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Council forNortheast Historical Archaeology

1993 Conferenceand Annual Meeting

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October 22.. 24Portsmouth, New Hampshire

COUNCIL FOR NORTHEAST HISTORICAL ARCHAEOLOGY

The Council for Northeast Historical Archaeology (CNEHA) is a non-profit organi­zation which aims to stimulate and encourage the collection, preservation, advance­ment and dissemination of knowledge and information concerning the practice ofhistorical archaeology in the American Northeast (United States and Canada). TheCouncil is concerned with the entire historic period from the initial contact of Oldand New World peoples during the age of European expansion to and through theIndustrial Revolution.

Formed in 1966 as the symposium on Historic Site Archaeology in the Northeast,the council invites the participation and support of avocational, student and profes­sional archaeologists, historians, preservationists, material culture researchers, and allothers who share its interests. All memberships (except for Life) are for one calendaryear and include subscription to the journal Northeast Historical Archaeology and aspecial rate for meeting registration. The annual meeting is held each October, pro­viding opportunities to give papers, exchange ideas, and discuss current research. Thejournal offers a means of publishing the records of field work ,md rese<lrch results aswell as works of theoretical and more general interest.

Officers for 1992-93

Pierre Beaudet, ChairJohn Seidel, Executive Vice Chair

Dena Doroszenko, SecretarySusan L. Henry, Treasurer

Mary Beaudry, Journal EditorDavid Starbuck, Newsletter Editor

Board Members

1990-93Lu Ann De CunzoDena Doroszenko

Julia KingEvelyn M. T1dlow

John Worrell

1991-94Lysbeth Acuff

Mary C. BeaudryMonique ElieJohn Seidel

David R. Starbuck

1992-95Pierre BeaudetSusan L. HenryBarbara HeathRebecca Yamin

Diana Wall

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

The 1993 Confen:lll:e and Annual Meeting is hosted by SLrawbcry Banke MuseumArchaeology Division. Facilities for the workshops, conference, and annual meetingarc donated by Srrawbery Bankc and the Urblln Forestry Center. CO-srxlOsors forthis year's conference and annual meeting arc the Ncw Hampshirc ArcheologicalSocicry, Plymouth Stare College Hcritage Studics Program, and the Ncw HampshireDivision of Historicall\esources.

This year's Cllnkrence presL'lltalillns arc grouped by ropic. Comlllcmators were

invired to provide insight and perspectives on thc usc of archaeological research inareas of malerial culture, social anthropology, architecture, and Iandscapc history.

Srrawbery Banke Museulll is an appropriate sitc for this confcrence theme. as it isin itself is a physical expression of this type of interdisciplinary approach.We thankRichard M. Candee, F,lwin Churchill, Lucinda Brockway and CNEHA membersEmerson W. Baker, Mary C. Beaudry, and Katherine C. Dlmahue for their insights.

The logistics anu Sdll':UlIl ing fur this years confercnce were arranged by the 1993CNEHA Program Commirrce, whose members include: Emerson W. Baker, MarnaCowan, Alison Dwyer, Mary Dupre, Dennis Howe, Patricia Miller, Martha Pinello,P<lrker Porrcr, David Switzer, Peggy Wishart, and Kathleen Wheeler. Conference

matcrials wcre designed and produced by Patricia Miller/PM Design.

We arc gratcfllllll Richard M. Candee, Greg Clancy, Jane Porrer and the staff anuvolunteers of two Portsmouth landmarks, the MacPheadris-Wamer house and thePllrtsmouth Athenealllll, who generously hosted guided tl)UrS ,lrkl tea. Our thanks

also to Roselle Henn, will) org;lnizcd and managed the book room; (0 Tanya Jackson,~IIC 1l1;lI1ager llf the l Jrh;1I) Fdrestry Center, and [() the many vlllullleers who gavetheir time to this Cllnfcrence.

CCH'cT: J. Hale's Map of Pon.smolllh in the Scale of New Halllpshire, /8/3

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GENERAL INFORMATION

toe·ation

Papers will be presented at the Urban Forestry Center, a state-owned resemchand conference facility. Located on the south side of Portsmouth, the Center issurrounded by forest plantings and a pastoral setting along Sagamore Creek.

RegistrationFriday:

8:.10 am-J:OO pm: the Visitor CelHer at Strawbery nankc Museum.

Those attending workshops l1Ul)' register at them. The Ceramics \VorkshO/1 i.~ orthe Visitor Center at Strawbery Banke Museum {Ind UIC (;h~~ \X.'ork.~II()I) i~ (II rheUrfxm Forcstry Cenrer on Elwyn '~o(ld.

