Country Profiles - UNECE

Country Profileson Housing and Land ManagementRepublic of ArmeniaRepublic of Armenia

UNECE

UNITED NATIONS

COUNTRY PROFILESON

HOUSING AND LAND MANAGEMENT

REPUBLIC OF ARMENIA

UNITED NATIONS

NOTE

iii

FOREWORD

Country Profiles on Housing and Land Management

v

PREFACE

Social Housing in UNECE region: Models, trends, and challenges ( Good practices for Energy-Efficient Housing in the UNECE Region Climate Neutral Cities: How to make cities less energy and carbon intensive and more resilient to climatic challenges Green Homes: Towards energy-efficient housing in the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe region

Self-Made Cities: In search of sustainable solutions for informal settlements in the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe region

Guidelines on social housing: principles and examples Housing finance systems for countries in transition: principles and examples Guidelines on condominium ownership of housing for countries in transition

Geneva UN Charter on Sustainable Housing Strategy for Sustainable Housing and Land Management in the ECE region for the period 2014-2020

vii

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

UNECE SECRETARIAT

INTERNATIONAL EXPERTS

NATIONAL EXPERTS

Supervision: Interagency Commission in the Republic of Armenia

National Experts Group in the Republic of Armenia

viii

ix

CONTENTS

FOREWORD ...................................................................................................................................... iii

PREFACE .............................................................................................................................................. v

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ................................................................................................................ vii

ABBREVIATIONS, ACRONYMS, SYMBOLS AND CURRENCY CONVERSION ................. xiii

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ................................................................................................................... 1

CHAPTER I Overview ..................................................................................................................... 9

CHAPTER II Housing .................................................................................................................... 15

CHAPTER III Urban Development and Urban Planning ................................................. 67

Chapter IV Land Administration ............................................................................................. 85

x

Chapter V Financial Framework for Housing and Land .............................................. 101

RECOMMENDATIONS ................................................................................................................ 107

ANNEXES ........................................................................................................................................ 121

SOURCES ........................................................................................................................................ 127

LIST OF TABLES

xi

LIST OF MAPS

LIST OF FIGURES

PHOTO CREDITS

Ministry of Urban Development, Republic of Armenia

xiii

ABBREVIATIONS, ACRONYMS, SYMBOLS AND CURRENCY CONVERSION

ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS

xiv

SYMBOLS

CURRENCY CONVERSION

1

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

General situation

Housing sector

Statistical Yearbook of Armenia 2015

2

3

4

Urban development and planning

5

Land administration

6

Financial framework

7

8

Source:

9

CHAPTER I Overview

Geography

Nature and climate


10

Map of Armenia

Source:

Social and economic development


11

Trend in GDP growth, 1991-2014

Source:

Population and demographic indicators

Labour Market in the Republic of Armenia 2010-2014


12

Government and administrative division

13

Administrative map of Armenia

Source:

14

Source:

15

CHAPTER II Housing

A. Housing policy

16

17

18

B. Analysis of the existing housing stock

Housing stock in Armenia, 2002 and 2009–2014

Source: Statistical Yearbook of Armenia 2015,

19

Types of dwellings, 2009 and 2014

Total dwellings Apartments Private dwellings

(single-family houses)

2009 2014 2009 2014 2009 2014

Total

Units 832 675 863 307 430 693 435 348 401 982 427 959

Growth, percentage 3.7 1.1 6.5 Source: Statistical Yearbook of Armenia 2015,

Multi-apartment buildings by number of storeys and type of wall materials, 2014

Wall materials of buildings (Percentage)

stone panel monolithic others

Number of apartment buildings

Number of storeys

20

Source: Housing stock and communal services in 2014,

Age of the housing stock, 2014

Buildings*

Year built

before 1950

1951-1970

1971-1980

1981-1990

1991-2000

2001 and

later

Armenia

Yerevan

Source: Housing stock and communal services in 2014.

21

B.1 Housing tenure system

Right to housing

22

Land title

23

Housing ownership structure

B.2 Management of multi-apartment buildings

Legislative regulation of multi-apartment buildings management

24

A condominium

25

A managing proxy

Trust management

26

Existing system of multi-apartment buildings management

Statistical Yearbook of Armenia 2015.

