Country Presentation: Bangladesh Perspectives and ... - ESCAP

Country Presentation: Bangladesh Perspectives and Challenges on Reducing Emission

from Transport

MARUFA ISMATCHIEF TRANSPORT ECONOMISTROADS AND HIGHWAYS DEPARTMENT (RHD)GOVERNMENT OF THE PEOPLE`S REPUBLIC OF BANGLADESH

Expert Group Meeting on Climate ChangeMitigation and Adaptation in Transport 22-23September 2020

Overview of Bangladesh

• Population : 167.47 million (2019)

• Boundary : India, Myanmar & Bay of Bengal

• Area : 147570 sq. km

• Territorial Water : 200 nautical miles

• Population Density : 1135 per sq. km

• Employment /Population Ratio : 55.8 % (age 15+)

• Per Capita GDP : US$ 1828 at current price

• GDP Growth : 8.15 % in 2018-19

Source: Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics (BBS)

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Overview of Transport Sector

• Share of Land Transport Sector to GDP : 7.01% (2018-19)

• GDP Growth Rate of Land Transport Sector : 7.06% (2018-19)

• ADP Allocation in 2020-2021 for Transport Sector : US$616,315.46 Million (25.44%)

• Total Road Network in Bangladesh: 375,353 kilometer (highways & rural roads)

• Total Number of Registered Motor Vehicle in Bangladesh: 4,471,625 (June 2020)

• No. of Ports : a) Land Port: 24 (12 in operation) b) Sea Port: 3 (Chattogram, Mongla and Payra)c) Inland River port: 29 d) Airport: 3 International (Dhaka, Chattogram & Sylhet) & 8 Domestic

Source: Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics (BBS)

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Development Prospects Climate Change Challenges

• In terms GDP growth rate, PCI, poverty rate, fertility rate, lifeexpectancy, child mortality, literacy rate, food sufficiency,employment rate the country has fulfilled all criteria of graduatingfrom least developed country to a status of developing country,However….

• Frequent & severe tropical cyclones, erratic rainfall, flood &droughts, sea level rise, warmer and humid weather are the majorchallenges of climate change

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Climate Situation of Bangladesh

• Ranked as 6th among the most at risk countries from extreme events dueto climate change

• Approximately 40 million people 19 coastal districts of Bangladesh areunder the direct threat of displacement being homeless

• Cyclones and storm surges with high intensity & frequency, cropdevastation due to flood, rising salinity in the coastal belt are the majorobserved impact of climate change in Bangladesh

• Threaten food security, livelihoods, health and education of the poor

• Climate change impacts are seriously affecting Government’s efforts in reducing the poverty level

Source: Delta Plan 2100

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• Annual Development Program

• Perspective Plans : 2010-2021, 2021-2041

• Bangladesh Delta Plan 2100 (Vision: Achieving a safe, climate resilient and prosperous delta)

• UN Sustainable Development Goals 2030 ( Resilient Road Infrastructure)

• 8th Five Year Plan 2021-2025

• Blue Economy Action Plan (Modal Shifting)

National Development Plan/Policies

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Transport Sector Policies/Laws/Acts

• National Integrated Multimodal Transport Policy 2013

• Road Transport Law 2018

• Vehicle Axle Load Control Station Operation Policy 2012

• Toll Policy 2014

• RHD Land Management Policies 2015

• Road Master Plan 2009

• Road Maintenance Fund Board Act 2013

• Bus Rapid Transit Act 2016

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Highway Network under RHD

• Total Length under Roads and Highways Department (RHD) is 22,363 km

• National Highway 3944 km (103 nos.)

• Regional Highway 4883 km (148 nos.)

• District Road 13,536 km (708 nos.)