7:30-8:30 pm: Jones House Archaeology Center, Strawhery Hanke t-"Iuseum.Saturday:

8:30 am-4:00 pm: The Urban Forestry Center on Elwyn RO:H!

Book Room and Posters

The book room and poster display for CNEHA is located in Rosem:lry Cottageat the Urban Forestry Center. The Cottage will be open throughout the conference.

Walkin~ ToursSelf-guided walking tours of Portsmouth are offered. Bllilding PlJrmnollrlt: The

Neighborhoods and ArchireclIIre I by Richard Candee, can he used as a guide hook.

Proceeds from the sale of this book ;It the conference will gll directly to eNEI IA.The MacPheadris-Warner I louse will be open for guided tours. This SlnKturl',featuring its original painted murals. has been described as the (jnest exampleof an early eighteenth-century urban brick residence in the region.

ReceptionsOn Friday at 4:00, following the walking tours, enjoy le:l :It the PllrlSnH1Ulh

Athenaeum located ,J[ M:nket Square, Like its model the nosron Athenaeum, Ihis

building was designed as a social center for the study of literature and the ,1ft. ;ll1d

sciences. Today it functions as specialized research library.The William Pitt Tavern, a restored eighteenth-century inn at Strawbery nankc

Museum, is the site of receptions on Friday and Saturday nights, The Jones HouseArchaeology Center will also be open Friday evening for tours of the exhibits andresearch laboratory space, On Friday, sandwiches will be served; on Saturday therewill be desserts and live music. Beer, wine. soft drinks, coffcc, tea, and hot cider will

offered on both nights,

Dinner is "dutch trrat" at Nrwicks in Hampton; a menu and dircclilll1S arc cllrl(1~ed.

PROGRAMCouncil for Northeast Historical Archaeology Annual Meeting

Ponsmouth, New l-IampshireOctober 22-24, 1993

AllDAY, OCTOBER 22

8:30-3:00 Conference Registration at Strawbery Banke Visitor Center.There will (1150 ht: Conference Registration at Urban Farestry Cenrer for those(luending An Inrroduction ru English Cer<lmics.

1:00-3:45 Walking Tours of Portsmouth

4:00 Tea at the Pl>rlSllllHl\h Athenaeum

5:30 Board Meeting and Dinner <It Strawbery Banke Museum

7: 30 Opcning Rccept illll: the William Pitt Tavern anJ the Jones HouseArchaeology CelHer. Str~l\vhery Banke Muscum

Workshops anJ Tours

l):00-3:00 An lnmxlucliun to English Ceramics, Gcorge MillerThis seminar is an introduction to English ceramics for students, arch<leolo­gists, and colleClllrs. It provides in-depth exposure to the basic knowledgeneeded to work with English ceramics from archaeological assemblages.archival records. and muscum collections.

l):00-3:00 Glass fur lhe Archacologist, Olive JonesThis seminar will help archaeologists to date gl<lss bottlcs and tableware,and ro identify their function and counrry of m<lnufaclllrc. Also to be dis­(ussl,d ;Irl' hl)w these dhjn'ls (;\1) he lIsed il) lIlHkrstand heverage Clll1SUmp­tidn and sen'ice. and the rll!cs played by political affiliarion and technologyin changing glass assemblages.

1:00-4:00 \X!alking llJUrs of PurtSmouthThe PortSmouth Adv,)(JtcS offer twO free self-guided tours. Guides will beavailable at the MacPheadris-Warner House from 1:00 to 3:45. BuildingPortSmouth: The Neighborhoods and Archirecntre. by Richard Candee, will beused as a guide book. Proceeds from the sale of this book at the conferencewill go directly to CNEHA. Tours end at the Portsmouth Athenaeum withtca at 4:00 pm.

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:\TURDAY, OCTOBER 23

:30-4:00 Conference Hegistration at Urban Forestry Center:45 Welcome: C::Jrolyn Pnrsons Roy, Registrar and Interim Curator

9:00-10:45 Session I: Portsmouth ArchaeologyCandee, Richard: COlllmenwryPendery, Steven: \Y!arerfTOlll Sire Fonnation in l'ort~llloll!h, New /-/(1II1/>$hireWheeler, Kathleen: The Effect ofWidow/l()(xl on lifc.q)/c Choicc.~

The Case of 5(\l(1h (Hall) Jones in l'\uldle Dock. l'ortmlllllrh~:50 Switzer, David: Une!t'rtI'arer I\rc1Ul('o/o!t} in Illlr!\ CO!'l'

10:10-10:25 Coffee Break

:25 Pincllo, Martha: Female Lineage$ anJ Arclwco/ugiclI/ FOrln(l[ion l'rocc.~$e.~

