Could the Increase of Development Land Values within the Greater Dublin Area have been Prevented? - An Investigation into Controlling Development Land Values and Recouping Betterment

7/31/2019 Could the Increase of Development Land Values within the Greater Dublin Area have been Prevented? - An Investi

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âgjh ko Ikl~hl~y

Imar~hw 1 @l~wknxi~`kl 11,1Nho`l`~`kl ko ^krì 7

1,7Mprk~mhy`y 91,9 A`c aln Kgdhi~`vhy 9

1,9,1 A`c 9

1,9,7 Kgdhi~`vhy >

1,> ^mh rawach~hwy ko ~mh y~xnp >

1,8 Whyhawim Ch~mknkjkep 8

1,8,1 Qxaj`~a~`vh Whyhawim 8

1,8,7 Qxal~`~a~`vh Whyhawim 8

1,8,9 Whyhawim Chimal`yc ?

1,8,> Nkixchl~awp Whyhawim ?

1,8,8@l~hwv`huy 5

1,8,? Iayh Y~xnp 0

1,? J`c`~a~`kly 0

Imar~hw 7 Nhvhjkrchl~ Jaln 117,1 @l~wknxi~`kl 17

7,7 ^mh Ewha~hw Nxgj`l Awha 19

7,9 @l~wknxi~`kl ~k Jaln 1>

7,> Nhvhjkrchl~ Jaln 1>

7,8 Xlnhwy~aln`le ~mh Yxrrjp aln Nhcaln ko Jaln 18

7,? Whv`hu ko Nhvhjkrchl~ Jaln _ajxhy u`~m`l ~mh ENA 1?

7,5 Oai~kwy `lojxhli`le ~mh w`yh `l nhvhjkrchl~ jaln vajxhy 10

7,5,1 Nhckewarmìy 72

7,5,7 Hiklkcp 77

7,5,9 Yrhixja~`kl aln Jaln Mkawn`le 79

7,5,> O`laliàj Jhln`le 7>

7,5,8 O`yiaj @lihl~`vhy 75

7,= Iklijxy`kl 7=

7,0 Nhvhjkrchl~ Jaln aln ~mh Rjall`le Ypy~hc 70

7,12 @l~wknxi~`kl ~k @w`ym Rjall`le Ypy~hc 70

7,11 Nhvhjkrchl~ Rjaly 91

7,17 Tkl`le ~mh jaln 97

7,19 Rjall`le Rhwc`yy`kl 98

7,1> Yhwvì`le ~mh jaln 9?

7,18 Iklijxy`kl 9=


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Imar~hw 9 ^mh Fhllp Whrkw~ 91

9,1 @l~wknxi~`kl 92

9,7 Gaifewkxln ~k ~mh Fhllp Whrkw~ 92

9,9 ^mh Yxrrjhchl~awp Whikcchlna~`kly >>

9,> ^mh Rwh#Hcr~`kl Yimhch Whikcchlna~`kl -C`lkw`~p Nhi`y`kl) >0

9,>,1 Gaifewkxln >0

9,>,7 Mku `~ ukwfy >0

9,8 ^mh Nhyèla~hn#Awha Yimhch Whikcchlna~`kl -Cadkw`~p Nhi`y`kl) 879,8,1 Gaifewkxln 87

7,8,7 Mku `~ ukwfy 87

9,8,9 Rjall`le @yyxhy 89

9,? Whjhval~ @yyxhy 80

9,?,1 ^mh @w`ym Ikly~`~x~`kl 80

9,?,7 Whrkw~ ~k ~mh Dk`l~ K`whaim~ay Ikcc`~~hh kl Gx`jn`le Jaln* 10=8 ?2

9,?,9 L`l~m Rwkewhyy Whrkw~ kl Rw`va~h Rwkrhw~p* 722> ?2

9,?,> Hvkjx~`kl ko ~mh Ikcrxjykwp Rxwimayh Iknh ?1

9,5 ^mh Gw`~`ym H}rhw`hlihYik~~ Whrkw~ 1010 / X~mua~~ Whrkw~ 10>7 ?7

9,5,1 ^mh X~mua~~ Whrkw~ 10>7 ?7

9,5,7 ^mh Yik~~ Whrkw~ 1010 ?79,= ^mh Owhlim H}rhw`hlihRwh#hcr~`kl yimhch ?>

9,0 ^mh Nx~im H}rhw`hlih^mh Nhyèla~hn#awha Yimhch 52

9,12 Iklijxy`kl 51

Imar~hw > @l~hwv`huy 57>,1 @l~wknxi~`kl 59

>,7 U`jjàc F Lkujal Imaw~hwhn Yxwvhpkw / ^kul Rjallhw 5>

>,9 Dachy Chaemhw Nhvhjkrchl~ Jaln N`whi~kw* M^CKW 5?

>,> ^hwwp Rwhlnhweay~Rjallhw 5=

>,8 Gwàl MxemhyImaw~hwhn Yxwvhpkw / Hiklkc`y~ =2

>,? Nal GkpjhEwhhl Raw~p Yhla~kw =7

>,5 Lkhj AmhwlOàlla Oa`j ^,N, =>>,= Kvhwajj @yyxhy =?