• Number of Bridge 4404 , Culverts 14,814 and Ferries 71 at 39 Ferry Ghats

• Currently, Road Network Good & Fair Condition is 81.4%

National Highway

18%

Regional Highway

22%

District Road60%

Types of RHD Road

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Highway Development Strategies

• Upgrade National Highways into 4/6/8 lane with provision of separate service lane on both sides

• Constructing 4 lane bridges to ensure uninterrupted traffic flow

• Upgrade Economic Road Corridors as a part of Asian Highway Route

• Improve border access road, sea port link roads and integrate transport modes to facilitate cross border traffic

• Prepare road design considering of axle load and climate impact

• Improving road safety by identification & treating black spots on National Highways

• Link Economic Zones /Special Economic Zones/ Export Processing Zones

• Introduce integrated high-speed mass transport system by constructing Bus Rapid Transit (BRT), Metro Rail Lines and Mass Rapid Transit

• Construct Eastern Bypass Embankment and Dhaka Circular road and integrate these with waterways

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Major National Responses to Tackle Climate Change Risks

• Constitutional Provision of Bangladesh (Article 18A)

• Bangladesh Climate Change Strategy and Action Plan 2009 (BCCSAP)

• Bangladesh Climate Change Trust Fund

• Nationally Determined Contributions (NDC)

• Initiatives on Renewable

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Response to Climate Change Adaptation & Mitigation

• Address root cause of climate change: Reducing Emission ofGreenhouse Gases (GHG) preferably at source

• Government of Bangladesh declared that country would‘adapt’ to climate change and pursue ‘low carbondevelopment’ without compromising the economic growth (asper BCCSAP /Theme 5)

BCCSAP=Bangladesh Climate Change Strategy and Action Plan

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Air Pollution

• Air pollution is mainly happening due to emission of black carbonfrom vehicular emission, brick kilns and industries as well as dustpollution due to constructions and vehicular movement

• 11 continuous air quality measuring stations located in 8 cities

• Showing 2 major air quality parameters, PM2.5 and PM 10concentrations are higher than the standard value during dry season

• Other air quality parameters like CO, SOx, NOx, O3 are withinnational standard almost round the year

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Vehicle Emission

• Vehicle Emission Standards in Bangladesh were introduced in theyear 2005 (Bangladesh Gazette SRO 220-Law/2005 of 19, July 2005)

• In-use vehicle emission inspection and maintenance (I/M)programme is conducted by the Department of Environment (DoE)

• Vehicle population is over 4471 thousand of which around 22% areoperated by diesel fuel

• Motorcycles and diesel vehicles are found to be worst polluters

• Vehicles are imported from China, India and South Korea (new one)and Japan (reconditioned)

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Initiatives by GoB to Reduce Pollution & Emission from Transport

• Compressed Natural Gas (CNG) was first introduced in Bangladesh by Rupantarita Prakritik Gas Company Limited (RPGCL) in 1982 under World Bank pilot project

• Introduction of CNG (Compressed Natural Gas) as alternative fuel

(Conversion of Diesel Bus & Trucks and Light Motor Vehicle to CNG system)

• Removal of 2 Stroke 3 wheeler vehicles

• Use of CNG operated Auto-Rickshaw

• Measures to Control Diesel Smoke from Buses and Trucks

• Shifting towards less polluting public transport modes like BRT, MRT etc. for safe passenger mobility

• Provision on service lane on both side of 4 lane highways for safe passenger mobility

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Climate Change Impact on RHD Road Network

• Road network suffers from increased flood and erosion damage, increasedfatigue damage, increased obstructions by debris after cyclones and stormsurges, rising sea levels and salinity impacts in coastal areas due to climatechange impact

• Extreme climate events disrupt transport operation including port and coastalroads inundation/ submersion, access restrictions etc causing business loss

• Deterioration of condition and structural integrity of road pavements and rapidfailure of bridges and railway track damage causing destroy transportinvestment. Repair, operation and maintenance cost of rural infrastructure willincrease

• Cost of new road infrastructure project will be higher due to higher designstandard required to climate proof investment

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Climate Change Impact on RHD Road Network

Impact of Extreme Climatic Events on Road Transport System

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RHD Initiatives to Assess Climate Change Impact

• Study on Effect of Climate Change on National and Regional Highwaysof Bangladesh and Climate Resilient Design for Highways in the CoastalRegion is being carried on

• The study to prepare manual on Climate Resilient Design of the riskyroad section and bridges/culverts of coastal road network under RHD

• 15 nos. road of total length 740 kilometer in Chattogram will be assessed

• climate change vulnerability assessment, identification of potential riskspot, climate resilient design for risky road section, data inventory etc.

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Adaptation & Mitigation

Thank You