I :45 Agnew, Aileen: /)ome$ric S/)ace and \'(Iomen'$ \Y!ork in l'()Irsmolllh.New Hamp$hire

11 :05-11 :55 Session II : Archaeology and Ethnicity11 :05 Donahue, Katherine c.: Commentary11: 15 rkrklan, Etlen P.: Arcll(lco/o~i((ll Te.qin~ a! rll(' NClIIlllck,,! /\(ricml

MeetinR HOllw11:35 McKee, Larry: Is it Futile w Try w Ue Use[llll Hi$!oriC(I/ /\rcll(leolo~)'

and the African-American Experience

12:00-1:15 Lunch on your own

1:30-2 :40 Session II I: Above-ground ArchaeoklgyI:30 Brockway, Lucinda: Commentary1:40 Turano, Frank: An I\rchirectllTll/lli$f(n")' of rl1(' li·l1-.-l\'"/{!mlllol$(',

Orient. New Ymk.2:00 Betl, Edward: VestiRes of Mortality and Remem/nance: I\n OI'en,icll'

of rlte Hiswrical ArdUJe%fJ of Centeterie.~2:40-2:55 Coffee Break

2:55·5:30 Session IV: Maine in the Seventeenth Century2:55 Churchill, Edwin: Commentary3:05 Cranmer, Leon: Seventeenrlt-Centllry Fllr Tr(lllinp- of !JI(' Kennehec Hi!'cr:

An I\rclUJeo/o~ical l'en/,ective3:25 Baker, Emerson W.: English Setrlcmelll Parrem$ llne! Sire ClUJmneri.~[ics

in Sevenreenrlt-Celllury Maine3:45 DePaoli, Neil: Self-Sufficiency on rlte SeUeI1lRenrll-CelHtn)' Mlline FTOlHier:

Gunsmirlting, Shot ManufaCture, and FlinumappinR (l[ the Me Lot, l'elJlOl/llid

5:30 Dinner at Newicks, Hampton7:30 Reception at the William Pitt Tavern

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SUNDAY, OCTOBEH 24

8:00 llusiness ~teeting

9:00-10: 10 Session V: Research at Baron De Saint·Caslin's Habitation9:00 ()akcr, EIlll.TSl)l) W.: COllllllenlllry9: 10 M:1I1TOSS, Brooke Ann: "w Libcrte Du COllllllerce": Trade Between

Uoswn Merclumcs ana t1IC Baron de Saint-Castin During che WstQuarter of che Sewnleenth Century

9:.30 Crane, Pal\lcLi It: A Jesuit Finger Ring from Baron (k S£lillL Casein'sf-lLII,irlHion

9: 50 Ln.tkncr, ALiric Lead V(..'orking at Baron de SaillL CClStin's Habitationin AC£lJ.!i{l ~'laine

10: 10-10:25 Coffee Breilk

10:25-12:30 Session VI: Contributed Papers10:25 Ikaudry, Mary c.: COlJlmentary10:}S (~I)I)(lwill, 1.1l[llHI.I B.H.: The -ftmler FWllily Through 100 y~lrs of

Change in Saklll, MClSsochusetcs10:55 Slarbuck, David R.: Three Years of Archaeolvgicall<esearch on

Rogers hUllld, £m Encalllpment of the French and Indilm War11:15 Curric, Douglas R.: Naot'e American AgricHlwre: A Srrmigraphic

Vieu' frolll the I dhlrdlory11:,5 Zitzler, PauLi A.: \'(,'ho Are These People and Why Are They I Iere I

The Public Ardwl'olo&'Y of the America's lrulusrrilll Heritage Project11 :55 Chab()l, Nancy, ct al.: Heavy Mecal, Leather, and (I TClI1kanl of

Good RUlli: wb \X!ork at Timelines of Boston12: 15 Azizi, Sharla, Cl al.: hue&'wten Approaches to Artifact Analysis

12:30-1:30 I.undlon your own

I: >0 Tllllf of I he Sl rawbcry Bankc archacological sitcs:A special guided tour of the museum grounds wirh emphasis onarchacillogica I rl'scarch and interpretation.

uion

ABSTRACTS

Azizi, Sharla, Diane Dallal, Mallory Gordon, Met Janowitz. N:ldi:l ~bcj:lz,

and Marie-Loraine PipesLouis Berger & AssociatesI tegrated Approaches w Artifact Analy~i~

Artifact analyses must be considered an indispensahle p:1rt of contr:1Ct repmts.This paper will discuss and evaluate the mechanics of artifact analyses within the

ntract environment. The authors specialize in the cll1;]lysis of;] variety of artif:Jct.. es including ceramics. glass, pipes, small finds, and faunal materials. Over theTars, they have developed standardized analytical techniqlle~ :md wml'lIter coding

systems thm can be used for both large ;md sm;]l\ projccts.