>,0 Kvhwajj Yxccawp =5

>,12 Iklijxy`kl ==

Imar~hw 8 Iayh Y~xnp =08,1 @l~wknxi~`kl 02

8,7 ^mh Rwkrkyhn Nhvhjkrchl~ 02

8,9 Tkl`le 07

8,> Yxccawp ko Rwkrkyhn Nhvhjkrchl~ @lokwca~`kl 09

8,8 Iayh Y~xnp O`ln`ley 0>

8,? Ixwwhl~ Y`~xa~`kl `l @whjaln | Alajpy`y 05

8,5 ^mh Nhyèla~hn#Awha Yimhch | Alajpy`y 05

8,= ^mh Rwh#Hcr~`kl Yimhch 0=

8,0 Iklijxy`kl 00


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```

Imar~hw ? Iklijxy`kly aln Whikcchlna~`kly 122?,1 @l~wknxi~`kl 121

?,7 Mprk~mhy`y 121

?,7,1 ^mh Nhy`ela~hn Awha Yimhch 121

?,7,9 ^mh Rwh#Hcr~`kl Yimhch 127

?,9 Nhvhjkrchl~ jaln vajxhy 129?,9,1 Cawfh~ @lojxhlihy 129

?,9,7 Rjall`le @lojxhlihy 128

?,> Jalnkulhwy Rwko`~y 128

?,8 Whikcchlna~`kly 12?

?,? Avhlxhy okw oxw~mhw y~xnp 12=


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Aiflkujhnehchl~y@ ukxjn j`fh ~k ~afh ~m`y krrkw~xl`~p ~k aiflkujhneh aln h}rwhyy cp arrwhià~`kl ~k ~mh

okjjku`le rhkrjh4

Ajj cp Rwkrhw~p Y~xnp jhi~xwhwy* ~mwkxemkx~ cp okxw phawy `l ikjjheh okw ajj ~mh`wmhjr* yxrrkw~* ex`nalih* flkujhneh aln anvìh,

Cp n`yyhw~a~`kl yxrhwv`ykw* Cw, Hnn`h Iacrghjj okw ajj m`y ~`ch* ex`nalih alnyxrrkw~ ~mwkxemkx~ cp n`yyhw~a~`kl,

Cp rawhl~y* All#Caw`h* ^whvkw* Cawp aln Ymalh okw ~mh`w yxrrkw~ aln mhjr, Ajj cp ow`hlny okw ~mh`w anvìh aln ikcral`klym`r ~mwkxemkx~ ~mh phaw, Ajj ~mh `l~hwv`huhhy umk ~kkf ~`ch kx~ ~k jh~ ch `l~hwv`hu ~mhc, O`lajjp* @ ukxjn ajyk j`fh ~k e`vh a yrhiàj ~malfy ~k Akòh Gwhllal ay u`~mkx~ mhw

rhwy`y~hl~ mhjr ~m`y n`yyhw~a~`kl ukxjn lk~ gh rkyy`gjh,

^malf Pkx,


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Agy~wai~

Nhvhjkrchl~ jaln u`~m`l ~mh Ewha~hw Nxgj`l Awha u`~lhyyhn xlrwhihnhl~hn ewku~m

nxw`le ~mh gkkc phawy, ^mhyh `liwhayhy uhwh ~mh jawehy~ ~mh La~`kl man hvhw yhhl aln

uhwh iaxyhn okw lxcghw ko whaykly* ay u`jj gh h}rkyhn `l ~m`y rarhw, Mkuhvhw ~mhyh

`liwhayhy rwkvhn xlyxy~a`lagjh aln nwkrrhn gaif ~k jhvhjy y`c`jaw ~k umhwh ~mhp y~aw~hn,

^mh Fhllp Whrkw~ uay rxgj`ymhn `l 10>5 aln `~y rxwrkyh uay ~k `lvhy~èa~`kl `l~k

ykjv`le ~mh `liwhayhy `l nhvhjkrchl~ jalny `l ~mh ja~h 10?2y, Aj ~mkxem ~mh whrkw~ uay

iwha~hn 9? phawy aek aln ~mh `liwhayhy u`~lhyyhy uhwh lk~ ay nwaca~ì ay u`~lhyyhn `l

ckwh whihl~ phawy* `~y rwkrkyajy y~`jj gawh yèlòìal~ `crkw~alih aln mavh ghhl whv`y`~hn

calp ~`chy kvhw ~mh phawy ay a ykjx~`kl ~k mèm nhvhjkrchl~ jaln vajxhy,

^mh n`yyhw~a~`kl a`cy ~k oxjjp `lvhy~èa~h ~mh rwkrkyajy ko ~mh Fhllp Whrkw~ ~k nh~hwc`lh

ò `~y yimhchy ikxjn mavh rwhvhl~hn ~mh w`yh, ^k nk ~m`y ~mh ax~mkw u`jj y~xnp h}rhw`hlihy

`l k~mhw ikxl~w`hy u`~m y`c`jaw yimhchy ~k nh~hwc`lh uma~ ukxjn mavh ghhl ~mh j`fhjp

kx~ikch okw @whjaln, Rwkohyy`klajy u`~m al h}~hly vh flkujhneh kl nhvhjkrchl~ jaln

aln ~mh Fhllp Whrkw~ uhwh `l~hwv`huhn aln a mprk~mh~ìaj iayh y~xnp uay ikcr`jhn,

^mh whyxj~y uhwh vhwp `l~hwhy~`le aln ajjkuhn ~mh ax~mkw ~k nh~hwc`lh uma~ ukxjn ~mh

