COURSE CURRICULUM MODULE 1Introduction MODULE 2Laws & Regulations MODULE 3Enforcement Procedures MODULE 4Legal Action MODULE 5Legal Metrology MODULE 6Field.

COURSE CURRICULUMCOURSE CURRICULUM

MODULE 1 Introduction

MODULE 2 Laws & Regulations

MODULE 3 Enforcement Procedures

MODULE 4 Legal Action

MODULE 5 Legal Metrology

MODULE 6 Field Standards & Test Equipment

MODULE 7 Basic Weighing / Measuring Principles

TRAINING FOR THETRAINING FOR THEWEIGHTS AND MEASURES OFFICIALWEIGHTS AND MEASURES OFFICIAL

COURSE CURRICULUMCOURSE CURRICULUM

MODULE 8 Device Type Evaluation

MODULE 9 Weighing Devices

MODULE 10 Measuring Devices

MODULE 11 Weighmaster Enforcement

MODULE 12 Petroleum Products

MODULE 13 Quantity Control

MODULE 14 Service Agencies and Agents


Tenth in a series of 14

Module TenModule Ten“Measuring Devices”“Measuring Devices”

Module TenModule Ten“Measuring Devices”“Measuring Devices”


General OverviewGeneral OverviewGeneral OverviewGeneral Overview

This module will:

Familiarize you with measuring devices

Introduce various terms and definitions

Discuss enforcement tools used by the field inspector

Prepare you for “hands on” field training

Be familiar with the reference tools used in inspection and testing measuring devices

Module ObjectivesModule ObjectivesModule ObjectivesModule Objectives

Understand the difference between commercial and non-commercial use

Distinguish various types of measuring devices, their applications, and use with different commodities

Understand the effects of temperature and pressure and how some measuring devices compensate for these variables

Introduction to Measuring DevicesIntroduction to Measuring DevicesIntroduction to Measuring DevicesIntroduction to Measuring Devices

What do time, water and electricity have in common?

How can the distance between two locations and

power top run an electric motor be related?

Time, water, electric powerTime, water, electric power and the distancedistance between two or more locations areare all commoditiescommodities that have value: A monetary value and a measured value

Introduction to Measuring DevicesIntroduction to Measuring DevicesIntroduction to Measuring DevicesIntroduction to Measuring Devices

TaxisTaxis

The cost is based on the distance and the time spent in traffic

Utility CompaniesUtility Companies

Charge is based on the amount of electricity, water, or natural gas we use

MunicipalitiesMunicipalities

Collect money from the timed parking meters

General RequirementsGeneral RequirementsGeneral RequirementsGeneral Requirements

California Code of RegulationsCalifornia Code of Regulations

Is the body of rules that give the specific requirements for all devices

Type-Approval Type-Approval

Is the process used to establish that devices maintain their accuracy and function properly under normal working conditions and do not facilitate fraud


Non-CommercialNon-CommercialAre devices not used to determine a charge, rather they generally are used in processing or manufacturing plants for the combining of material to make a final product, or used as inventory controls

Types of DevicesTypes of Devices

Commercial and Non-Commercial

CommercialCommercial

Are used to determine the charge for a commodity or service


Universal Device Identification RequirementsUniversal Device Identification Requirements

Manufacturer’s Name or Trademark

Model Designation

Non-repeating Serial Number


Under normal use, all measuring equipment shall:Under normal use, all measuring equipment shall:

Maintain their accuracy

Be suitable for the product measured

Be suitable for the environment. Not affected by wind, weather or Radio Frequency Interference

Be installed to manufacturer’s instructions

Have identification readily observable


Devices Shall:Devices Shall:

Be accessible for the testing equipment

Be located so testing equipment can properly function

Have a security seal affixed to the adjustment mechanism


Device Owner Shall:Device Owner Shall:

Supply any special facility, transportation and labor needed to inspect, test and seal their measuring device

Bring devices to a central location when required, usually for safety purposes


Primary Indicating ElementPrimary Indicating Element

The term “primary” is applied to those principal indicating (visual) elements designed to be used by the operator in a normal commercial use of a device

