible stress in concrete are 12.5 N/ mm

2in compression and 0 in

tension. The loss ratio is 0.8 If the direct tensile strength is 2.5 N/ mm2, Estimate the load factor against

cracking.

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PART B

Unit – 5 Statically indeterminate structures No of Hours : 08


1 Importance of continuous beams

2 The merits and common terms used in continuous members

3 The effect of prestressing and concordant cable

4 The secondary moments and their analysis

5 Different methods of analysis of continuous members

Lesson Plan:

L1 Introduction Statically indeterminate structures

L2 Advantages of continuous members & effect of prestressing indeterminate structures

L3 Methods of analysis of secondary moments


L5 Problems & concordant cable profile

L6 Guyon’s theorem, ultimate load analysis

L7 Determination of concordant tender profile

L8 Design of continuous beams.


1. What are the advantages of continuous members?

2. What is a concordant cable? A continuous beam ABC (AB=BC=10 m) has a cable with a linear

profile. The eccentricity is 50 mm towards the soffit at A and C and 25 mm towards top of section at B.

Show that the cable is concordant.

3. A continuous beam ABC (AB=BC=8 m) has a uniform cross section of 100 mm wide and 300 mm

deep. The Effective prestressing force 500 kN has a constant eccentricity of 50 mm towards soffit. In

57

addition of self weight, it supports concentrated loads of 20 kN at centre of each span. Locate the position

of pressure line at B.

4. A PSC beam having rectangle section with a width of 120 mm and depth of 300 mm is continuous

over two spans AB=BC=8 m. The cable with 0 eccentricity at the ends and eccentricity of 50 mm towards

the top fibres over the central support, carries an effective force of 50 kN.

(i) Calculate the secondary moment developed at B.

(ii) If the beam supports a concentrated load of 30kN each at mid points of span, evaluate

the resultant stress at the central support.

(iii) Locate also the position of pressure line at section.

Unit – 6 Compression members No of Hours : 06


1 Definition and types of compression members

2 Load moment interaction curve and short columns

3 Design considerations of slender columns

4. Design of Prestressed compression members in biaxial bending

Lesson Plan:

L1 Introduction, Compression members


L3 Short Columns and moment interaction curve

L4 Long Columns

L5 Biaxially loaded

L6 Design specification and Numerical problems


1. Write short note on load moment interaction curves for Prestressed concrete short

columns.

2. Explain briefly the design procedure of PSC compression members in biaxial Loading.

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3. A PSC compression member with a square cross section of 400 mm side is reinforcement with four

strands of 12.7 mm dia at each corner with an effective cover of 50 mm. If f pu=1650 N/ mm2 fc =40 N/

mm2,fpe =1000 N/ mm

2 .Epe= 200 kN/ mm

2, Construct the load interaction diagram and determine the

maximum moment capacity of the section and the corresponding axial load.Assume suitable data

regarding the strains in concrete and steel.

Unit – 7 Slab and grid floors No of Hours : 05


1. Different types of Prestressed concrete floor slabs

2 Analysis and design of one way and two way slabs

3 Indian code recommendations of prestressing tendorns in case of flat slabs.

4. Analysis & design of grid floors

Lesson Plan:

L1 Types of floor slabs

L2 Design of one way slab

L3 Design of two way slab


L5 Flat Slabs – Indian code & distribution of prestressing tendons

L6 Analysis & design of grid floors and Numerical problems


1. The deck slab of a road bridge of span 12m is to be designed as a way psc slab with parallel post tensioned

cables in each of which the force at transfer is 550kN. If the deck slab is required to support a udl of

28kN/mm2with the compressive and tensile stress in concrete at any stage not exceeding 15 and zero N/mm

2

respectively .Calculate the max horizontal spacing of cables and their positions at mid span section Assume

the loss ratio a 0.80

2. Write a short note on types of prestressed concrete floor slabs

59

3. The floor of an industrial structure spanning over 8m is to be designed as a one way prestressed concrete

slab with parallel post tensioned cables. The slab is required to support a live load of 10kN/m2 with the

compressive and tensile stress in concrete at any stage not exceeding 14 and zero N/mm2 respectively. Design

a suitable thickness for the slab and estimate the maximum horizontal spacing of the Freyssinet cables (12 of

5 mm diameter initially stressed to 1200N/mm2) their position at midspan section. The loss ratio is 0.8.

4. Design a post tensioned prestress concrete two-way slab, 6m in 8m in size, to support a live load of

3kN/m2. If cables of our wires of 5 mm diameter stressed to 1000 N/mm

2 are available for use, determine the

number of cables in the two principal directions. The stresses in concrete not to exceed 15 N/mm2 in

compression and tensile stresses are not permitted under service loads. The loss ratio is 0.8. Check the limit

states of service ability and collapse.

Unit – 8 Precast elements No of Hours : 7


1. The different types of pre cast elements.

2. About the cross sectional properties and different shapes of PSC poles.

3. Classifications and manufacturing techniques of sleepers.

4. Application of principles and loads for design of pre cast members.

5 about the design of Prestressed concrete pavements and wall panels.

Lesson Plan:

L1 Introduction, prestressed concrete poles

L2 Shapes & cross sectional properties

L3 Design loads & principles

L4 Railway sleepers and classification manufacturing techniques

L5 Design principles of prestressed concrete pavements


L7 Slab & wall panels

60


Explain the following

1. Types of sleepers

2. Manufacture of PSC sleepers

3. What are advantages of prestressed concrete poles?

4. Write as short note on design considerations of railway sleepers.

5. Design a suitable longitudinal and transverse prestressing system for a two-lane highway, 7.5 m wide and

100 m long. The thickness of the slab is 150mm. The coefficient of friction between the slab and the sub-

grade is estimated to be 1.5 Freyssinet cables of 12-5 mm are available for use at sight. A minimum

longitudinal prestress of 2 N/mm2 should be ensured.