\gnew, Aileen B,ni\"Crsity of New Hampshireomes(ic S/)(]ce and \\i'olllen '.~ \X!ork in l'omll1()wh, New' Imll/,'/I;IC

This paper examines the e\'olution of the domcstic Iandsc:lpc in PortsmOlllh,ew Hampshire. Sites excw;]ted on Deer Street provide :Irch:lcological information

regarding the use of house and yardspace from the early eightcenth to the bte nine-eenth century. Archaeological remains reflect the changing nalllrr of WOllll'n's work

over time. The imp;Jct of urhan development and the effect of lccllllological changeaffected the daily lives of womcn eVen;]s socbl changc affeclcd their place in soci­ety. This paper interprets the historical and archaeological infllfm:ninn of DeerStreet with a p:nticular focus on the women who lived on till' sites.

Baker, Emerson W.York Institute MuseumEnglish Settlement Patterns and Site Charoneris(ic~ in Seven(l'clIrll,CClIlIIr:v Moine

In the past three dec;:Jdes numerous seventeenth-century ~bine sites havebeen excavated, and the locations of many more have been approximately locatedthrough documentary rese;:Jrch. This body of work allo\\"s us to try to understandhow English settlers chose their home sites. }--Iome siting depended partially uponan individual's specific activities (generally fishing, farming, Illmbering, or trading).Aside from this, other geographical and geological factors were at work. Stich <lS theproximity to navigable water and early road networks. ;:Jvaibbility of fresh water, ;:Jndcloseness to neighbors. The loc<ltion of <l house also ;Jppears to he related 10 till' typeof construction techniques utilized.

(continued)

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(Buker, «()/l(illlCed)Traditillnally dcscribL"l1 as ,I scallcring of hIH\leste;lds, ffl)(1ting on rivers and

lhc occan, in aC[lIality lhc settkmcnr pattern of Maine varied over time and place.depending U[X>n land ownership, local economic resources, degree of urbanization,

and the threat of war.

Ucll, Edward L.Massachusetts Historical CommissionVestiges of Mortality and Remembrance: An Overview of the Historical Archaeology ofCemeteries

A b(xlk-kngth bibliography will soon be published tu encourage comparativeand complcmenrary rcsearch in the archneology of hisrorical cemeteries. A multi­year reseorch project collected and analyzed bibliographic rderences to the schobr­ship of historical cemetery research. Widely published rcquests for information,bibliographic reseorch, conuibutions from resenrchers, nnd direct inquiries resultedin a comprehensive and up-to-date bibliography. Vescig~ of Mortality anJ Remelll­In'Llnce: A Bibliography on the Hiswrical ArchaeobJgy of Cemeteries (Scarecrow Press,McthudH:n, NJ) will pfll\'ide a guide to the literature on archaeological method andtheory, survey and excavation reptms, physical anrhro[X)logy of historic populations,ethnography and history of funerary practice and ritual, material culture studies, and

ethics and law regarding sepulture and repatriation. An overview of the scholarly

literature with suggestions on applying the research findings will bc prcscnred.

Chabot, Nancy, Martin Dudek, Harriet Hornblower, Susan LoGuidice,Eileen O'Connor, Barbara Putnam, Leith SmithTirnclillcs, Inc.

Heavy Mewl, Leather, an Ia TLmkard of Good RUlli: Lab Work at lImelines of Boston

Archacilillgicil inv..:stigLHion of the Paddy's Alley and Cross Street Back Lmsitesrepresents the largcst publicly-funded historicnl archaeology project in New England,

and one of the most cxtcnsively cxcavated historic sites in Boston. This paper willsummarize the hisrorical and laboratory rese:Jrch undertaken to datc, and will focuson the managcment of hrge collecrions of arrifacts.

Phase III excavations commenced in August of 1992, and after the first seasonhad yielded approximately 50,000 anifacts. Preliminary examinations--integratinghistorical research and artifnct analysis-indicatc that this is one of the oldest his­toric sites invesrigared within Boston Proper. Innovativc conservation processes aswell as computcr annlysis programs were designed specifically to deal with the largenumbcr of nrtifacrs, which include ceramics, glass. metal, bone, shell, seeds, andwlxld. Thl: pnlu:dllres lIs..:d in the lImciines laboratory mny be lIseful for otherhistorical projects llf" similar magnitude.

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Crane, Pamela B..niversity of Maine

A Jesuit Finger Ring from Baron St. Castin's Habitation

During the 1992 field season, a Jesuit finger ring was found at Castin's Habitation,trading post operated during the later part of the seventeenth century by Jean

.... cent de St. Castin, a former officer of Fort Pentagoet. This is apparently the"'rst such ring to be found in the state of Maine.