oa~h ko haim whikcchlna~`kl* whikcchln vawà~`kly ~k ~mh rwkrkyhn yimhchy aln

ikcchl~ kl ~mh @whjalny ox~xwh `l ikl~wkjj`le nhvhjkrchl~ jaln vajxhy,


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J`y~ Ko @caehy

Who, Nhyiw`r~`kl@caeh 9,1 Cw, Dxy~ìh Dkml Fhllp u`~m Cw, Gkggp Ckjjkp

@caeh 9,7 Fhllp Whrkw~ Yxgc`yy`kl Anvhw~*

@caeh 9,8 Rw`kw`~p Nhvhjkrchl~ Tklhy l Gwìmacghax* Owalih* 108=

@caeh 8,1 Y~whacy~kul Jalh Y`~h aln Yxwwkxln`le Cajam`nh Awha

âgjh 8,1 Yxccawp ko Rwkrkyhn Nhvhjkrchl~ @lokwca~`kl

âgjh 8,7 Iayh Y~xnp O`ln`ley


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J`y~ ko âgjhy

Who, Nhyiw`r~`klâgjh 9,1 Awexchl~y okw / aea`ly~ rwh hcr~`kl yimhch

âgjh 9,7 Awexchl~y okw / aea`ly~ nhyèla~hn#awha yimhch

âgjh >,1 U`jjàc Lkujal Fhp @yyxhy

âgjh >,7 Dachy Chaemhw Fhp @yyxhy

âgjh >,9 ^hwwp Rwhlnhweay~ Fhp @yyxhy

âgjh >,> Gwàl Mxemhy Fhp @yyxhy

âgjh >,8 Nal Gkpjh Fhp @yyxhy

âgjh >,? Lkhj Amhwl Fhp @yyxhy

âgjh >,5 @lnìa~`kl ko v`hurk`l~y kl ca`l `yyxhy,

âgjh >,= Jhehln okw @lnìa~`kl ko v`hurk`l~y ~agjh ca`l `yyxhy,


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J`y~ Ko Oèxwhy

Who Nhyiw`r~`kl

Oèxwh 1,1 ^prìaj Y~wxi~xwh ko a Ikel`~`vh Car

Oèxwh 7,1 Car ko Ewha~hw Nxgj`l Awha

Oèxwh 7,7 Yxrrjp aln Nhcaln ko Jaln

Oèxwh 7,9 Nhvhjkrchl~ Jaln _ajxhy Nxgj`l* Ajj Yhi~kwy

Oèxwh 7,> Nhvhjkrchl~ Jaln _ajxhy Nxgj`l / Jh`ly~hw

Oèxwh 7,8 Mkxyh Rwìhy / Why`nhl~àj Nhvhjkrchl~ Jaln

Oèxwh 7,? @w`ym Rkrxja~`kl6 E,N, A, ay a ( ko ~mh Y~a~h

Oèxwh 7,5 @w`ym Rkrxja~`kl Aehn 72>> gp Whe`kl,

Oèxwh 7,= E_A, ko Y~a~h aln ENA

Oèxwh 7,0 E_AE,N,A ay ( ko Y~a~h ^k~aj

Oèxwh 7,12 E_A ko Y~a~h aln ENA

Oèxwh 7,11 @w`ym Galf Jhln`le

Oèxwh 7,17 Andxy~hn Allxaj Ewku~m Wa~hy okw Iwhn`~

Oèxwh 7,19 Aoohi~ ko â} @lihl~`vhy kl Nhvhjkrchl~ Jaln

Oèxwh 7, 1> Cknhj Ikccxl`~p Nhvhjkrchl~ Oxln

Oèxwh 7, 18 Hoohi~ ko Rjall`le Rhwc`yy`kl kl Jaln _ajxhy

Oèxwh 7,1? Nhvhjkrchl~ Y`~h Yhwvìhy

Oèxwh 9,1 Fhllp Whrkw~ ^`chj`lh

Oèxwh 9,7 H}rjala~kwp Nàe, ko Nhyèla~hn Awha Yimhch

Oèxwh 9,9 H}rjala~kwp Nàewac ko Rwh#hcr~`kl Yimhch

Oèxwh 9,> Owalih H}rhw`hlih Rwh#hcr~`kl ^`chj`lh

Oèxwh 9,8 Mkxyh gx`jn`le `l ~mh Lh~mhwjalny6

Oèxwh >,1 @l~hwv`hu `lnìa~`kly okw Nhyèla~hn#awha yimhch

Oèxwh >,7 @l~hwv`hu `lnìa~`kly okw rwh#hcr~`kl yimhch

Oèxwh >,9 @l~hwv`hu `lnìa~`kly okw rwh#hcr~`kl yimhch

Oèxwh 8,1 Rwkrkyhn Nhvhjkrchl~ Jkia~`kl Car

Oèxwh 8,7 Tkl`le Car

Oèxwh 8,9 Jalnkulhwy Rwko`~y / Whikxrchl~ ~k J,A,Oèxwh 8,> @liwhayh `l jaln vajxhy xlnhw haim y`~xa~`kl


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Oèxwh 8,8 Cklh~awp wh~xwly xlnhw haim y`~xa~`kl