Portion for I.A Test

Test Units

First I.A Test Units I II III

Second I.A Test Units IV V

Third I.A Test Units VI VII VIII

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EARTHQUAKE RESISTANT DESIGN OF STRUCTURES

Subject:- Earthquake Resistant Design of Structures. Subject Code:- 10CV834

Total no of Lecture Hours:-52 IA marks:- 25

Exam Hours:-03 Exam Marks:- 100

UNIT - 1 Earthquake ground Motion, Engineering Seismology, Theory of plate tectonics, seismic waves,

Magnitude and intensity of earthquakes, local site effects, seismic zoning map of India.6 Hours

UNIT - 2 Seismic Design Parameters. Types of Earthquakes, earthquake ground motion characteristics,

response spectra and design spectrum.6 Hours

UNIT - 3 Structural modelling, Code based seismic design methods. Response control concepts, seismic

evaluation and retrofitting methods.6 Hours

UNIT - 4

Effect of Structural Irregularities on seismic performance of RC buildings. Vertical irregularity and

plan configuration problems, Seismo resistant building architecture – lateral load resistant systems,

building characteristics.6 Hours

PART - B

UNIT - 5 Seismic design philosophy, Determination of design lateral forces - Equivalent lateral force

procedure, dynamic analysis procedure.8 Hours

UNIT - 6

Step by step procedure for seismic analysis of RC buildings (maximum of 4 storeys , without

infills) - Equivalent static lateral force method, response spectrum methods.7 Hours

UNIT - 7

Earthquake resistant analysis and design of RC buildings – Preliminary data, loading data, load

combinations, analysis and design of subframes.( maximum of 4 storeys, without infills). 7 Hours

UNIT - 8

Earthquake resistant design of masonry buildings - elastic properties of structural masonry, lateral

load analysis, Design of two storied masonry buildings.6 Hours

TEXT / REFERENCE BOOKS:

R1. Earthquake resistant design of structures - Pankaj Agarwal, Manish Shrikande - PHI India.

R2. Earthquake Resistant Design of Structures - S.K. Duggal - Oxford University Press, 2007.

R3. Earthquake Resistant Design- Anil Chopra

R4. Earth Quake Engineering Damage Assessment and Structural design- S.F. Borg - (John

Wiley and Sons. 1983).

OTHER REFERENCE BOOKS:-

R5. Earthquake resistant building construction- Neelam Sharma

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R6. IITK- Eartkquake tips -- by C V R Murthy

R7.VTU eLearning

R8.Earthquake resistant design of Building structures-Dr.VinodHosur.

R9. IS1893-2002,Indian standard criteria for Earthquake resistant design of structures,part 1

R10.IS13920-1993, Ductile detailing of reinforced concrete structures subject to seismic forces-

Code of practice.

R11.IS4326-1993-Code of practice for earthquake resistant design and construction of

buildings

R12.IS 13828-1993- Improving earthquake resistance of low strength masonry buildings -

Guidelines

R13 .IS456-2000-Plain and Reinforced Concrete - Code of. Practice

Chapters for Internal Assement Test:-

I.A.Test I II III

Chapter Nos 1,2,3 4,5,6 6,7,8

COURSE PLAN

1. Prerequisite:-

This subject requires knowledge of Mathematics, Basic science, Engineering Mechanics,

Strength of materials, Structural analysis.

2. Course Overview

The purpose of this course is to introduce the students to the fundamental concepts and

principles required for the seismic design of reinforced concrete and masonry structures.

The overall objective is to enable the students to develop an understanding of the seismic

behaviour of concrete and masonry materials, components and systems under typical

earthquake loading conditions. This knowledge can then be applied in practical earthquake

resistant design of frame and wall systems according to modern codified regulations, with

particular emphasis on the Indian seismic design code.

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3. Course Learning Objectives

1. To learn Engineering Seismology, Earthquake (EQ) ground motion, Theory of plate

tectonics, seismic waves, Magnitude & Intensity, local site effect & Seismic zoning map

of India.

2. Study of seismic parameters, types of EQ, ground motion characteristics, Response &

Design spectra.

3. Basic concept of structural modelling, seismic evaluation, retrofitting methods and IS

code provisions in seismic design.

4. To learn effect of EQ on structure configurations in Plan & vertical irregularities, lateral

load resisting systems and its behavior.

5. Concept of Seismic design philosophy and step by step calculation of lateral loads by

Equivalent static method & Response spectrum method as per IS1893-2002.

6. Solve the problems with various load combinations for maximum of 4 storey RC frame

structure by Equivalent static method & Response spectrum method.

7. To learn effect of EQ on Masonry structures and preventive measures as per IS-Code.

And calculation & design of two storey masonry structures for EQ loads.

4. Course Outcomes:

On completion of this course, students are able to

1. Understand the principles of engineering seismology

2. Achieve Knowledge of design and development of problem solving skills.

3. Design and develop analytical skills.

4. Summarize the Seismic evaluation and retrofitting of structures.

5. Understand the concepts of earthquake resistance of reinforced concrete& Masonry

buildings.

6..Application:- This knowledge can then be applied in practical earthquake resistant design of

frame and wall systems according to modern codified regulations, with particular emphasis on the

Indian seismic design code.