27

Changes in the methods of multi-apartment building management, 2009-2014


Note:

Methods of multi-apartment building management, 2014

Total Cities Villages

28


29

Maintenance of common property in multi-apartment buildings

30

31

B.3 Information support for multi-apartment building management


32

B.4 Renovation, reinforcement and modernization of existing housing stock

33

Renovated residential buildings, 2009-2014

2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

Total 607 806 1 414 1 099 867 474 Source: Statistical Yearbook of Armenia 2015

Costs of residential buildings renovation, 2009-2014

2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

34

Total 309 594.9 579 530.5 1 735 807.4 1 026 613.0 549 205.9 391 786.2 Source: Statistical Yearbook of Armenia 2015

C. Housing availability

Housing availability, 2009-2014

Housing floor space 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

Total 28.3 29.2 30.6 30.9 31.4 31.6


35

Average size of a dwelling

Average total floor space Floor space

Total Urban areas Rural areas

Source:

Housing need

36

Government and municipal housing programmes

37

Construction of social and affordable housing

38Improving Energy Efficiency in Buildings

39

Rental housing

D. Communal infrastructure and public services

Citizens' access to utility services

40

Households' access to drinking water, 2008 and 2014

Main source of water

Total Cities Rural areas

2008 2014 2008 2014 2008 2014

Source:

41

D.1 Quality of municipal infrastructure and public services and role of different stakeholders in their provision

42

43

44

Energy sector players in Armenia

Source: KAVPOLIT

Gas supply

45

Heat supply

46

Water supply

47

D.2 Provision of utility services

Engagement of private operators in the provision of public services

48

49

Quality standards of utility services

50

Utility services provision to household consumers

D.3 Utility rate policies

51

Electrical power rates for the population (including VAT), 2009-2014

1 April 2009 – 6 July 2013

7 July 2013 – 31 July 2014

1 August 2014 - 31 July 2015

From 1 August 2015

Source:

KAVPOLIT

52

E. Energy efficiency and energy savings in housing

Legal framework

53

The State policies on energy saving and renewable energy should be based on the principle of the voluntary participation of stakeholders

Construction Thermophysics of Building Envelopes. Design StandardsHandbook of Construction Thermophysics of Building Envelopes

54

Institutional framework

Activities and ongoing projects to improve energy efficiency in housing

55

56

The role of commercial banks and international organizations in enhancing energy efficiency and energy savings in the residential sector

F. Housing market

57

Real estate transactions

2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

Source: Statistical Yearbook of Armenia 2015

58

G. Housing construction

Construction procedures


59

Housing demand and supply

60

Public and private housing construction


61

H. Mitigation of natural disaster risks

62

Earthquakes

Year Location Magnitude

Reducing Disaster Risk: A Challenge for Development,

63

Seismically hazardous areas in Armenia

Landslides and mudflows

64

Landslide-prone areas in Armenia

Caucasus Environment Outlook (CEO)

65

Mudflow-prone areas in Armenia

66

Technological (man-made) disasters

Third National Communication (TNC) on Climate Change of the Republic of Armenia

67

CHAPTER III Urban Development and Urban Planning

A. Main drivers of urban development and historical trends in urbanization

Urban and rural population dynamics

Year

Population, thousands,

at the beginning of the year Percentage of total

population

Total Urban Rural Urban Rural

Source:*

Patterns of urbanization across the country

68

Cities of Armenia by population size group

Population size group Number of cities Name of cities

69

Source: 2011 Population Census

Impact of urbanization – key challenges and opportunities

70

71

B. Urban development and spatial planning - including planning at national, regional and municipal levels

Legal and institutional framework governing urban and spatial planning

“

Spatial planning documents at different levels

National level

Regional level

Local level

Source:

72

73

Strategic Environmental Assessment of the Yerevan City Master Plan

Zvf

74

C. Development, management and basic principles of the five-year95 Community Development Programme

GOV.UK

75

D. Regional development in Armenia

76

Per capita GDP ratio of Yerevan and regions of Armenia to country average, 2009-2012

Region 2009 2010 2011 2012

2012 Per capita GDP Index

(2009 = 100)

TotalSource:

77

78

E. Smart cities

79

80

F. Urban sprawl and its management

OECD Green Growth Studies

81

G. Sustainable cities / green architecture

82

National Planning Policy Framework,

83

H. Architectural, historical and cultural heritage conservation

.

