Insert Photo here Disclaimer IOM has carried out the gathering of information with great care. IOM provides information at its best knowledge and in all conscience. Nevertheless, IOM cannot assume to be held accountable for the correctness of the information provided. Furthermore, IOM shall not be liable for any conclusions made or any results, which are drawn from the information provided by IOM. Credit: IOM/ 2007 2018 Vietnam Country Fact Sheet
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Insert Photo here
DisclaimerIOM has carried out the gathering of information with great care. IOM provides
information at its best knowledge and in all conscience. Nevertheless, IOM cannot assume to be held accountable for the correctness of the information provided.
Furthermore, IOM shall not be liable for any conclusions made or any results, which are drawn from the information provided by IOM.
Credit: IOM/ 2007
2018
Vietnam
Country Fact Sheet
I. CHECKLIST FOR VOLUNTARY RETURN1. Before the return2. After the return
II. HEALTH CARE1. General information2. Medical treatment and medication
III. LABOUR MARKET AND EMPLOYMENT1. General information2. Ways/assistance to find employment3. Unemployment assistance4. Further education and trainings
IV. HOUSING1. General Information2. Ways/assistance to find accommodation3. Social grants for housing
V. SOCIAL WELFARE1. General Information2. Pension system3. Vulnerable groups
VI. EDUCATIONAL SYSTEM1. General Information2. Cost, loans and stipends3. Approval and verification of foreign diplomas
VII. CONCRETE SUPPORT FOR RETURNEES1. Reintegration assistance programs2. Financial and administrative support3. Support to start income generating activities
VIII. CONTACT INFORMATION AND USEFUL LINKS1. International, Non-Governmental, Humanitarian Organizations2. Relevant local authorities 3. Services assisting with the search for jobs, housing, etc. 4. Medical Facilities5. Other Contacts
2For further information please visit the information portal on
voluntary return and reintegration ReturningfromGermany:
The returnee should✓ prepare travel documents with a valid
passport or laissez-passer
✓ request documents from the Germanauthorities that might be needed later on,such as birth certificate, marriagecertificate, divorce certificate, educationalcertificates, etc. issued in Germany.
✓ get information concerning the arrival atthe airport and the onward journey. Thereare shuttle buses from the airport to thecity center and bus stations for onwardtransportation to other provinces and taxisfor specific transport demands.
✓ there are no vaccinations required forVietnamese to enter the country
✓ find a temporary accommodation
I. Checklist for Voluntary Return
After the Return
The returnee should✓ carry out residence book registration.
✓ register his/her children up to 6 years oldwith free health insurance by thegovernment. This should be done at thePeople’s Committee at commune orprecinct level, where the returnee has theirresidence registered. The birth certificate ofthe child is required
✓ apply for social welfare
✓ contact local schools or other educationalinstitutions for the education of theirchildren
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Insert Photo here
Credit: IOM/ Nguyen Khac Son 2011
1. General Information
Vietnam’s health care system is divided incompulsory health insurance and voluntaryhealth insurance.
Compulsory health insurance:Employees of companies or organizationsparticipating in the compulsory social insuranceneed to join compulsory health insurance. (forthe fees: see Table 1). Pupils and students alsoparticipate in the compulsory health insurance.Participants should pay compulsory socialinsurance, health insurance, and unemploymentinsurance all together at the same time
Benefits:The public insurance covers a certainpercentage of medication and treatmentdepending on the classification of theparticipant and the hospital he/she chooses.
Costs:
Voluntary health insurance:This insurance is open to all members of onehousehold except for those paying compulsoryhealth insurance.
Children up to 6 years old are provided withfree health insurance by the government.Contact the people’s committee whereregistered for the free health insurance card,birth certificate and residence registrationdocuments of the child are needed.
The first person registered in the householdpays 4.5% of the general minimal salary eachmonth; the second, third, and fourth person pay90%, 80%, 70% of the fees paid by the firstperson; the fifth person pays 60%. Minimumsalaries are defined and adjusted by thegovernment. For registration it is necessary tocontact agencies of social insurance at thepeople’s committee at the registered area.
2. Medical treatment and medication
Medical facilities and doctors:Please see lists of hospitals in regional centersunder VIII. Provincial hospitals specialized intreating serious diseases, offer all essentialdiagnostic services and are equipped withnecessary facilities.