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Unit wise Plan

Course Title:-

EARTHQUAKERESISTANT DESIGN OF STRUCTURES

Code-10CV834

Unit Number:- 1 Planned Hours:06

Learning Objectives:-

At the end of the chapter the student should be able to

1. Explain the engineering seismology, seismic waves, concepts of plate tectonics etc.

2. Explain Magnitude and intensity of earthquake and local site effects.

3. Identify the different seismic zone of India as per IS1893-2002.

Lesson Plan

Lesson plan

L1. Earth and interiors, Convection currents, Plate tectonics

L2. Plate boundaries and continental, plate tectonics and elastic rebound theory

L3. Faults, Basic terminology of Earthquake, causes of earthquake etc

L4. Seismology and seismic waves. Intensity, magnitude and measuring instrument etc

L5. Geotechnical aspects of earthquake, liquefaction , tsunami etc

L6. Local site effects and seismic zone map of India.

Assignment questions:-

1. Explain earth and its interior.

2. Explain elastic rebound theory with neat sketch.

3. List the causes of earthquake.

4. Exapline briefly the liquefaction and Tsunami.

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Course Title:-


Code-10CV834

Unit Number:- 2 Planned Hours: 06



1. Explain seismic design parameters.

2. Explain and list the different types of earthquakes.

3. Explain the characteristics of Earthquake ground motion

4. Explain response spectra and design spectra.

Lesson Plan

Lesson plan

L7. Seismic design parameters and basic structural dynamics.

L8. Different types of earthquakes, earthquake ground motion etc

L9. Response history and response spectrum

L10. Design spectra, elastic design spectra.

L11. Tripartite plot and problems

L12. Seismic Effect on structures


1. Explain different earthquake ground motion characteristics.

2. Explain tripartite plot and its spectral regions.

3. Explain response spectrum and design spectra.

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Course Title:-


Code-10CV834




1. Explain seismic response of structure and its modelling techniques.

2. Explain code based seismic design methods.

3. Explain response control concepts

4. Explain seismic evaluation and retrofitting methods.

Lesson Plan

Lesson plan

L13. Seismic response of structure

L14.Lumped mass model and structural modelling etc

L15. Code based seismic design methods

L16. Response control concepts

L17. Seismic evaluation of structures

L18. Seismic retrofitting methods.


1. Explain lumped mass model.

2. Explain code based seismic design methods.

3. Explain earthquake protective systems.

4. Explain seismic evaluation and retrofitting methods.

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Course Title:-


Code-10CV834




1. Explain vertical and plan irregularity on seismic performance of RC buildings.

2. Explain seismo resistant building and lateral load resisting system.

3. Explain building configuration problems and solutions.

Lesson Plan

Lesson plan

L19. Structural configuration and importance of architectural features.

L20. Effect of structural irregularity on seismic performance of RC buildings

L21. Vertical irregularity

L22. Plan irregularity etc

L23.Lateral load resisting systems. Soft storey and code provisions

L24. Floating columns and problems on stiffness calculations.


1. Explain different vertical irregularity with neat sketch.

2. Explain Lateral load resisting systems

3. What is soft storey and list the code provisions as per IS1893-2002.

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Course Title:-


Code-10CV834




1. Seismic design philosophy and general principals of Earthquake resistant design.

2. Explain the equivalent lateral force method as per IS1893-2002

3. Explain the dynamic analysis method as per IS1893-2002

4. List the load combinations etc.

Lesson Plan

Lesson plan

L25.Seismic design philosophy, design principals and assumptions etc

L26. Load combinations and partial safety factors etc

L27.procedure for calculation of seismic weights

L28.Funadamental time periods, Zone factors and importance factors, Response reduction

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factors and Sa/g values

L29. Overall procedure for equivalent static method and limitations.

L30. Introduction to dynamic analysis and guidelines for analysis as per IS1893-2002

L31. Response spectrum method procedure as per IS1893-2002

L32.Response spectrum method procedure as per IS1893-2002


1. Explain seismic design philosophy.

2. Explain procedure for equivalent static lateral force method.

3. Explain the procedure for seismic weight calculation.

4. Explain procedure for response spectrum method.

Course Title:-


Code-10CV834




1. Calculate lateral force by equivalent lateral force method

2. Calculate lateral force by Response spectrum method.

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Lesson Plan

Lesson plan

L33. Step by step procedure for seismic analysis of RC building by Equivalent static

method

L34. Step by step procedure for seismic analysis of RC building by Response spectrum

method

L35. Problems on RC building by equivalent static method

L36. Problems on RC building by equivalent static method

L37. Problems on RC building by Response spectrum method




1. For a four storeyed RCC office building located in zone V and resting on hard rock, compute

the seismic forces as per IS-1893-2002 equivalent static procedure. Height of first is 4.2 m

and the remaining three stories are of height 3.2 m each. Plan dimensions (length and

width) of the structure are 15 m x 20 m. The RCC frames are infilled with brick masonry.

Dead load on floor 12 kN/m2 on floors and 10 kN/m2 on roof. Live = 4 kN/m2 on floors and

1.5 kN/m2 on roof. Also compute the base shear, neglecting the stiffness of infill walls.

Compare the base shears for the two cases and comment on the result.

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2. Problem.

Course Title:-


Code-10CV834




1. Calculate lateral force by equivalent lateral force method

2. Calculate lateral force by Response spectrum method.

3. Analyse and design the structural components.

Lesson Plan

Lesson plan

L40. Preliminary data and loading data for given structure as per IS code.

L41. Load combinations and identifying governing combinations.