84

I. Spatial planning and urban development impacts on the environment and resilience to disasters

Third National Communication on Climate Change

85

Chapter IV Land Administration

A. Regulatory and legal framework

The Constitution of the Republic of Armenia (2005)

The Civil Code of the Republic of Armenia (1998)

The Land Code of the Republic of Armenia (2001)

86

B. State land cadastre of Armenia

Land Administration Guidelines: With Special Reference to Countries in Transition

Agricultural & Rural Development Notes

87

Composition of the SCREC staff

Position Location Job Description

88

Source:

Applications processed by the SCREC in 2013

Type of business operation Number of applications

Total 190 690 Source:

89Survey on Land Administration Systems

90

C. Geodetic network of Armenia and topographical maps

Groups Subgroups

Doing business, 2014: Understanding Regulations for Small and Medium-Size Enterprises..

91

Cadastral Register

Section # Filing Name

Source:

92Survey on Land Administration Systems

93

D. Land administration

Rural Land in Armenia: Formation Peculiarities and Development Trends

94

Gross agricultural output, 2010-2014

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

Source: Statistical Yearbook of Armenia, 2015,

95

E. Land valuation

Land Administration Guidelines with Special Reference to Countries in Transition

96

F. Real estate taxes and land taxes

Land tax

Land tax rates

Category of land

Tax rate, percentage of

approximate net cadastral value Notes

97

Source: Armenia Pocket Tax Book,

Real estate tax

Number of objects of real estate valued for tax purposes in Armenia, 2013

Object type Number(000) Tax rate (percentage of cadastral value)

Sources:

G. Land policy

Spatial Science

98

Hierarchy of land issues implemented in sustainable development

Land policy(values, objectives and legal regulatory framework)

Land management(includes the core functions: land tenure, land value, land use, land development)

Land Administration System

Spatial Data Infrastructure(access to and interoperability of cadastral and

other land-related information)

Land registry &cadastre

Landparcel Sustainable development

(economic, environmental, social andgovernance dimensions)

Source:

Innovations in Land Rights Recognition, Administration, and Governance

99

Land categories in Armenia

Land management categories

Area, thousands of hectares

Area, percentage

Total 2 974.3 100.0Source: Environmental Statistics of Armenia for 2014

Third National Report on the Implementation of the Convention to Combat Desertification in Armenia,

100

Source:

101

Chapter V Financial Framework for Housing and Land

Public and private finance of housing and land

Residential investment

Structure of housing construction finance in 2014

Source of financing Construction (current prices),

million drams

Same period in 2013,

percentage

Total 111 214.8 83.2

Source:

Renovation investment

102

Rental housing investment

Land investment

Housing affordability, availability of housing construction finance, and funding of housing improvements

103

B.1 The role of national and local authorities in housing finance

Statistical Yearbook of Armenia 2014,

104

B.2 Mortgage market

105

Source:

106

Source:

Source: Ministry of Urban Development, Republic of Armenia

107

RECOMMENDATIONS

Housing

1. Develop a strategic approach for the sustainable development of the housing sector

2. Improve the multi-apartment building management and maintenance system

108

109

3. Improve the housing conditions of households that are not able to purchase their own housing in the market

110

4. Improve the approach of public funding support regarding renovation and energy-efficiency improvements in multi-apartment buildings, to encourage homeowner participation