The term “primary” is applied to any element that is the determining factor in arriving at the sale representation, when used commercially

Read from a reasonable customer and operator positions

Regulatory RequirementsRegulatory RequirementsRegulatory RequirementsRegulatory Requirements

Retroactive Retroactive RequirementsRequirements

Enforceable to all equipment (Devices)

The requirements affect all of the devices already produced and to be produced

Non-Retroactive Non-Retroactive RequirementsRequirements

Apply only to those devices produced after the effective date

of the regulation

On the effective date a regulation takes place, it applies only tothose affected devices that are manufactured or imported into the State on or after that date, or tothe devices placed into commercial service for the first time

Types of Measuring DevicesTypes of Measuring DevicesTypes of Measuring DevicesTypes of Measuring Devices

Commodities can be sold and therefore measured as: liquids, gases, solids, and even time

Linear Measuring DevicesLinear Measuring Devices Linear Measuring DevicesLinear Measuring Devices

Units of DivisionsUnits of Divisions

DecimalDecimal

Division into tenths; this includes the metric system

DuodecimalDuodecimal

Division into twelfths; used by the Romans (example: 12-inch foot)

BinaryBinary

Divides a unit of measures into halves

SexagesimalSexagesimal

Division into 60 parts, used by the Babylonians (example: time and circles)

Linear Measuring DevicesLinear Measuring DevicesLinear Measuring DevicesLinear Measuring Devices

Yard SticksYard Sticks

If made of material softer than brass, it must have a metal tip as hard as brass

Can fold or flex

Cannot be made of cloth or any material that can stretch or shrink

Linear Measuring DevicesLinear Measuring DevicesLinear Measuring DevicesLinear Measuring Devices

Cloth Meters

Mechanical, uses rollers, pressure supplied by a spring and gears connect rollers to indicator

Cloth sold by the yard or binary subdivision of a yard

OdometersOdometersOdometersOdometers

Used by ambulances, rental cars, tow trucks

Two types: Mechanical and Electronic

Mechanical uses wire-type shaft that connects to either transmission or front tire

Electronic uses “pulse counter” on the transmission

Tire pressure affects accuracy

Measuring ContainerMeasuring ContainerMeasuring ContainerMeasuring Container

Measuring ContainerMeasuring Container

Used only once

Capacities in multiples of or binary submultiples of a quart or liter

Capacity is a defined by top edge

GraduatesGraduatesGraduatesGraduates

Designed to measure liquids

Filled to a designated line or to the top of the container

Straight-sided cylinder or a circular cone

Base and graduations perpendicular to the vertical axis

Can have single-scale or double-scale graduations

Dry MeasuresDry MeasuresDry MeasuresDry Measures

Rigid MeasureRigid Measure

Designed for repeated use in the measurement of solids

Not used as shipping container

Suitably strong material that will retain its shape during normal usage

Top edge reinforced

Wooden measure reinforced with a firmly attached metal band

Berry BasketsBerry BasketsBerry BasketsBerry Baskets

For Berries and Small FruitsFor Berries and Small Fruits

Capacities of 1 dry quart, 1 dry pint, or ½ dry pint Constructed of suitable materials that will retain their shape

Liquid Measuring DevicesLiquid Measuring DevicesLiquid Measuring DevicesLiquid Measuring Devices

TemperatureTemperature

Liquids and gases respond similarly to varying temperature

As temperature increases, volume of the gas/liquid also increases

Volume measurements usually referenced to a specific temperature, such as 68°F or 20°C

Coefficient of expansion is needed for correction


Boyle’s Law states:Boyle’s Law states: Volume of a gas varies inversely in proportion to the pressure on it, provided the temperature remains constant

As pressure increases volume decreases

PressurePressure

For gases the effect is of great concern

Effect of pressure on liquids is negligible


LiquidLiquid

A substance “in an intermediate state between the gaseous and solid states.”

“Under appropriate temperature and pressure conditions, most substances are able to exist in the liquid state.”

“Densities of liquids are usually lower than, but close to, the densities of the same substance in the solid state.”