Oèxwh 8,? Nhyèla~hn Awha Yimhch _ajxhyv#Gh~~hwchl~

Oèxwh 8,5 Rwh#Hcr~`kl Yimhch _ajxhyv#Gh~~hwchl~


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}

J`y~ ko Arrhln`ihy

Arrhln`} Nhyiw`r~`kl

Arrhln`} A Whohwhlihy aln G`gj`kewarmp

Arrhln`} G Whja~hn Rjall`le Yhi~`kly

Arrhln`} I ^mh Ikly~`~x~`kl | Rw`va~h Rwkrhw~p

Arrhln`} N ^mh Ikcrxjykw`jp Rxwimayh Wxjhy

Arrhln`} H @l~hwv`huy

Arrhln`} O Iayh Y~xnp


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}`

Ejkyyawp ko Aggwhvà~`kly

Aggwhvà~`kl Nhyiw`r~`kl

ENA Ewha~hw Nxgj`l Awha

J,A, Jkiaj Ax~mk~`~`hy

OIk,Ik, O`leaj Ikxl~p Ikxli`j

IYK Ihl~waj Y~a~`y~ìy Kooìh

NkH Nhraw~chl~ ko ~mh Hlv`wklchl~

E_A Ewkyy _ajxh Annhn


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}``

RJAE@AW@YC NHIJAWA^@KL

Eajuap Capk @ly~`~x~h ko ^himlkjkep

Gaimhjkw ko Yi`hlih -Mklkxwy) @l Rwkrhw~p Y~xn`hy

Rjaeàw`yc

Rjaeàw`yc ikly`y~y ko a rhwykl rwhyhl~`le alk~mhw rhwykly `nhay* o`ln`ley kw ukwfy ay

klhy kul gp ikrp`le kw whrwknxi`le ~mh ukwf u`~mkx~ nxh aiflkujhnehchl~ ko ~mh ykxwih,

Rjaeàw`yc `y ~mh ~mho~ ko `l~hjjhi~xaj rwkrhw~p, ^mh @ly~`~x~h wheawny rjaeàw`yc ay a vhwp

yhw`kxy koohlih, A~ ~mh vhwp jhay~* `~ `y a c`yxyh ko aianhcì iklvhl~`kly ko ~mh whyxj~ ko

rkkw whohwhli`le rwai~ìh, Umhwh `~ `y nhj`ghwa~h aln ypy~hca~ì* rjaeàw`yc `y imha~`le,

Rjaeàw`yc ial ~afh yhvhwaj okwcy* h}acrjhy ko umìm awh e`vhl ghjku4

Rwhyhl~`le yxgy~al~àj h}~wai~y owkc gkkfy* dkxwlaj aw~ìjhy* ~mhyhy aln k~mhw rxgj`ymhnkw xlrxgj`ymhn ukwf -h,e, ukwf`le rarhwy* yhc`lawy aln iklohwhlih rarhwy* `l~hwlaj

whrkw~y* ikcrx~hw yko~uawh* jhi~xwh lk~hy kw ~arhy aln k~mhw y~xnhl~y ukwf) u`~mkx~ijhawjp `lnìa~`le ~mh ykxwih ko ~mh ca~hwàj6

Xy`le vhwp ijkyh rawarmway`le ko yhl~hlihy kw umkjh rawaewarmy u`~mkx~ nxhaiflkujhnechl~ `l ~mh okwc ko whohwhli`le ~k ~mh kwè`laj ukwf6

Qxk~`le n`whi~jp owkc a ykxwih aln oa`j`le ~k `lyhw~ qxk~a~`kl cawfy awkxln ~mh qxk~hnrayyaehy, @l yxim iayhy `~ `y lk~ anhqxa~h chwhjp ~k aiflkujhneh ~mh ykxwih6

Ikrp`le hyyapy kw hyyap h}~wai~y kw gxp`le hyyapy okw @l~hwlh~ uhgy`~hy kw k~mhw ykxwih6Ijkyhjp whrjìa~`le ~mh y~wxi~xwh ko ykchklh hjyhy awexchl~ u`~mkx~ ijhawy whohwhlih ~k~mh ykxwih,

^mh @ly~`~x~h `y ikcc`~~hn ~k nh~hi~`le ajj iayhy ko y~xnhl~ rjaeàw`yc, Ajj iayhy u`jj gh

nhaj~ u`~m `l aiikwnalih u`~m ~mh @ly~`~x~hy H}ac`la~`kl Whexja~`kly,

Rhlaj~`hy okw Rjaeàw`yc `lijxnh4

1, Auawn`le jkuhw cawfy kw lk ko cawfy okw ~mh n`yyhw~a~`kl6

7, Auawn`le a jkuhw ijayy ko nhewhh kw k~mhw aianhcì auawn6

9, H}ijxn`le ~mh y~xnhl~ owkc ~mh auawn ko a nhewhh kw k~mhw aianhcì auawn* umìm cap

gh h`~mhw rhwcalhl~ kw okw a y~a~hn rhw`kn,

RJAE@AW@YC NHIJAWA^@KL

Gp yèl`le ~m`y nhijawa~`kl* pkx awh iklo`wc`le `l uw`~`le ~ma~ ~mh ukwf pkx awh

yxgc`~~`le `y kwè`laj aln nkhy lk~ ikl~a`l alp rjaeàw`yhn ca~hwàj,

@ iklo`wc ~ma~ ~m`y n`yyhw~a~`kl `y cp kul ukwf* aln ~ma~ ~mh ukwf ko k~mhw rhwykly may ghhl

oxjjp aiflkujhnehn,

Pkxw Yèla~xwh4 [[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[ Na~h4 [[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[

NA_@N IAYY@NP


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Ikxjn ~mh W`yh ko Nhvhjkrchl~ Jaln _ajxhy l ~mh Ewha~hw Nxgj`l Awha Mavh Ghhl Rwhvhl~hn; @l~wknxi~`kl