Historical records clearly document Jesuit activity in what is now Maine dur­:';"" the latter half of the seventeenth century. Three of the eleven Jesuit missions

Maine were located in the vicinity of Sr. Castin's outpost, and St. Castin main-; ed close relationships with the missionaries. However, Jesuit rings may have had

lar as well as religious significance. The current research explores this possibility,---empting to identify the ring, to link it to the economic and religious milieu of: l,-e teenth-century New France, and to place the ring in context with other trade_ s associated with St. Castin.

ranmer, Leon.' . e Historic Preservation Commission

r.eemh-Cemury Fur Trading of the Kennebec River: An Archaeological Perspective

The major rivers to the north and south of New England, the Hudson and~.e St. Lawrence, were controlled by foreign powers for most of the seventeenth

ury. Thus, Maine's Kennebec River became an important source of furs for the~""I·sh. This discussion concentrates on the archaeological evidence of the four:::1 'or fur trading posts on the Kennebec River during the second and third quarters

. e seventeenth century.The first fur trading post on the Kennebec River was Cushnoc, built by the

ymouth Colony, probably in 1628. Thomas Lake and his partners built two posts-:- und 1650, at Taconic, about 18 miles above Cushnoc and at Neumkeag, about: miles below Cushnoc. The fourth post to be considered was at the mouth of the

ennebec River on Arrowsic Island, built by Lake and his new partner, Thomasark, sometime after 1654.

Currie, Douglas R.niversity of Massachusetts

. ative American Agriculture: A Stratigraphic View From the LaboraroryThis paper examines Native American agriculture in sixteenth and seventeenth

century coastal New England through the analysis of soil micromorphology. Thesamples used for analysis are from an intact field of "comhills" at a site on CapeCod. A brief site report and the techniques used for making large scale (JOx60cm)

(continued)

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(Currie, continued)soil thin sections will be presented. The analysis of the thin sections will be bothmacro to determine overall stratigraphic changes in the site not evident in the field,and micro to examine sequential relationships of the stratigraphy. This analysis willbe used to address such issues as seasonal changes and long-term reuse of the field,environmental impact of agriculture on the site as well as overall environmentalchanges of the site.

DePaoli, NeillUniversity of New HampshireSelrSufficiency on the Seventeenth-Century Maine Frontier: Gunsmithing, ShotManufacture, and Flintknapping at the MC Lot, Pemaquid

Excavations on the site of a second and third quarter seventeenth-centuryEnglish-fortified hamlet on south-central Maine's Pemaquid River have exposedevidence of gunsmithing, shot production, and flintknapping. Early Industrialoperations such as these are not confined to the MC Lot site. Additional evidencehas been discovered at the second but larger Pemaquid River settlement, the tra­ding POSt of Cushnoc on the Kennebec River, and the fortified French outpost ofPentagoet at the mouth of the Penobscot River. This paper provides an archaeologi­cal overview of the MC Lot Site, in comparison with these other sites. Preliminaryanalysis suggests the gunsmithing, shot manufacture, and flintknapping were justthree of a number of production, repair, and maintenance activities carried out bythe hamlet's seventeenth-century occupants to alleviate the periodic shortage ofEuropean manufactured goods.

Elie, MoniqueCanadian Parks ServiceArchaeology Above Ground and Below Ground at Grosse-lie N.H.S. Quebec

Archaeological investigations conducted in 1993 at Grosse-lie N.H.S., a formerquarantine station located in the St. Lawrence River, east of Quebec City, focusedon the barely-standing wharf-side Disinfection Building. Data recovery was designedto provide information on the evolution of the structure through time and its com­plex but, today, largely fragmented inner workings. The large number of objects,equipment parts, and other material strewn on the floor of several rooms as well asother physical remains of the former states and functions of the building were alsoviewed as archaeological evidence and thus taken into account. This paper exam­ines the data recovered and briefly discusses the investigative and collections man­agement dilemma presented by such structures where "litter" abounds.

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F~ulkner,Alaric~'. :versity of Maine:d \Vorking at Baron St. Castin's Habitation in Acadian Maine

Analysis of lead working at St. Castin's Habitation suggests a growing respon­ess of the French in Acadia to their Etchemin trading partners toward the ende seventeenth century. Powder and shot were the most important commodities

_::ered by Baron de St. Castin to his Etchemin clientele. Scrap associated with leadsketball and rupert shot production, together with lead ingots, pincers, tongs, and

• 'c1able lead items abound around St. Castin's warehouse.With this industry came a sideline of cast lead items which catered as much

• the social and spiritual needs of the Etchemins as to their subsistence and de-• se. Specimens include a lead cross, a beaver effigy, and related items produced= r or by the resident Etchemins. This contrasts with the armorer's workshop atF rt Pentagoet, the Habitation's predecessor, which focused on repair and mainte­.lance of firearms and other tools largely for the benefit of the European garrison.