Procedure of admission:Health care services are open to everyone;national ID and health insurance card arerequired. If the beneficiary has no insurance, heor she has to bear all costs.
Availability and costs of medication:Most of the common medical generics areavailable inVietnam.
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II. Health Care
Health Care System: Access for Returnees
Eligibility and requirements:
Voluntary health insurance should be purchased for the whole family except members, who already
participate in Public Insurance with their companies/offices/schools.
Registration procedure :
Voluntary health insurance can be purchased at the Social Insurance Agency at the commune/precinct
where the applicant has residence registration.
Required documents:The applicant needs a national ID, household registration book (or temporary residence registration),and health insurance cards of other family members (if any) for voluntary health insuranceregistration.
Cost of employer (% of salary)Social insurance Health insurance Unemployment
insurance18 3 1
Cost of employee (% salary)8 1,5 1
2.Ways/assistance to find employment
Public employment assistance centers areavailable in all provinces. Private services alsoexist in big cities. Vacant positions areannounced in mass media.• www.vietnamwork.com• www.careerlink.vn• www.mywork.com
3. Unemployment assistance
General information on public and/or privateunemployment assistance:Employees with non-fixed term contracts orfixed term contracts of at least 3 months, haveto participate in the unemployment insurance.
To be eligible one must have:
• Paid unemployment insurance fees for 24 to36 months before the labor contracttermination.
• submitted an application for unemploymentallowance within 3 months after contracttermination.
Benefits and Costs:Unemployment benefits: 60% of the average salary or allowance of the 6 consecutive months preceding the unemployment.
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III. Labour Market and Employment (1/2)
Duration of the benefits:
• 3 months in case unemployment insurance fees have been fully paid 12 months till less than 36 months
• 6 months in case unemployment insurance fees have been fully paid for 36 months till less than 72 months
• 9 months in case unemployment insurance fees have been fully paid for 72 months till less than 144 months
• 12 months in case unemployment insurance fees have been paid at least 144 months
Other benefits: Entitlement to health insurance while receiving the unemployment subsidy
Costs: Employers pay 1% of the salary or allowance fund for unemployment insurance; employees pay 1% of their monthly salary or allowance; state budget supports 1% of the salary/allowance fund for unemployment insurance.
4. Further education and trainingsVocational training centers are available in allprovinces. However, many companies provideon-the-job training by themselves afterrecruitment.
I. General information
Source: Genearl Statistic Office (2016, 2017), Quarterly statistics on Labour and Employment.
2016 2017
Indicators Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1
1. Labour force (milion people) 5,440 5,436 5,444 5,456 5,451
2. Perscentage of labours with training certificates (%) 20.71 20.62 21.50 21.39 21.52
3. Employed labour (million people) 5,329 5,324 5,327 5,341 5,336
4. Percentage of labours working in agriculture, forestry and aquaculture in total employment (%)
42.31 42.02 41.61 41.54 40.50
5. Monthlt income of salariats (million dong) 5.08 4.85 4.93 5.08 5.40
6. Unemployed people at labour age (thousand people) 10,723 10,887 11,177 11,100 11,017
7. Unemployment rate of labour aged population (%) 2.25 2.29 2.34 2.31 2.30
7.1. Unemployment rate in urban area (%) 3.08 3.11 3.23 3.24 3.24
• Having paid unemployment insurance fees for at least 12 months within 24 months before the
unemployment occurred;
• Having registered the unemployment status at the occupational introduction center of the
provincial labor-invalid-social service• *Remark: While receiving the unemployment subsidy, the unemployed must show up at the occupational
introduction center to inform it on the job seeking status. Working people are entitled to unemploymentbenefits as of the 16th day following the unemployment registration.
Registration procedure:The applicant should submit their application at local Employment Service Center (Trung tâm Giớithiệu việc làm tại địa phương) where they would like to receive unemployment allowance within 3months from their labor contract expiration while still under unemployment.
Required documents:
• Application form (issued by the Ministry of Labour, Invalids and Social Affaris);
• Original or notarized copy of the expired labour contract; notification/decision on contract
termination or dismissal;
• Social Insurance Book.
Credit: IOM/ Nguyen Khac Son 2011
1. General Information
Costs and facilities of accommodation can differ.They range from VND 1,500,000 with one roomin basic conditions and a shared bathroom toabout USD 2,000-2,500 in a modern house of200 square meters with a full complex of publicfacilities environment.