Liquids that are measured can dramatically vary in Liquids that are measured can dramatically vary in temperature and pressuretemperature and pressure

Examples:Examples:

Gasoline is commonly held in underground storage tanks at about 55°F to 60°F

Propane boils at -44°F, must be kept in a high-pressure vessel in order to maintain the liquid state

Cryogenic Liquids have a boiling point of -243°F, but the pressures are relatively low

Cryogenic Meter


All have primary indication elements with the exception of water dispensers

Measured in an abundantchoice of units of measures:

Pints Quarts Liters Gallons Pounds Kilograms Cubic feet Cubic meters


Primary indicatorsPrimary indicators must be returned to a zero indication prior to dispensing

After liquid passes through the measuring device it cannot diverted from the discharge line


Liquid in the measuring chamber must be maintained in a liquid state

A Vapor Eliminator Vapor Eliminator is a device that removes the vapor from the liquid line prior to the measuring chamber


Discharge HosesDischarge HosesWet-HoseWet-Hose

A hose designated to operate with discharge hose full of liquid at all times

Must have an Anti-Drain ValveAnti-Drain Valve

This device prevents drainage of the liquid from the discharge hose

Dry-HoseDry-Hose

A hose intended to be completely drained at the end of each delivery


Temperature compensating mechanisms are required on liquefied petroleum gas with a flow rate of over 20 gallons per minute (100 liters per minute)

Temperature compensationis optional on other liquids

Temperature compensatingsystems usually correct thedelivered volume to 60°F(15°C)

Temperature CompensationTemperature Compensation

Temperature Compensator


ReceiptsReceipts

Shall be made available through a built-in or separate recording element for all transactions conducted with a debit, credit card or cash transaction

Printed or written receipts must have:

Total volume Unit price per volume Total computed price Name or symbol of the product

purchased

A-1 GasA-1 Gas

1234 High Street1234 High Street

Carlton, CA 00009Carlton, CA 00009

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

DATE:DATE: 12/30/0212/30/02

TIME:TIME: 10:14:49 am10:14:49 am

SHIFT:SHIFT: 00

CLERK:CLERK: 1313131313131313

REGISTER:REGISTER:

TRANSACTION:TRANSACTION: 3294232942

---REPRINT RECEIPT------REPRINT RECEIPT---

QTYQTY DESCRIPTIONDESCRIPTION PRICEPRICETOTALTOTAL

---------------- ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------

10.169 10.169 G RegularG Regular 1.3991.399 14.2314.23

--------------------------------------

10.169 Items Sold 10.169 Items Sold SUBTOTALSUBTOTAL 14.2314.23

--------------------------------------

AMOUNT DUEAMOUNT DUE 14.23 14.23

Timing DevicesTiming DevicesTiming DevicesTiming Devices

Time cannot be placed on a scale, held in a container, or measured with a ruler. But much of commerce dealswith time


Babylonians created the divisions of an hour into 60 minutes and the minute into 60 seconds

The Babylonian clock dripped water from one jar into another jar through a carefully calculated hole

The amount of time it takes for the water to completely drip from one jar to the next was the length of one day


Examples of Commercial Timing Examples of Commercial Timing DevicesDevices

Laundromat Laundromat DryersDryers

Parking MetersParking MetersTaximetersTaximeters

TaximetersTaximetersTaximetersTaximeters

Are unique devices in that they combine both a linear measuring component and a timing factor


1) 1) Linear MeasurementLinear Measurement

Mechanical (wire) or electronic (pulser) attachment to a wheel or transmission

Distance traveled divided into fractions, such as tenths or eighthsof a mile

Calculating element computes the amount charged based on the number of units (fractions of mile) traveled times the rate per unit of measure

Corresponding charge for that unit of distance

Tire size is important. As air pressure varies so does thecircumference of the tire


2) Time Factor2) Time Factor

Waiting periods or non-movement periods divided into blocks of time

Charge made for each block of time

ElectricityElectricityElectricityElectricity

What is Electricity?What is Electricity?