Nav`n Iayy`np G,Yi, -Mkly) Rwkrhw~p Y~xn`hy 7220+12 z 1

Imar~hw 1

@l~wknxi~`kl


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1,1 Nho`l`~`kl ko ^krì

^m`y n`yyhw~a~`kl uay rwknxihn ~k oxjo`j raw~ ko ~mh >~m

phaw whqx`whchl~y okw ~mh G,Yi,

-Mkly,) Rwkrhw~p Y~xn`hy Ikxwyh 7220+12 `l Eajuap Capk @ly~`~x~h ko ^himlkjkep,

^mh Ikcc`~~hh kl ~mh Rwìh ko Gx`jn`le Jaln* Whrkw~ ~k ~mh C`l`y~hw okw Jkiaj

Ekvhwlchl~ Wkghw~ Ckjjkp* Ima`wcal Cw, Dxy~ìh Dkml Fhllp -mhwhao~hw whohwwhn ~k

ay ~mh Fhllp Whrkw~1) uay rxgj`ymhn kl Dalxawp 105>, ^mh a`c ko ~mh whrkw~ uay ay

okjjkuy6

^k ikly`nhw* `l ~mh `l~hwhy~y ko ~mh ikcckl ekkn* rkyy`gjh chayxwhy okw#

-a) Ikl~wkjj`le ~mh rwìh ko nhvhjkrchl~ jaln whqx`whn okw mkxy`le aln k~mhw

okwcy ko nhvhjkrchl~*

-g) Hlyxw`le ~ma~ ajj kw a yxgy~al~àj raw~ ko ~mh `liwhayh `l ~mh vajxh

a~~w`gx~agjh ~k ~mh nhi`y`kly aln krhwa~`kly ko rxgjì ax~mkw`~`hy ymajj gh

yhixwhn okw ~mh ghlho`~ ko ~mh ikccxl`~p,

-@w`ym Ekvhwlchl~* 105>)

Kvhw ~mh ray~ nhianh @whjalny nhvhjkrchl~ vajxhy u`~lhyyhn phaw ao~hw phaw `liwhayhy

~k y~aeehw`le mhèm~y, Mkuhvhw* o`lajjp ~mh rwkrhw~p gkkc iach ~k al hln whyxj~`le `l

al `cchnà~h aln y~hhr nhihl~ ko ~mh `loja~hn nhvhjkrchl~ jaln rwìhy, ^m`y jho~

ghm`ln `~ a chyyp ~wa`j koo kvhwvajxhn y`~hy aln lhea~`vh hqx`~p ~ma~ iw`~ìajjp aoohi~hn

kxw La~`kly o`laliàj `ly~`~x~`kly, ^mh vajxhy u`~lhyyhn nxw`le ~mh gkkc rwkvhn ~k gh

mèmjp xlyxy~a`lagjh aln vhwp j`~~jh ko ~mh `liwhayh* xyxajjp nxh ~k nhi`y`kly kw

rwkv`y`kl ko yhwvìhy gp ~mh Jkiaj Ax~mkw`~`hy -mhwhao~hw whohwwhn ~k ay J,A,)* uay

wh~xwlhn ~k ~mh ikccxl`~p, ^mh qxhy~`kl lku `y ikxjn ~mh yimhchy whikcchlnhn gp

~mh Fhllp Whrkw~ mavh rwhvhl~hn ~m`y,

1Whohw ~k Arrhln`} E okw h}~wai~ ko whrkw~ `lijxn`le ~mh ca`l whikcchlna~`kly, A oxjj rno, vhwy`kl ko ~mh Fhllp Whrkw~ may ajyk`lijxnhn kl ~mh n`yf aiikcralp`le ~m`y n`yyhw~a~`kl,


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1,7Mprk~mhy`y

^mh mprk~mhy`y okw ~m`y y~xnp `y # Ikxjn ~mh `liwhayh ko nhvhjkrchl~ jaln vajxhy

u`~m`l ~mh Ewha~hw Nxgj`l Awha mavh ghhl rwhvhl~hn;

@~ `y ikcckl flkujhneh ~ma~ rwkrhw~p aln nhvhjkrchl~ jaln vajxhy hyiaja~hn ~k

xlwhaj`y~ì mhèm~y kvhw ~mh ray~ nhianh, Mkuhvhw `~ `y ehlhwajjp xlflkul ~mh Fhllp

Whrkw~ ko 105> whikcchlnhn ch~mkny ko rwhvhl~`le ~m`y rmhlkchlkl, ^m`y

mprk~mhy`y e`vhy ~mh yikrh ~k `lvhy~èa~h rwhv`kxy nhvhjkrchl~ jaln vajxh ~whlny

u`~m`l ~mh Ewha~hw Nxgj`l Awha -mhwhao~hw whohwwhn ~k ay E,N,A,) aln rwkvhy kw

n`yrwkvh ò kwè`lajjp `crjhchl~hn* ~mh whikcchlna~`kly ko ~mh Fhllp Whrkw~ ikxjn

mavh rwhvhl~hn ~mhyh ojxi~xa~`kly um`jy~ yxiihyyoxjjp whikxr`le ykch ko ~mh `liwhayh