L42.Method of analysis and design of subframes.

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L43.Design of beam and columns as per IS13920

L44. Problems

L45.Problems

L46.Problems


Course Title:-


Code-10CV834


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1. Explain materials and its properties used for masonry construction.

2. Explain the failure mechanism of masonry buildings.

3. Explain seismic strengthening methods for masonry buildings.

4. Calculate lateral force by equivalent static lateral force method.

Lesson Plan

Lesson plan

L47. Introduction to masonry structures and past earthquake failures.

L48.Materials used for masonry structures and its properties.

L49. Failure mechanism of masonry buildings.

L50.Concept of earthquake resistance Masonry buildings (Codal provisions IS 4326-

1993 & IS 13928-1993)

L51.Equivalent static lateral force method procedure.

L52. Problems on two storey building.


1. Explain elastic properties of masonry.

2. Explain any four failure mechanism of a masonry building with a neat sketch.

3. Explain various band used for seismic resistant masonry building as per IS code.

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VIII SEMESTER

INDUSTRIAL WASTEWATER TREATMENT

Subject Code 10CV835 IA

Marks

25 Marks

No. of Lecture/week

Hours/Week

04 Hours Exam

Hours

03 Hours

Total No. of Lecture

Hours

52 Hours Exam

Marks

100 Marks

PART - A

UNIT - 1

INTRODUCTION: Difference between Domestic and Industrial Wastewater, Effect on Streams and on

Municipal Sewage Treatment Plants. Stream Sampling, effluent and stream Standards and Legislation to

Control Water Pollution.

5 Hours

UNIT – 2

Stream Quality, Dissolved oxygen Sag Curve in Stream, Streeter-Phelps formulation, Numerical Problems on

DO prediction.

6 Hours

UNIT – 3

TREATMENT METHODS-I: Volume Reduction, Strength Reduction, Neutralization, Equalization and

Proportioning.

5 Hours

UNIT – 4

TREATMENT METHODS-II: Removal of Inorganic suspended solids, Removal of Organic Solids, Removal

of suspended solids and colloids. Treatment and Disposal of Sludge Solids.

6 Hours

PART – B

UNIT – 5

COMBINED TREATMENT: Feasibility of combined Treatment of Industrial Raw Waste with Domestic

Waste, Discharge of Raw, Partially Treated and completely treated Wastes to Streams.

6 Hours

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UNIT – 6

TREATMENT OF SELECTED INDUSTRIAL WASTE : Process flow sheet showing origin/ sources of

waste water, characteristics of waste, alternative treatment methods, disposal, reuse and recovery along with

flow sheet. Effect of waste disposal on water bodies.

THE INDUSTRIES TO BE COVERED ARE

1. Cotton Textile Industry

2. Tanning Industry

3. Cane Sugar Industry & Distillery Industry

10 Hours

UNIT – 7

TREATMENT OF SELECTED INDUSTRIAL WASTE-I:

1. Dairy Industry

2. Canning Industry

3. Steel and Cement Industry 7 Hours

UNIT – 8

TREATMENT OF SELECTED INDUSTRIAL WASTE-II:

1. Paper and Pulp Industry

2. Pharmaceutical Industry

3. Food Processing Industry 7 Hours

TEXT BOOKS:

1. Industrial Waste Water Treatment- Nelson L. Nemerow.

2. Industrial Waste Water Treatment- Rao MN, and Dutta A.K.

3. Waste Water Treatment, Disposal and Reuse- Metcalf and Eddy inc-Tata McGraw, Hill

Publications.

REFERENCE BOOKS:

1. Industrial Waste Water Treatment- Patwardhan A.D.

2. Pollution Control Processes in Industries- Mahajan S.P.

3. Relevant IS Codes.

94

Subject: INDUSTRIAL WASTEWATER TREATMENT

Code: 10CV835

1.Prerequisites for the course

This subject requires the student to have knowledge of Basic principles of Environmental

Engineering, Basic organic and Inorganic chemistry, Understanding of Environmental Engineering

unit processes, basic mathematics and microbiology.

2.Overview of the course:

Industrial waste, or trade waste, is as any wastewater discharged from a business or industry, other

than that which comes from residential area or office facilities. The right to discharge industrial

waste to sewer is not automatic because not all industrial wastes are compatible with our wastewater

system and discharges which do not meet the standard acceptance criteria can have serious

consequences for public health and the environment.

The wastewater from industries varies so greatly in both flow and pollutional

strength. So, it is impossible to assign fixed values to their constituents. In general, industrial

wastewaters may contain suspended, colloidal and dissolved (mineral and organic) solids. In

addition, they may be either excessively acid or alkaline and may contain high or low concentrations

of colored matter. These wastes may contain inert, organic or toxic materials and possibly

pathogenic bacteria. These wastes may be discharged into the sewer system provided they have no

adverse effect on treatment efficiency or undesirable effects on the sewer system. It may be

necessary to pretreat the wastes prior to release to the municipal system or it is necessary to a full

treatment when the wastes will be discharged directly to surface or ground waters.

Municipal and industrial wastewater treatments are very different. Compared to

Municipal wastewater, industrial wastewater contains different pollutants and is often more variable,

concentrated, and toxic. The nature of the design, construction, and operations services are also

different, as are the procurement techniques.

This subject focuses on how to manage industrial wastewater and residuals, how

95

it’s characteristics varies from industry to industry, what treatment methods are used, and how

Industrial design, construction, and operations services typically are procured. It also deals with pre-

treatment trends.