Goodwin, Lorinda B.R.eabody and Essex Museumhe Turner Family Through 100 Years of Change in Salem, Massachusetts

Much of the change that Salem, Massachusetts underwent, from its inceptiona fishing community to its role as one of the world's preeminent pons, can be seen

as reflected in the history of the Turner house. The history and material culture of theTurners provides a unique window through which the effects of the world eventsnelped shape the activities of an elite family through three generations.

This paper will discuss the conclusions based on the final analyses of the archae­ological and documentary evidence from the Turner site investigation, observed as'ndications of the changes that Salem underwent through time.

Manross, Brooke AnnUniversity of Maine"La Uberte du commerce": Trade between Boston Merchants and the Baron de Saint­Castin During the Last Quarter of the 17th Century

Castin's Habitation, a National Historic Landmark on the Bagaduce River nearCastine, Maine, was a trading post owned and operated by the legendary AcadianBaron ]ean-Vincent de Saint-Castin from c. 1675 to c. 1702. The recently excavat­ed site is important in characterizing the nature of New England-Acadian trade dur­ing the last quarter of the seventeenth century. Despite continuous wrangling by thegovernments of Massachusetts, New York, and New France for jurisdiction over the

(continued)

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(Manross, continued)habitation, Castin maintained an economic relationship with Boston merchantsthat kept him and the Etchemin Indians he lived among, supplied with Englishgoods. Three well-documented events, each involving Castin, Boston merchants,and a ship's cargo, show the nature of eastin's relationship with Massachusetts mer­chants and magistrates. Despite supposed sanctions to the contrary, close economicties between this French outpost and New England are clearly borne out by thearchaeological record.

McKee, LarryVanderbilt UniversityIs It Futile To Try To Be Useful? Historical Archaeology and the African-AmericanExperience

Recent articles by Parker Potter and Paul Farnsworth have brought to the sur­face some long-standing concerns about the relationship between the contemporaryAfrican-American community and the archaeological study of slavery in the UnitedStates. The lively commentary presented by both these scholars should be of interestto all historical archaeologists, since their discussion gets to the heart of why any ofus study the past at all. This paper presents some further ruminations on the subject,shaped by six summers of publicly-targeted research at the Hennitage, home ofAndrew Jackson. Our goals as archaeologists are inevitably linked to the traditionsand popular perceptions of our discipline, a fact which is both burdensome andopportune. Other scholars and the general public accept us as data collectors, butare not so supportive of our role in determining the "ultimate" meaning of excavat­ed evidence. Broad communication of the complex messages coming out of thearchaeological study of African-American life requires patience, endurance, andsome cunning strategies.

Pendery, Steven R.National Park ServiceWaterfront Site Fonnation In Portsmouth, New Hampshire

During the past twenty-five years, Strawbery Banke in Portsmouth, NewHampshire has served as an important laboratory for the study of urban life in earlyNew England. This outdoor museum, one of the few in New England that occupythe site of an entire historic neighborhood, is called Puddle Dock after an inlet thatfonnerly existed there. Documentary, architectural, and archaeological research hasbeen combined to provide one of the most detailed longitudinal portraits of anyurban neighborhood in America.

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merchantsIth English1 merchants,achusetts mer-

se economic)ut by the

merican

t to the sur­:ontemporaryin the Unitedbe of interestwhy any of

1 the subject,omeofe traditionsmeandiCtOrs, butof excavat­t of thenee, and

ewFe in earlyt occupy,inlet thatsearch hasof any

This study examines a sample of Strawbery Banke sites to identify some of thea: aeological symptoms of economic and social change at the Puddle Dock neigh­- ~ ood during the nineteenth century. It examines both cultural and natural fac-• r'S contributing to archaeological site formation and concludes that preservation of- aeological resources is itself a manifestation of the economic stagnation and

·ironmental degradation which the district experienced between the 1850's and: - 'so Ironically, it was this advanced state of urban decay which identified the

Ie Dock neighborhood for urban renewal, and marked the first use of such fed­e:a funds for historic preservation in the United States.

Pinello, Martha E.~:::awbery Banke Museum

~.anges in Female Lineages and Archaeological Formation Processes at the Deer Street.- - ological Site, 1730 to 1830

An anthropological analysis of four domestic lots in Portsmouth, New~a. pshire has provided insights as to the social mechanisms responsible for the cre­~~ n of dense deposits of house hold goods. The data were derived from eighta:-' aeological features including artifacts and plant remains, and associated histori­~~ ocuments.