5. Improve the quality of the provision and affordability of communal infrastructure and utility services

111

6. Establish a centralized information system on multi-apartment building management

112

Urban development and urban planning

7. Improve urban development policies

113

8. Develop better regional development policies

114

9. Further improve the Master Plan implementation

10. Improve the five-year Community Development Programme

11. Apply the compact city concept with a focus on sustainability

115

12. Improve environmental protection policies

116

13. Improve architectural and historical heritage conservation

14. Develop further measures to mitigate natural hazards consequences and adapt to climate change

117

Land administration

15. Update national maps

16. Improve land administration policies

118

17. Promote investment in the land market

18. Implement the World Bank/FAO Land Governance Assessment Framework

Financial framework for housing and land management

19. Develop a unified approach to the implementation of national policies in the housing finance and housing sectors

119

20. Ensure a stable flow of long-term investment in the country's economy, a necessary prerequisite for the development of housing finance

21. Encourage the development of housing finance mechanisms

120

22. Actively promote the development of new financial products

121

ANNEXES

123Ris

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the

regi

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of A

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the

city

of Y

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Regi

on

Risk

Eart

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kes

Hai

lstor

ms

Floo

ds

Land

slide

s Ch

emic

al

emiss

ions

Sn

ow

Stor

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flood

s Fr

osts

M

arsh

es

Win

ds

Drou

ghts

Av

erag

e

Aver

age

0.6

0.6

0.53

0.

5 0.

5 0.

49

0.47

0.

31

0.28

0.

25

0.19

--

124Key

hou

sing

con

stru

ctio

n in

dica

tors

20

06

2007

20

08

2009

20

10

2011

20

12

2013

20

14

Stat

istic

al Y

earb

ook

of A

rmen

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015

125

IT infrastructure of the State Committee of Real Estate Cadastre

Source:

Utility services provider

Government of Armenia

SCREC portal

Government agencies

Local governments

Customers

Centralized GIS database

127

SOURCES

Armenia Title Registration Project

. Project Strategic Plans

“Yerevan TPP” CJSC

Third National Communication on Climate Change Under the United Nations Framework on Climate Change

Labour Market in the Republic of Armenia, 2010-2014

Employment - Labour Resources of the Republic of Armenia

Living Conditions – 85. Poverty Indicators

Main Indicators of Agriculture – 206. Total Land Area and Agricultural Lands by Types

System of National Accounts – 170. Economic Indicators

Time Series

Powerpoint presented at the workshop Scaling-UpRenewable Energy Program (SREP) Investment Plan for Armenia under the Climate Investment Fund

Analitikaua

128

Armenpress,

. Cross-Border Transfers of Natural Persons (residents and non-residents)

Analitikaua

Guiding Principles for Sustainable Spatial Development of the European Continent

Energy Strategy of Armenia - Accomplishments, Challenges, Next Steps.

Scidev,

Armtoday,

REGNUM

NewEurope,

Compact City Policies: A Comparative Assessment

129

Prian,

Prian,

Noev Kovcheg

Emerging Mortgage Finance in Armenia

Kavpolit

REGNUM,

Miasin,

National Planning Policy Framework

. Proportion of Population Using Improved Drinking Water Sources (2015)

Proportion of Population Using Improved Sanitation Facilities (2015)

Reducing Disaster Risk: A Challenge for Development (A Global Report)

Improving Energy Efficiency in Buildings

130

Land (Real Estate) Mass Valuation Systems for Taxation Purposes in Europe.

Personal Remittances, Received (% of GDP)

World Development Indicators

Websites:

131

Palais des NationsCH - 1211 Geneva 10, SwitzerlandTelephone: +41(0)22 917 44 44Fax: +41(0)22 917 05 05E-mail: [email protected]: http://www.unece.org

Information ServiceUnited Nations Economic Commission for Europe

The UNECE Committee on Housing and Land Management, is an intergovern-mental body representing all 56 UNECE member States. We provide countries with a forum for compiling, disseminating and exchanging information on housing, spatial planning and land administration.

To improve the economic and social development of countries with economies in transition, we can suggest innovative ways for different levels of Government

advice on policies and strategies for the housing and land administration sectors.

www.unece.org/housing

Coun

try

Profi

les

on H

ousi

ng a

nd L

and

Man

agem

ent

Repu

blic

of A

rmen

ia

Republic of Armenia

ISBN 978-92-1-117126-6

Printed at United Nations, Geneva1700531 (E)–February 2017–667ECE/HBP/186United Nations publicationSales No E.17.II.E.6

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