3.Course Outcome

At the end of the course, the student will be able to

1. Distinguish between Industrial waste water and Domestic waste water characteristics and explain

the effect and disposal standards of Industrial waste water when discharged in Streams and

Municipal sewage treatment plant.

2. Analyze stream quality and compute D.O at various stages and at different water levels.

3. Explain different pre-treatment methods and identify the final disposal method.

4. Describe different aerobic and anaerobic treatment methods for removal of different types of

solids.

5. Analyze the feasibility of joint treatment of Industrial waste water and Domestic waste water.

6. Summarize the characteristics, origin, effects of effluents generated from Cotton and Textile,

Tanning, Sugar Cane & Distillery Industries and identify particular effluent treatment process for

each industry.

7. Summarize the characteristics, origin, effects of effluents generated from Dairy, Canning, Steel

and Cement Industries and identify particular effluent treatment process for each industry.

8. Summarize the characteristics, origin, effects of effluents generated from Paper &Pulp,

Pharmaceutical and Food processing Industries and identify particular effluent treatment process

for each industry.

4.Relevance of the course to this program:

Civil Engineering background is an indispensable prerequisite for the Sanitary Engineering.

Due to the accelerated rate of Industries, large variety of Industrial processes highly diversified

waste water requiring more complex treatment processes have appeared. Today waste water

treatment involves different pieces of equipments, unit process and operations. Civil Engineering has

the responsibility to manage the waste water coming out of different industries.

This course is an overview of engineering approaches applied to management of waste water

from different industries. Theory, conceptual designs for treating waste water and construction of

these treatment units are studied with an emphasis on fundamental principles.

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5.Application

This subject provides a general approach to pre-treatment system design and operations, specific

design values for various treatment processes, and suggestions for optimizing process operations. It

also discusses pollution prevention techniques as the first step in pre-treatment planning and design.

This subject is intended to appeal to professionals in designing, operating, regulating, and

monitoring industrial waste facilities. It also helps to enforce pre-treatment programs.

1. Unit wise plan

Unit 1: Introduction Number of Hours - 05

Learning objective: At the end of this chapter student will understand

Lesson Plan

L1 Introduction to Industrial waste water, difference between Domestic and

Industrial waste water, characteristics of Industrial waste water.

L2 Disposal of Industrial waste water, it’s effect on streams.

L3 Effect of Industrial waste water on Municipal Sewage Treatment plant and

the process involved.

L4 Sampling, process, methods.

L5 Effluent and stream standards and Legislation to control water pollution.

Assignments

Q1. Differentiate between Domestic and Industrial Waste Water.

Q2.Discuss the effect of organic matter on receiving water bodies.

1. Difference between Domestic and Industrial Wastewater, characteristics of

Industrial waste water

2. Effect of Industrial waste water on Streams

3.Effect of Industrial waste water on Municipal Sewage Treatment plants.

4.Stream sampling, methods, and precautions.

5.Effluent and stream standards and Legislation to control water pollution

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Q3. List the ISI tolerance limit of industrial pollutants to be discharged into surface water bodies.

Q4.What are the effects of dissolved inorganic solids on streams? Explaindifferent methods of

removal of inorganic dissolved solids from industrial waste water.

Q5. What are the effects of dissolved organic solids on streams? Explain different methods of

removal of organic dissolved solids from industrial waste water.

Unit 2: STREAM QUALITY Number of Hours - 06


1. Concept of D.O , Variation of D.O in streams.

2. Dissolved oxygen sag curve, reoxygenation&deoxygenation

3. Streeter-Phelps formulation and it’s application.

4. Prediction of D.O at various stages and water levels.

5. Numerical problems on D.O prediction.

Lesson Plan

L6 Stream quality and Self-purification process.

L7 Concept of D.O, Variation of D.O in streams.

L8 Dissolved oxygen sag curve, reoxygenation&deoxygenation

L9 Streeter-Phelps formulation and it’s application.

L10 Prediction of D.O at various stages and water levels with numerical problems.


Assignments

Q1. Explain with a neat sketch the Oxygen sag curve.

Q2.Derive Streeter-Phelps equation to represent Dc and tc.

Q3.What do you understand by self-purification of streams? What are the factors that affect the self-

purification.

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Unit 3: TREATMENT METHODS-I Number of Hours - 05


1.Concept of volume reduction, methods of volume reduction.

2.Concept of strength reduction, methods of strength reduction

3.Advantages of volume and strength reduction.

4.Neutralization and methods.

5. Equalization and Proportioning.

Lesson Plan

L12 Concept of volume reduction, methods of volume reduction.

L13 Purpose and Advantages of volume reduction. Concept of strength

reduction,

L14 Methods of strength reduction and Purpose and Advantages of

strength reduction.

L15 Concept of Neutralization, methods of neutralization.

L16 Equalization and Proportioning.

Assignments

Q1. Explain briefly the following as applied in the treatment of industrial waste

Water, i) Strength reduction iii) Equalization

ii) Volume reduction iv) Neutralization

Unit 4: TREATMENT METHODS-II Number of Hours – 06


1.Methods of removal of Inorganic suspended solids.

2.Methods of removal of Organic solids.

3. Methods of removal of suspended solids and colloids.

4.Treatment and disposal of sludge solids.

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Lesson Plan

L17 Methods of removal of Inorganic suspended solids. Sedimentation tanks,

grit chamber, Detritus tank.

L18 Methods of removal of Organic solids. Trickling filter, Oxidation ponds,

ASP.

L19 Methods of removal of suspended solids and colloids. Activated Carbon,

Reverse osmosis, etc.