Highly visible domestic features identify that the archaeological record is a man­.3~"'"ation of large-scale social patterns. The social pattern identified in this paper is:':-:e concurrent transitions in property ownership, lineages of female residents, and.:: orative stylistic trends as social mechanisms that aided in the creation of thea:: aeological record. Study of probate law, kinship, and inheritance practices, com­:c' ed with archaeological formation-processes analysis has identified changes in: _ale lineages as a pivotal factor in initiating the disposal of household goods in";ense deposits of ceramic and glass vessels.

'cubuck, David R.• :; outh State College:- ee Years of Archaeological Research on Rogers Island, an Encampment of the~ ench and Indian War

Three field seasons (1991-1993) have now been completed on Rogers Island:.. Fort Edward, New York, the site of extensive barracks buildings, huts, storehouses,... dens, and hospitals during the French and Indian War (I750s-1760s). Fort Ed­ward was the principal base for British and Provincial soldiers as they pushed north

the Hudson River and Lake Champlain to attack French forces at Ticon-deroga.Approximately 16,000 soldiers were camped in Fort Edward during 1757 and 1758,oany of whom lived on Rogers Island in huts and barracks. Maps of that period show

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(Srarbuck, continued)only a few of the principal constructions, built by military engineers, but archaeologyis now being used to locate the lesser buildings constructed by the enlisted men and todocument evidence for health care in the several hospitals on the island.

This settlement pattern study has been carried out under the auspices ofAdirondack Community College and is pan of a long-term effort to document mili­tary sites along the Hudson River/Lake George/Lake Champlain corridor.

Switzer, David C.Plymouth State CollegeUnderwater Archaeology in Han's Cove

Since 1982 the Institute for New Hampshire Studies at Plymouth State Collegeof the University System of New Hampshire has been involved in an ongoing nauti­cal archaeology project in Hart's Cove, an inlet at the mouth of the PiscataquaRiver. The focus of the work through 1988 was the excavation and documentationof the wreck site of a shallop type vessel dating from the colonial period.

During the past three summers Han's Cove has been the scene of three differentbut interrelated underwater endeavors. The results have made it necessary to revisetheories related to the material culture recovered from the shallop site as well as theapproximate date of its sinking.

This report provides highlights of the work carried out over the three summers:a re-examination of the shallop site ('91); a seabed survey ('92); and the investiga­tion of another wreck site ('93).

Turano, FrankSUNY-Stony BrookAn Architectural History of the Terry-Mulford House, Orient, NY

The Terry-Mulford House is a White Oak timber and planked house, construct­ed in the second quarter of the seventeenth century. It served as a farmhouse until1899 when it became a summer residence. The original portion of the house has amedieval English house with salt box and half house extensions. The original inter­nal fabric of the house was covered with "beaverboard" about 1900, thus protectingthe integrity of earliest modifications. The "beaverboard" covering was not removeduntil 1979. This protection has allowed evaluation and the sequencing of prior alter­ations extending to the first construction and original configuration of the structure.

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Kathleen Louise......F"'""" ..Pf"lt consultam

idowhood on Lifestyle Choices: The Case of Sarah (Hall) Jones in Puddlecsmouch

-. '. paper examines the effects of becoming widowed in nineteemh cemury. Using formation-process analysis, deposits are linked to individual

-.""CP,I-,nlns as these have been reconstructed from primary documems. Character­e deposits are compared over time, and in particular the focus is upon dif­deposits upon the transition from a male-headed household to a female­sehold. Such archaeological evidence of change can be used to imerpretlifestyle choices or socioeconomic status of widows.

7:-:e case examined here is that of Sarah Hall (Jones), wife of truckman Joshua"'< S:-:e her husband, and their ten children lived at the Jones House beginning

. Sarah Jones was widowed in 1843 and resumed residence at the site umil• some time after 1851.

:eCoHegeling nauti­aquaemation

i ofmem mili-

'chaeologymen and to

~ differem[Q reviseell as the

Jmmers:,'estiga-

nS[nJct­~ umilhas aimer­~cting

movedr alter­lCture.

LoU.;;.Acr, Paula A.Park Service

A e These People and Why They Here? The Public Archaeology Program of the. 's Industrial Heritage Project

7:1e America's Industrial Heritage Project is a federally-supported historication and economic developmem project in a nine-county region of south-

-en Pennsylvania. This paper will discuss why and how the Public Archaeology-. "". :n was developed, how it is maintained, and what has been learned about con-=- :. <> an extensive public participation and education program. About 200 people--';e rticipated in excavation projects since 1991, donating over 5,000 hours.