`l vajxhy okw wh`lvhy~chl~ `l jkiaj `loway~wxi~xwh,

1,9 A`c aln Kgdhi~`vhy

1,9,1 A`c

^m`y n`yyhw~a~`kl a`cy ~k rwkv`nh a ijhaw `lnìa~`kl ko nhvhjkrchl~ jaln vajxh ~whlny

u`~m`l ~mh E,N,A, kvhw ~mh jay~ nhianh aln a majo, @~ `y ~mhl rwkrkyhn ~k `lvhy~èa~h

aln h}rkyh ~mh `lojxhlihy kl ~mhyh ~whlny ~k xlnhwy~aln uma~ lhhny ~k gh ikly`nhwhn

umhl ikl~wkjj`le jaln vajxhy, ^mh ax~mkw ~mhl `l~hlny ~k yrhiòìajjp h}ac`lh ~mh

whikcchlna~`kly ko ~mh Fhllp Whrkw~ ko 105> aln ~mh rkyy`g`j`~`hy ko

`crjhchl~a~`kl ~mhwhgp ikl~wkjj`le ox~xwh nhvhjkrchl~ jaln vajxhy ~mwkxem y~a~h

`l~hwvhl~`kl, ^mhl o`lajjp ~mh ax~mkw a`cy ~k nh~hwc`lh ò ~mh rwkrkyhn yimhchy ikxjn

mavh yxiihyyoxjjp rwhvhl~hn yxim al `liwhayh um`jh whikxr`le ~mh gh~~hwchl~,


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Nav`n Iayy`np G,Yi, -Mkly) Rwkrhw~p Y~xn`hy 7220+12 z >

1,9,7 Kgdhi~`vhy

^k ea~mhw aiixwa~h `lokwca~`kl kl ~mh ray~ nhvhjkrchl~ jaln vajxhy aln nhrì~~mh ~whlny ~k mhjr h}rkyh ~mh h}~hl~ ko ~mh ojxi~xa~`kly,

Nh~hwc`lh a yh~ ko ca`l `lojxhlihy kl ~mh `liwhayhy `l nhvhjkrchl~ jaln vajxhy~k yh~ a gaifewkxln kl uma~ h}ai~jp `y whqx`whn ~k nhaj u`~m jaln `liwhayhy,

H}ac`lh ~mh Fhllp Whrkw~ nkixchl~a~`kl ghokwh rwkv`n`le a ijhaw aln hayp ~kwhan y~whacj`lhn h}rjala~`kl ko haim rwkrkyaj aln whvhaj ~mh qxaj`~`hy aln

nwaugaify ko haim klh,

Whvhaj ~mh h}~hl~ ko ~mh gh~~hwchl~ ea`ly u`~lhyyhn jaln kulhwy klnhvhjkrchl~ jaln ~walyai~`kly ~mwkxem a mprk~mh~ìaj why`nxaj vajxa~`kl aln

@lvhy~èa~h ~mh okwhèl h}rhw`hlihy ko y`c`jaw yimhchy ay ~mkyh whikcchlnhn`l ~mh Fhllp Whrkw~ ~k nh~hwc`lh ~mh`w yxiihyy kw oa`jxwh,

Nh~hwc`lh ò alp ko ~mh Fhllp Whrkw~y whikcchlnhn yimhchy ikxjn mavhrwhvhl~hn a w`yh `l nhvhjkrchl~ jaln vajxhy

Kx~j`lh whikcchlna~`kly ko rkyy`gjh vawà~`kly ~k ~mh rwkrkyhn yimhchy ~kcafh ~mhc ckwh hooì`hl~ ò whqx`whn okw ox~xwh `crjhchl~a~`kl `l @whjaln,

1,> ^mh rawach~hwy ko ~mh y~xnp

^m`y rarhw `y a y~xnp ko ~mh Ewha~hw Nxgj`l Awha aln umh~mhw `~y nhvhjkrchl~ jaln

vajxh ojxi~xa~`kly ikxjn mavh ghhl yxy~a`lhn aln jhv`hn ~k whikxr gh~~hwchl~ okw ~mh

ghlho`~ ko ~mh ikccxl`~p, Hjhchl~y ko ~m`y y~xnp whohw ~k Nxgj`l I`~p* Jh`ly~hw*

@whjaln aln ikcraw`ykly awh nwaul owkc ~mwhh k~mhw H,X, ikxl~w`hy* mkuhvhw ~mh

rw`li`rjh ko ~m`y n`yyhw~a~`kl okixyhy kl ~mh Ewha~hw Nxgj`l Awha,


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1,8 Whyhawim Ch~mknkjkep

^mh ~prh ko na~a ikjjhi~hn `y y~wklejp whja~hn ~k ~mh ch~mkny ko whyhawim imkyhl aln

~mh whyhawim whyxj~y aln iklijxy`kly awh ~mhl wh`lokwihn gp ~mhyh ch~mkny, ^mh

whyhawim ch~mknkjkep ial mavh a ewha~ `lojxhlih kl ~mh n`whi~`kl ko ~mh y~xnp aln

iklyhqxhl~jp ~mh kx~ikch ko ~mh y~xnp, ^mh fhp iw`~hwà okw nhi`n`le umìm ch~mkny

ko whyhawim ~k xyh awh ~mh whjhvalih ~k ~mh y~xnp* ~mh ava`jag`j`~p ko `lokwca~`kl aln

h~mìaj rawach~hwy, -Nhlyikcgh* 7229)