L20 Methods of removal of suspended solids and colloids. Activated Carbon,

Reverse osmosis, etc.

L21 Treatment and disposal of sludge solids. Aerobic and Anaerobic sludge

digestion process.

L22 Sludge drying beds.

Assignments

Q1. Explain with a neat sketch the working of a trickling filter unit.

Q2. Explain with a neat sketch anaerobic sludge digestion process and sludge

Digestion process.

Unit 5: COMBINED TREATMENT Number of Hours - 06


1.Feasibility of combined treatment of industrial raw waste with domestic waste and it’s

problems.

2. Problems encountered in discharge of raw, partially treated and completely treated waste

to streams.

Lesson Plan

L23 Feasibility of combined treatment of industrial raw waste with domestic waste.

L24 Problems encountered during the treatment process.

L25 Problems encountered during the treatment process.

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L26 Problems encountered in discharge of raw, partially treated waste to streams.

L27 Problems encountered in discharge of raw, partially treated waste to streams.

L28 Problems encountered in discharge of completely treated waste to streams.

Assignments

Q1. Bring out the feasibility of joint treatment of industrial wastewaters and domestic sewage.

Q2. Discuss the merits and demerits of joint treatment of industrial and domestic waste water.

Unit 6: TREATMENT OF SELECTED

INDUSTRIAL WASTE Number of Hours - 10


1.Process flow chart, origin of waste water, characteristics of waste water of Cotton Textile

Industry.

2.Treatment methods, disposal, reuse and recovery of Cotton Textile Industry waste water.

Effect of waste disposal on water bodies.

3. Process flow chart, origin of waste water, characteristics of waste water of Tanning

Industry.

4. Treatment methods, disposal, reuse and recovery of Tanning Industry waste water. Effect

of waste disposal on water bodies.

5. Process flow chart, origin of waste water, characteristics of waste water of Cane Sugar

Industry and Distillery Industry.

6. Treatment methods, disposal, reuse and recovery of Cane Sugar Industry and Distillery

Industry waste water.

7. Effect of Cane Sugar Industry and Distillery Industry waste water disposal on water

bodies.

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Lesson Plan

L29 Process flow chart, origin of waste water, characteristics of waste water of Cotton

Textile Industry.

L30 Treatment methods, disposal, reuse and recovery of Cotton Textile Industry waste

water.

L31 Effect of Cotton Textile Industry waste disposal in water bodies.

L32 Process flow chart, origin of waste water, characteristics of waste water of

Tanning Industry.

L33 Treatment methods, disposal, reuse and recovery of Tanning Industry waste

water.

L34 Effect of Tanning Industry waste disposal in water bodies.

L35 Process flow chart, origin of waste water, characteristics of waste water of Cane

Sugar Industry & Distillery Industry.

L36 Treatment methods, disposal, reuse and recovery of Cane Sugar Industry &

Distillery Industry waste water.

L37 Treatment methods, disposal, reuse and recovery of Cane Sugar Industry &

Distillery Industry waste water.

L38 Effect of Cane Sugar Industry & Distillery Industry waste disposal in water

bodies.

Assignments

Q1. Write the general characteristics of the typical Tannery, Cotton Textile, Cane Sugar & Distillery

waste water and explain the effects of these waste water on the natural water bodies.

Q2. With a flow diagram, explain the suitable method of treatment of effluent from Cotton Textile,

Tannery, Sugar& Distillery Industries.

Unit 7: TREATMENT OF SELECTED

INDUSTRIAL WASTE-I Number of Hours - 07


1. Process flow chart, origin of waste water, characteristics of waste water of Dairy Industry.

2.Treatment methods, disposal, reuse and recovery of Dairy Industry waste water. Effect of

waste disposal on water bodies.

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3.Process flow chart, origin of waste water, characteristics of waste water of Canning Industry.

4. Treatment methods, disposal, reuse and recovery of Canning Industry waste water. Effect of

waste disposal on water bodies.

5. Process flow chart, origin of waste water, characteristics of waste water of Steel and Cement

Industry.

6. Treatment methods, disposal, reuse and recovery of Steel and Cement Industry waste water.


Lesson Plan

L39 Process flow chart, origin of waste water, characteristics of waste water of Dairy

Industry.

L40 Treatment methods, disposal, reuse and recovery of Dairy Industry waste water.


L41 Process flow chart, origin of waste water, characteristics of waste water of Canning

Industry.

L42 Treatment methods, disposal, reuse and recovery of Canning Industry waste water.


L43 Process flow chart, origin of waste water, characteristics of waste water of Steel and

Cement Industry.

L44 Treatment methods, disposal, reuse and recovery of Steel and Cement Industry

waste water. Effect of waste disposal on water bodies.

L45 Treatment methods, disposal, reuse and recovery of Steel and Cement Industry


Assignments

Q1. What are the sources of waste of a typical Indian Dairy, Canning, Steel& Cement Industry?

Q2. What is the composition of Dairy, Canning, Steel& Cement Industry waste?

Q3. What are the effects of Dairy, Canning, Steel& Cement Industry waste on receiving streams?

Q4. What are the biological treatment methods which can be adopted for treating wastes?

Unit 8: TREATMENT OF SELECTED INDUSTRIAL Number of Hours - 07

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WASTE-II


1. Process flow chart, origin of waste water, characteristics of waste water of Paper & Pulp

Industry.

2. Treatment methods, disposal, reuse and recovery of Paper & Pulp Industry waste water.


3. Process flow chart, origin of waste water, characteristics of waste water of

Pharmaceutical Industry.