The average price for electricity for a householdconsumption is 2,271 VND/kWh. However,prices are applied to those who rentapartments only. Those who rent single roomsin dormitory businesses have to pay theelectricity at business rate, which is about 50%higher.
Prices for water for each household are atabout 6,869 VND/m3 (for the first 10m3), 8,110VND/m3 (from 10 to 20m3), 9,969 VND/m3(from 20 to 30m3) and 18,318 VND/m3 (from30m3 above). The price for productionenterprises is at 13,357 VND/m3 and forservice business at 25,378VND/m3.
Housing facilities for returnees / social housingThere are no (temporary) housing facilities orspecial social housing available for returnees.
2. Ways/assistance to find accommodation
There are services assisting with the search forhousing depending on your demands for acertain levels of fees. Most of the services areprivate businesses. Houses and apartments forrent are advertised in newspapers, websites orleaflets.
Other papers directly relevant to specific cases:• Marriage certificate (in case wife and husband
live together). In case of absence of marriagecertificate, birth certificate of joint childrencan be presented instead
• Birth certificate (provided that they want toregister permanent residence for newborn)
• Decisions on job transfer, recruitment, returnfrom military service, retirement or jobdiscontinuation
• License granted by the ImmigrationDepartment (depending on specific cases forthe purpose of presentation: repatriationcertificate or recommendation letter)
• Residence book or collective residenceregistration certificate or identification card(if any)
3. Social grants for housing
Currently there are no social grants for housingavailable inVietnam.
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IV. Housing
Credit: IOM/ 2005
1. General Information
Monthly social relief allowances are provided tofollowing groups:
• Children under 16 years without support
• Citizens between 16 to 22 years withoutsupport but under schooling, vocationaltraining, college, or first decree education
• HIV affected children of poor families aswell as HIV affected people of poor familieswithout labour ability
• Single parents of poor families, withchildren under 16 or aged between 16 and22 under schooling, vocational training,college, and first decree education
• Elderly people above 60 without financialsupport
• Elderly people above 80 without pension orany monthly allowance
• Disabled children eligible under the definedregulations
Costs:The beneficiaries do not have to pay forreceiving social relief allowance
Benefits:Benefits are VND 270.000 multiplied by thefactor 1-3, depending on specific categories.
An application and presentation of theapplicant’s current personal situation at thepeople’s committee and the District people’scommittee is required.
Access:There are no specific social welfare programsfor returnees, except those under categoriesmentioned above.
2. Pension System
Vietnam’s pension system is composed of acompulsory social insurance and a voluntarysocial insurance.Target groups include:
• Retirees: men at 60 and women at 55 years
• Retirement age applicable to those whoundertake difficult or hazardous jobs orwork in mountainous, bordering areas orremote islands and other exceptional casesshall be regulated by the government
• Any person paying social insurancepremium for at least 20 years
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V. Social Welfare (1/2)
SocialWelfare System: Access for Returnees
Eligibility and requirements:Please see “I. General Information” above
Registration procedure:
Applicants or custodians should submit required documents to the Chairman of People’s Committee
at commune level.
Registration documents :
• Filled form (issued by Ministry of Labour, Invalids and Social Affairs)
• Copy of household registration or certification of commune police
• Copy of birth certificate, in case of children
• Certificate of HIV infection (if applicable)
• Copy of birth certificate of children, in case of poor single parents.
Costs:Compulsory social insurance: Employeesworking on contractual basis for a period of atleast 3 months or unlimited time according tothe legal regulations of labor.
Voluntary social insurance: Anyone aged from 15willing to participate. Fees are at least equal tothe general minimal salary.
Benefits:Monthly pension allowance is equal to 75% ofthe average monthly salaries of whole period oftime paying social insurance fees. This amountwill be reduced by 1% for every year of earlyretirement.One time allowances are paid to those payingsocial insurance only 3 months to less than 20years. The allowance is equivalent to 1.5 monthsof the average monthly salary of the wholeperiod of time paying social insurance.
3.Vulnerable Groups
There are projects supporting different
vulnerable groups with respectively varying
assistance. Governments and private initiatives
providing assistance to vulnerable groups such
as the poor, disabled, minorities, women,
children, elderly, people living with HIV, drug
addicted people, sex workers, homosexual,
bisexual, transsexual, populations affected by
natural disasters and climate change, victims of
human traffic, migrants, etc. The general
regulations on access to public services apply
for vulnerable groups with no restrictions.