1,8,1 Qxaj`~a~`vh Whyhawim

C`jhy aln Mxghwcal -100>* i`~hn `l Nhlyikcgh* 7225*) whikel`thn klh cadkw oha~xwh

ko qxaj`~a~`vh na~a4 ~mhp okixy kl la~xwajjp kiixww`le* kwn`lawp hvhl~y `l la~xwaj

yh~~`ley* yk ~ma~ uh mavh a y~wkle malnjh kl uma~ whaj#jòh `y j`fh,

^k aiihyy ~m`y ~prh ko whyhawim ~mh h}rhw`hlihy aln kr`l`kly ko vaw`kxy rwkohyy`klajy*

rjallhwy* rkj`~ìàly aln nhvhjkrhwy uhwh ykxem~, @l hy~`ca~`le ~mh rwkgagjh kx~ikchy

ko `crjhchl~a~`kl ~mh Fhllp Whrkw~ rwkrkyhn whikcchlna~`kly a nhaj ko rhwihr~`kl

aln qxaj`~a~`vh whyhawim uay whqx`whn ~k nh~hwc`lh ~mh whyxj~y,

1,8,7 Qxal~`~a~`vh WhyhawimIwhyuhjj -100>* i`~hn `l Lakxc* 722=) `nhl~ò`hy qxal~`~a~`vh whyhawim ay kgdhi~`vh `l

la~xwh, Lakxc -722=) ikl~`lxhy ~k h}rja`l qxal~`~a~`vh whyhawim ay al `lqx`wp `l~k a

ykiàj kw mxcal rwkgjhc* gayhn kl ~hy~`le a mprk~mhy`y kw a ~mhkwp ikcrkyhn ko

vawàgjhy* chayxwhn u`~m lxcghwy* aln alajpyhn u`~m y~a~`y~ìaj rwkihnxwhy* `l kwnhw

~k nh~hwc`lh umh~mhw ~mh mprk~mhy`y kw ~mh ~mhkwp mkjn ~wxh, Aiikwn`le ~k

Nhlyikcgh -7229) ewha~hw iklo`nhlih ial gh rjaihn `l ~mh qxal~`~a~`vh o`ln`ley ay


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Nav`n Iayy`np G,Yi, -Mkly) Rwkrhw~p Y~xn`hy 7220+12 z ?

nho`l`~`vh lxchwìaj na~a `y ikjjhi~hn umìm jhlny `~yhjo ~k a ckwh alajp~ìaj y~xnp,

^mh why`nxaj vajxa~`kl aln yihlaw`k ~hy~`le ko o`laliàj kx~ikchy oajj xlnhw ~m`y

ia~hekwp ko whyhawim u`~m`l ~m`y rarhw,

1,8,9 Whyhawim Chimal`yc

^k iawwp kx~ a ikcrwhmhly`vh y~xnp kl ~mh ~krì okixy uay rjaihn kl nkixchl~awp

whyhawim* `l~hwv`huy aln a mprk~mh~ìaj iayh y~xnp, ^mh nkixchl~awp whyhawim

rwkv`nhn vajxagjh `lokwca~`kl kl ~mh ~krì aln mhjr rjaih ~mh y~xnp `l ikl~h}~,

@l~hwv`huy uhwh iklnxi~hn ~k nhjvh nhhrhw aln `l~hwrwh~ rhkrjhy kr`l`kly kl ~mh

~krì aln alyuhw qxhy~`kly ~ma~ awkyh nxw`le ~mh nkixchl~awp whyhawim, Aln o`lajjp a

iayh y~xnp uay iaww`hn kx~ okw alajpy`y aln ~k `jjxy~wa~h ~mh nòohwhlihy gh~uhhl ~mh

ixwwhl~ rwkihnxwh aln rkyy`gjh aj~hwla~`vhy,

1,8,> Nkixchl~awp Whyhawim

^mh ca`l rxwrkyh ko ~mh nkixchl~awp whyhawim uay ~k ea`l oai~xaj `lokwca~`kl kl ~mh

~krì `l maln gp whv`hu`le rwhv`kxy ukwf aln ~mhwhokwh `nhl~òp`le ~mh awhay `l lhhn

ko oxw~mhw y~xnp, ^mh nkixchl~awp whyhawim `y ~walyiw`ghn `l ~mh j`~hwa~xwh whv`hu

imar~hwy -imar~hwy 7 aln 9) aln okwchn ~mh gay`y ko ~mh rw`cawp whyhawim, ^m`y

whyhawim uay iaww`hn kx~ gp x~`j`y`le ykxwihy yxim ay rxgj`ymhn gkkfy* dkxwlaj aw~ìjhy*

lhuyrarhw aw~ìjhy* ekvhwlchl~ rxgjìa~`kly* rxgjì whikwny* jkiaj ax~mkw`~p

rxgjìa~`kly caeat`lhy aln `l~hwlh~ uhgy`~hy, ^mh whjhvalih aln iwhn`g`j`~p ko haim

ykxwih uay ikly`nhwhn rw`kw ~k xyh,


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1,8,? @l~hwv`huy

Aiikwn`le ~k Nhlyikcgh -7225) `l~hwv`huy awh ghy~ xyhn umhl arrj`hn ~k ~mh

h}rjkwa~`kl ko ckwh ikcrjh} aln yxg~jh rmhlkchla aln umhl ~mh whyhawimhw lhhny ~k

ea`l `lyèm~ ~k ~m`ley j`fhy rhkrjhy kr`l`kly* ohhj`ley* hck~`kly aln h}rhw`hlihy* ~mhl

`l~hwv`huy u`jj ajcky~ ihw~a`ljp rwkv`nh a ckwh yxg~jh ch~mkn a ch~mkn ~ma~ `y

a~~xlhn ~k ~mh `l~wìaip ko ~mh yxgdhi~ ca~~hw,

Nxh ~k ~mh yrhiàj`yhn la~xwh ko ~mh y~xnp aln ~mh j`c`~hn flkujhneh ko ~mh Fhllp

Whrkw~ whikcchlna~`kly `l~hwv`huy uhwh imkyhl `ly~han* ay krrkyhn ~k

qxhy~`klla`why, @~ uay ajyk ohj~ ~ma~ al `l~hwv`hu ukxjn rwkv`nh ckwh aiixwa~h

`lokwca~`kl ~ma~ a gwkan qxhy~`klla`wh n`y~w`gx~hn ~k a jaweh lxcghw ko rhkrjh, ^mh