4. Treatment methods, disposal, reuse and recovery of Pharmaceutical Industry waste

water. Effect of waste disposal on water bodies.

5. Process flow chart, origin of waste water, characteristics of waste water of Food

Processing Industry.

6. Treatment methods, disposal, reuse and recovery of Food Processing Industry waste

water. Effect of waste disposal on water bodies.

Lesson Plan

Assignments

Q1. Give the typical characteristics of the following industrial wastewater,

i) Paper & Pulp Industry ii) Pharmaceutical Industry


Paper & Pulp Industry.

L47 Treatment methods, disposal, reuse and recovery of Paper & Pulp Industry


L48 Treatment methods, disposal, reuse and recovery of Paper & Pulp Industry



Pharmaceutical Industry.

L50 Treatment methods, disposal, reuse and recovery of Pharmaceutical

Industry waste water. Effect of waste disposal on water bodies.


Food Processing Industry.

L52 Treatment methods, disposal, reuse and recovery of Food Processing

Industry waste water. Effect of waste disposal on water bodies.

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iii) Food Processing Industry

Q2. Explain with the help of a detailed flow sheet, a feasible option for treatment of effluents from

the following industries,

i) Paper & Pulp Industry ii) Pharmaceutical Industry

ii) Food Processing Industry

Portion of IA Test:

Test Units

First IA Test Unit I, II & III

Second IA Test IV, V, VI

Third IA Test VII, VIII

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URBAN TRANSPORT PLANNING

Subject Code :10CV843 IA Marks : 25

No. of Lecture Hours/Week : 04 Exam Hours : 03

Total No. of Lecture Hours : 52 Exam Marks : 100

PART - A

UNIT - 1

INTRODUCTION: Scope of Urban transport planning – Inter dependency of land use and traffic – System Approach to urban planning.

6 Hours

UNIT - 2

STAGES IN URBAN TRANSPORT PLANNING: Trip generation – Trip production - Trip

distribution – Modal split – Trip assignment.

6 Hours

UNIT - 3

URBAN TRANSPORT SURVEY - Definition of study area-Zoning-Types of Surveys – Inventory

of transportation facilities – Expansion of data from sample.

8 Hours

UNIT - 4

TRIP GENERATION: Trip purpose – Factors governing trip generation and attraction – Category

analysis – Problems on above

5 Hours

PART - B

UNIT - 5

TRIP DISTRIBUTION: Methods – Growth factors methods – Synthetic methods – Fractor and Furness

method and problems on the above.

5 Hours

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UNIT - 6

MODAL SPLIT: Factors affecting – characteristics of split – Model split in urban transport planning – problems on above

6 Hours

UNIT - 7

TRIP ASSIGNMENT: Assignment Techniques – Traffic fore casting – Land use transport models – Lowry

Model – Garin Lowry model – Applications in India – (No problems on the above)

8 Hours

UNIT - 8

URBAN TRANSPORT PLANNING FOR SMALL AND MEDIUM CITIES: Introduction – Difficulties

in transport planning – Recent Case Studies

8 Hours

TEXT BOOKS:

1. Traffic Engineering and Transport Planning- L.R. Kadiyali - Khanna Publishers.

2. Principles of urban transport system planning - B.G. Hutchinson - Scripta Book Co.,

Washington D.C. & McGraw Hill Book Co.

3. Introduction to transportation engineering- JotinKristey and Kentlal - PHI, New Delhi.

REFERENCE BOOKS:

1. Urban Transport planning- Black John - Croom Helm ltd, London.

2. Urban and Regional models in geography and planning- Hutchison B G - John Wiley and sons

London.

3. Entropy in urban and regional modeling- Wilson A G - Pion ltd, London.

1. Prerequisites of the course

During the V and VI Semester you have learnt Transportation –I & II, in which importance of transportation,

different modes of transportation, and their characteristics and comparison have been studied. In the present

VIII semester you must learn Planning of Transport facilities for urban area.

2. Overview of the course and its relevance

Mobility is a basic human need. From the times immemorial, everyone travels either for food or leisure. A

closely associated need is the transport of raw materials to a manufacturing unit or finished goods for

consumption. Transportation fulfills these basic needs of humanity. Transportation plays a major role in the

development of the human civilization. For instance, one could easily observe the strong correlation between

the evolution of human settlement and the proximity of transport facilities. Also, there is a strong correlation

between the quality of transport facilities and standard of living, because of which society places a great

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expectation from transportation facilities. In other words, the solution to transportation problems must be

analytically based, economically sound, socially credible, environmentally sensitive, and practically

acceptable and sustainable. Alternatively, the transportation solution should be safe, rapid, comfortable,

convenient, economical, and ecofriendly for both men and material.

3. Course Outcomes

The student will be able:

1) To understand the Scope of urban transport planning, Inter dependency of land use and traffic

flow

2) To describe, Trip generationTrip productionTrip distribution&Trip assignment

3) To Know the different types of surveys required for urban transportation, Zoning and

Understand inventory of transportation facilities and Expansion of data from sample

4) To study different factors governing trip generation and attraction and Purposes of trip

5) To appreciate the concept of Growth factor methods,Synthetic methods and to solve problems

independently on Frator and Furness method

6) To study the Characteristics and factors affecting modal split

7) To carry out Traffic forecasting and to know the applications of trip assignment in India

8) To explore the practical difficulties in transport planning& to know recent case studies

4. Relevance of the course

Transportation engineering is a very diverse and multidisciplinary field, which deals with the planning,

design, operation and maintenance of transportation systems. Good transportation is that which provides safe,

rapid, comfortable, convenient, economical, and environmentally compatible movement of both goods and

people. This profession carries a distinct societal responsibility. Transportation planners and engineers

recognize the fact that transportation systems constitute a potent force in shaping the course of regional

development. Planning and development of transportation facilities generally raises living standards and

enhances the aggregate of community values.