Assistance for vulnerable persons:
Government regulations on the assistance to
vulnerable groups include the following
provisions:
Decision 29 dated 26/4/2014: on credits for HIV
affected people and families, post-rehabilitation
peoples, addicted people under treatment of
alternative drugs, former sex workers.
It is implemented by the provincial Bank of
Social Policies with maximum loans of VND
20,000,000/individual or VND 30,000,000/family.
The loans should be used for husbandry, fruit
cultivation, purchasing vehicles and equipment
for small businesses, vocational training, etc.
44/2016/TT-BLĐTBXH, dated 12/2/2017: by the
Ministry of Labour, Invalids and Social Affairs on
vocational training assistance to people who
complete their sentence in jail.
Law on Natural Calamities Prevention No
33/2013/QH13 on assistance to groups affected
by natural disasters. It guarantees varying
assistance for projects valid for the time of the
project’s duration. The organizations providing
assistance to vulnerable groups are the
Ministry of Labour, Invalids and Social Affairs
(MoLISA), mass organizations, Red Cross, UN
agencies including the International
Organization for Migration (IOM), IOs, and
NGOs.
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V. Social Welfare (2/2)
Pension System: Access for Returnees
Eligibility and requirements:There is no specific system applied to returnee but a general system for all Vietnamese. Please see theInformation in the section on the Pension system.
Registration procedure :Employers provide notification on retirement to the beneficiary. It can be done online athttps://baohiemxahoidientu.vn/tai-phan-mem.html and must be submitted to the local SocialInsurance.
An application for public schools is only possibleif the requirements of the previous classes werepassed. The enrolment at elite schools requiresto meet the schools’ individual criteria. Forhigher education, students must pass entranceexaminations.
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2. Cost, loans and stipends
Costs vary between public, private andinternational schools, and institutions. The gapbetween these types are large. Public schoolsare subsidized so that the costs are very low.Private schools are affordable for higher andmiddle income class. The international ones areas expensive as other international institutionsin other countries.
Access and requirements to stipends and/orloans for covering tuition:• eligible are students of state universities,
colleges, business schools who are infinancially difficult conditions
• loan with a maximum of VND 1,500,000 permonth orVND 18,000,000 per year
• interest rates are about 0.5% per month• the duration of the loan usually starts and
ends with the term at school• payment starts right after receiving the first
monthly salary but not later than 12 monthsafter the end of the education term
• overdue interest rates are usually 130% ofthe borrowing interest rate
3. Approval and verification of foreigndiplomas
Foreign diplomas and certificates are acceptedin the Vietnamese labour market.
VI. Educational System
Educational System: Access and Registration Procedure for Returnees
Necessary documents for returning pupils/students
• school reports of education abroad.These should be notarized translated intoVietnamese
• Birth certificate (notarized and translated intoVietnamese if issued abroad)
• The universities in Vietnam decide by themselves on the equivalence of the subjects the studentshave taken abroad in comparison to those which the local university provides and decide furthersubjects or semesters the students will need to take in order to complete the relevant educationinVietnam.
Pupils and students from ethnic minorities studying in public schools and universities are entitled tobe granted a policy scholarship and social welfare.
Educational Level Age
Kindergarten 1- 6(some accept under
12 months)
Primary Level
Primary School 6 – 10
Secondary Level
Lower secondary school 10 – 14
High School 14 – 19
Higher Education
e.g. College, University, Professional
School etc.
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1. Reintegration assistance programs
The International Organization for Migration(IOM) provides reintegration assistance/grant toirregular migrants voluntarily returned underIOM AVRR programs to ensure thesustainability of returns. IOM and partnersprovide migrants with socio-economic supportto promote their self-sufficiency andcontributions to their local communities.
The IOM assistance includes*:
• post-arrival reception arrangements
• onward travel to the final destination
• temporary accommodation, if needed
• short- and/or medium-term reintegration assistance. Including business set-ups, vocational training, formal education, medical assistance, and other tailor-made assistance according to the returnees’ special needs
*vary regarding different programs of the AVRR projects and resources made available by donors
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VII. Concrete Support for Returnees
2. Financial and administrative support
Besides IOM, there is no official scheme to support returnees to Vietnam.
3. Support to start income generating activities
AGRIBANK – The Vietnam Bank for Agricultureand Rural Development regularly provides softloans for income generating activities to peoplewith financial difficulties.