.' education is an equally important aspect, and a variety of slide programs, site: _7S exhibits and workshops are offered to local historical and genealogical soci­e:':es chapters of the Society for Pennsylvania Archaeology, schools and other orga­:- -:·ons. About 5,000 people attend these events annually, including almost 2,000

I children. The program is having an impact, and appears to be improving the. ~ ics perception of archeology, and, more broadly, historic preservation. But is it.' :- everyone? The pros and cons will be discussed.

15

AUTHORS AND COMMENTATORS

Agnew, Aileen B., University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824

Azizi, Sharla, Louis Berger and Associates, Inc. 100 Halsted St., P.O. Box 270, EastOrange, NJ 07019-0270

Baker, Emerson W., York Institution Museum, 371 Main Street, Saco, ME 04072

Beaudry, Mary, Department of Archaeology, Boston University, 675 CommonwealthAve., Boston, MA 02215

Bell, Edward L., Massachusetts Historical Commission, 80 Boylston St., Boston, MA

Berklan, Ellen P., Boston University, 675 Commonwealth Ave., Boston, MA 02215

Brockway, Lucinda, Past Designs, Kennebunk, ME 04043

Candee, Richard, Preservation Studies Program, Boston University, 226 Bay StateRd., Boston, MA 02215

Chabot, Nancy, Tlmelines, Inc., 56 Rowland Street, Inner Tech Park, Charlestown,MA 02129

Churchill, Edwin, Chief Curator, Maine State Museum, State House, Station 83,Augusta, ME 04333

Crane, Pamela B., Department of History, Stevens Hall, University of Maine,Orono, ME 04469-5773

Cranmer, Leon, Maine Historic Preservation Commission, 55 Capitol St.,Statehouse Station 65, Augusta ME 04333

Currie, Douglas R., Department of Anthropology, University of Massachusetts,Boston, MA 02125

Dallal, Diane, Louis Berger and Associates, Inc.,100 Halsted St., P.O. Box 270, EastOrange, NJ P7019-0270

DePaoli, Neill, Department of History, Horton Social Science Center, University ofNew Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824

Donahue, Katherine c., Director, Heritage Studies Program, Plymouth StateCollege, Plymouth, NH 03264

Dudek, Martin, Tlmelines, Inc., 6 Rowland Street, Inner Tech Park, Charlestown,MA 02129

Elie, Monique, 840 Canadian Parks Service, Sir-Adolphe-Routhier, Quebec,Canada GIS 3P3

16

~;;;.L;~••~.ar·c Department of Anthropology, 5773 South Stevens Hall,"5::.; 0 Maine, Orono, ME 04469-5773

. cia B.R. , Peabody and Essex Museum, East India Square, Salem,

_ ........__.._ ..ta:. ry, Louis Berger and Associates, 100 Halsted St., P.O. Box 270,. :1ge, NJ 07019-0270

&:a;l~...."",e:. Harriet, Timelines, Inc., 6 Rowland Street, Inner Tech Park,~.e5 wn, MA 02129

270, East

wnwealth

04072

-...........;..-_.:.e. ~ san, Timelines, Inc., 6 Rowland Street, Inner Tech Park,-~: -: "n, MA 02129

......----- . 1e a Louis Berger and Associates, 100 Halsted St., P.O. Box 270,. ge, NJ 07019-0270

-......;;:-c..,•• ·a ia, Louis Berger and Associates, 100 Halsted St., P.O. Box 270,.- range, NJ 07019-0270

rooke Ann, University of Maine, 202 S. Main St., Old Town, ME 04468

rry Department of Anthropology, Vanderbilt University, PO Box 6050::z . B, Nashville TN

-_": ~. Eileen, Timelines, Inc., 6 Rowland Street, Inner Tech Park,--.a.::e5 own, MA 02129

- ... ~:e\'en, National Parks Service, Cultural Resource Center, Lowell, MA

02215

lSton, MA

Iy State

rlestown,

on 83,

. " 1artha. Strawbery Banke Museum, Portsmouth, NH 03801

. . .' ar'e·Lorraine, Louis Berger and Associates, 100 Halsted St., P.o, Box 270,ge, NJ 07019-0270

athleen Louise, Independent consultant, Brentwood, NH

vid R., Heritage Studies Program, Plymouth State College, Plymouth,64

~70, East

:r[5,

,ersityof

~'''''''-'-. dY' C, Heritage Studies Program, Plymouth State College. Plymouth,

~rown,

.-,

Department of Anthropology, SUNy· Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY

'e:- a la A., National Park Service, AIHP-NPS, Suite 370, 319 Washington5:. Johnstown, PA 15901.

17