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5 . Application

The subject knowledge gained help in designing the geometric components of railway track and requirements

of an ideal permanent way. Also, this helps in designing of runway and Taxiway of Airport.

5. Unit wise Plan

Course Title : URBAN TRANSPORT PLANNING Code : 10CV843

UNIT-1: INTRODUCTION Planned Hours : 06

Learning Objectives: At the end of this unit student will understand:

1. Scope of urban transport planning

2. Inter dependency of land use and traffic flow.

Lesson Schedule :

Lecture No. Portion to be Covered in per hour lecture

L1. Introduction to urban transport planning

L2. Scope of urban transport planning.

L3. Land use pattern and Traffic flow

L4. Interdependency of Land use and Traffic.

L5. System Approach to urban transport planning

L6. Revision of the lessons stated above.

Assignment Questions:

1. With a help of a flow chart briefly explain the system approach to urban transport planning.

2.Explain how the various stages are planned in the transportation process.

3.Explain the scope of urban transport planning

4.How do you make interdependence of land use and traffic system to urban transport planning?

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Course Title : URBAN TRANSPORT PLANNING

Code : 10CV843

UNIT-2: STAGES IN URBAN TRANSPORT PLANNING Planned Hours : 06

Learning Objectives: At the end of this unit student will understand :

1. Trip generation

2. Trip production

3. Trip distribution

4. Trip assignment

Lesson Schedule :


L1. Trip generation.

L2. Trip production

L3. Trip distribution

L4. Modal split

L5. Trip assignment

L6. Revision of the cited lessons.


1. Indicate the importance of trip generation, trip attraction, trip distribution and modal split process

with their definitions.

2. Write descriptive notes on the following:

i)Factors governing trip generation and attraction rates.

ii) Intervening opportunities model in trip distribution.

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Code : 10CV843

UNIT-3: URBAN TRANSPORT SURVEY Planned Hours : 08


1. Types of surveys required for urban transportation

2. Zoning and inventory of transportation facilitites

3. Expansion of data from sample

Lesson Schedule :


L1. Definition of study area

L2. Zoning the areas

L3. Types of surveys

L4. Inventory of transportation facilities

L5. Expansion of data from sample

L6. Discussions on topics related to dealt lessons

L7. Solving previous year VTU question papers

L8. Revisions


1. What are the various surveys to be carried out in transport planning? Explain each of them in detail

2. Define zone. Mention the different factors considered in selection of zones.

3. What are the inventories of transport facilities? Explain Briefly.

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Code : 10CV843

UNIT-4: TRIP GENERATION Planned Hours : 05


1. Factors governing trip generation and attraction

2. Purpose of trip

Lesson Schedule :


L1. Trip purpose

L2. Factors governing trip generation and attraction

L3. Category analysis

L4. Problems on above



1. Classify the category analysis stating the assumptions.

2. Explain in detail various factors governing trip generation.

3. Explain: a) Home based trip b) Non home based trip


UNIT-5: TRIP DISTRIBUTION Planned Hours : 05


1. Growth factor methods of trip distribution

2. Concept of Synthetic methods and can solve independently problems on Fractor and Furness method

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Lesson Schedule :


L1. Methods of trip distribution

L2. Growth factor methods of trip distribution

L3. Synthetic methods

L4. Fractor and Furness method



1.List the methods available for trip distribution for future.Explain frator method of obtaining future trips.

2.ExplainFrator method and Furness method

3.Explain the advantage of gravity models over growth factor methods in trip distribution.


UNIT-6: MODAL SPLIT Planned Hours : 06


1. Characteristics and factors affecting modal split

Lesson Schedule :


L1. Factors affecting modal split

L2. Characteristics of split

L3. Model split in urban transport planning


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1.Explain the following:

a) Factors affecting modal split.

b) Modal split between trip generation and trip distribution, with the help of flow diagram

c) Log it analysis, a technique of modal split.

2)Explain briefly the various developments in modal split analysis.


UNIT-7: TRIP ASSIGNMENT Planned Hours : 08


1. Traffic forecasting

2. Applications of trip assignment in India

Lesson Schedule :


L1. Assignment Techniques of trip assignment

L2. Traffic forecasting

L3. Land use transport models

L4. Lowry Model

L5. Garin Lowry model

L6. Applications in India

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L7. No Problems on above but revision of theory dealt.

L8. No Problems on above but revision of theory dealt.


1.State the purpose for trip assignment. Explain any two methods of assignment techniques.

2.Explain clearly the Lowry model and state whether it can be applied to Indian Condition.Why?

Course Title : URBAN TRANSPORT PLANNING Code 10CV843

UNIT-8: URBAN TRANSPORT PLANNING FOR SMALL AND

MEDIUM CITIES

Planned Hours : 08


1. Practical difficulties in transport planning

2. Recent case studies

Lesson Schedule :


L1. Introduction

L2. Difficulties in Transport planning

L3. Difficulties in Transport planning

L4. Recent case studies





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1. What are the factors that govern the planning process for small and medium cities? How those

factors are taken care?

2. Explain the difficulties in transport planning for small and medium cities.


Test Units

First IA Test Unit I, II & III

Second IA Test IV, V, VI

Third IA Test VII, VIII

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Course File - BLDEACET

Documents