It is a substance without physical shape or weight

It is the flow of electrons along a conductor


The four elements that make up the measurement of The four elements that make up the measurement of electricity are:electricity are:

Amperes (Amps):Amperes (Amps): Rate of flow of electrical current or electron movement

Amps = Volts/OhmsAmps = Volts/Ohms

Ohm:Ohm: Practical unit of electrical resistance

Ohms = Volts/AmpsOhms = Volts/Amps

Volts (Voltage):Volts (Voltage): Electrical pressure that causes an electron flow circuit. always measured across two points

Watt:Watt: Practical unit of active power and rate that energy is delivered to a circuit

Watts = Volts x AmpsWatts = Volts x Amps


Two factors to consider when dealing with electricity are powerpower and energyenergy

Power Power is the rate at which an electrical circuit performs work. Power is expressed in thousands of watts or kilowattskilowatts

Energy Energy is power multiplied by time. Consumption of electrical energy is measured in kilowatt-hourskilowatt-hours


JurisdictionJurisdiction

California Public Utilities Commission has oversight of the sale of electricity from public utilities

California Weights and Measures has jurisdiction over sub-metered utility meters

Sub-metered utility meters (water, gas and electricity) are meters owned and operated by the property owners of the apartments,mobile home parks and marinas

California is one of the few weights and measures jurisdictions to regulate these sub-meters

Electric Watt-Hour MetersElectric Watt-Hour MetersElectric Watt-Hour MetersElectric Watt-Hour Meters

By 1890’s the electro-mechanical meter with rotating disk connected to series of dials calibrated in kilowatt hours

Initially developed by Thomas Edison in 1882Initially developed by Thomas Edison in 1882

In early designs weight loss from zinc electrodes determined electrical use

Electric Watt-Hour MetersElectric Watt-Hour MetersElectric Watt-Hour MetersElectric Watt-Hour Meters

Solid state electronic watt-hour meter technology developed in the late Twentieth Century

Computer SoftwareComputer SoftwareComputer SoftwareComputer Software

Is used in the measurement process for devices such as retail motor fuel dispensers, electronic cash registers, liquefied petroleum gas meters, electric meters and taxi meters

Software that affects the metrological components must undergo the type-approval process

Software can be used to interpret the signal from a meter pulser and converts to a unit of measure

Software can be used to calibrate and configure parameters that affect the metrological (accuracy affecting) components

Audit TrailsAudit TrailsAudit TrailsAudit Trails

Exist only in electronic devices or mechanical devices connected to a computer or electronic display that can affect calibration

An electronic count and/or information record of the changes to the values of the calibration or configuration parameters of a device

Enables information to be viewed or printed to determine if any changes have been made

A tool for the weights and measures official to determine if any changes have been made to adjustable parameters

Certificates of Approval contain the information on how to access the audit trail information for a particular device or system

Audit TrailsAudit TrailsAudit TrailsAudit Trails

The California Code of Regulations, Handbook 44 and Publication 14, contain specific information on audit trail requirements

Publication 14 is a checklist of test procedures for evaluating weighing and measuring devices and includes detailed audit trial criteria

As new technology is introduced, audit trail criteria are amended to help ensure fraud does not go undetectedwhether accidental or intentional

SummarySummarySummarySummary

Commodities That Are MeasuredCommodities That Are Measured

Commercial Vs Non-CommercialCommercial Vs Non-Commercial

General Requirements for Device and OwnerGeneral Requirements for Device and Owner

Specific Devices Used to MeasureSpecific Devices Used to Measure

Software and Audit TrailsSoftware and Audit Trails

Reference Tools AvailableReference Tools Available

ConclusionConclusionConclusionConclusion

This training module has provided you with a This training module has provided you with a better understanding of measuring devices, the better understanding of measuring devices, the products that they measure and the resources products that they measure and the resources available to aid you in their inspection.available to aid you in their inspection.

This Concludes Module 10This Concludes Module 10“Measuring Devices”“Measuring Devices”

This Concludes Module 10This Concludes Module 10“Measuring Devices”“Measuring Devices”


COURSE CURRICULUM MODULE 1Introduction MODULE 2Laws & Regulations MODULE 3Enforcement Procedures MODULE 4Legal Action MODULE 5Legal Metrology MODULE 6Field.

Documents

measuring devices module

equipment module

devices module objectives

introduction module

measuring devices training

general requirements

service slide

devices n