`l~hwv`huy ajjkuhn ~mh whyhawimhw nhjvh nhhrhw `l~k ~mh `yyxhy yxwwkxln`le ~mh Fhllp

Whrkw~ whikcchlna~`kly aln nhvhjkrchl~ jaln vajxhy u`~m`l ~mh E,N,A,

^mh `l~hwv`huy uhwh iklnxi~hn `l a oaih#~k#oaih yhc` y~wxi~xwhn okwca~ ikl~a`l`le

krhl#hlnhn qxhy~`kly kl ~mh ~krì `l maln, ^m`y chal~ ~mh `l~hwv`huhw uay ojh}`gjh kl

~mh kwnhw ko ~mh qxhy~`kl`le ~mhwhokwh ajjku`le ~mh `l~hwv`huhh ~k yrhaf ckwh owhhjp

aln nhvhjkr `nhay kl ~mh `yyxhy wa`yhn, ^mh `l~hwv`huhhy7

uhwh yhjhi~hn owkc a vaw`h~p

ko rwkohyy`kly `lijxn`le rkj`~ìàly* rwkrhw~p iklyxj~al~y* hiklkc`y~y aln ~kul

rjallhwy, ^mh `nha ghm`ln yhjhi~`le a vaw`h~p ko rwkohyy`kly uay ~k avk`n gày* ea~mhw a

vaw`h~p ko nòohwhl~ rhwyrhi~`vhy aln rwkv`nh a ikl~way~ okw alajpy`le ~mh whyxj~y,

7 Ajj rk~hl~àj `l~hwv`huhhy uhwh ikl~ai~hn `l anvalih aln `lokwchn ko ~mh rxwrkyh ko ~mh y~xnp ~mxy mav`le ~mh

kr~`kl ~k whoxyh ~k raw~ì`ra~h kw whca`l`le alklpckxy ,^mh `l~hwv`huy uhwh whikwnhn aln ajj `l~hwv`huhhy uhwh

ikcokw~agjh u`~m ~m`y aln iklyhl~hn,


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Nav`n Iayy`np G,Yi, -Mkly) Rwkrhw~p Y~xn`hy 7220+12 z =

^mh `l~hwv`huy uhwh ~mhl alajpyhn ~k h}rkyh ~mh ca`l `yyxhy wa`yhn `l haim yhyy`kl,

^m`y uay nklh gp a rwkihyy iajjhn ikel`~`vh carr`le, ^mh a`c ko ikel`~`vh carr`le

`y ~k rwkv`nh ayy`y~alih u`~m y~wxi~xw`le ikcrjh} kw cxnnjhn na~a okw rwkgjhc

ykjv`le, @~ ajyk ai~y ay ~kkj ayy`y~`le ~mh `l~hwv`hu rwkihyy gp ehlhwa~`le aehlnay aln

`~y ag`j`~p ~k calaeh jaweh ackxl~y ko na~a, -Aifhwcall h~,aj 1005)

^m`y rwkihyy avk`ny gày aln `liwhayhy aiixwaip ay krrkyhn ~k ~wan`~`klaj ch~mkny ko

nhrì~`le yhjhi~hn rmayhy kw qxk~hy, ^m`y ch~mkn n`yrjapy ~mh rwkgjhcy -nw`vhwy)*

rkyy`gjh ykjx~`kly ~k ~mhyh rwkgjhcy -y~wa~heì kr~`kly) aln o`lajjp ~mh `nhaj kx~ikch

ko xy`le ~mh rkyy`gjh ykjx~`kly -ekajy), ^k nk ~m`y o`wy~jp ~mh rwkgjhc kw yxgdhi~ cxy~

gh whrwhyhl~hn ay a yhw`hy ko ymkw~ rmwayhy* haim a y`lejh `nha kw iklihr~, ^k nk ~m`y

~mh yhl~hlihy awh yhrawa~hn `l~k n`y~`li~ rmwayhy, O`lajjp ~mh n`y~`li~ rmwayhy iklihr~y

awh y`crjp ykw~hn `l~k japhwy ko m`hwawimp, -Aifhwcal h~,aj* 1007) A ikel`~`vh car

uay rwknxihn ~mhl alajpyhn okw haim `l~hwv`huhh aln awh `lijxnhn `l ~mh `l~hwv`hu

imar~hw -imar~hw >),

Ekajy

Y~waeh~ì Kr~`kly

Nw`vhwy

Oèxwh 1,1 ^prìaj Y~wxi~xwh ko a Ikel`~`vh Car* -Aifhwcal h~,aj* 1005)


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1,8,5 Iayh Y~xnp

Nhlyikcgh -7229) kx~j`lhy h}rja`ly a iayh y~xnp ay a okixy kl klh `ly~alih ko a

raw~ìxjaw rmhlkchlkl u`~m a v`hu ~k rwkv`n`le al `l#nhr~m aiikxl~ ko hvhl~y*

whja~`klym`ry kw rwkihyyhy kiixww`le `l ~ma~ raw~ìxjaw `ly~alih, O`wy~jp a mprk~mh~ìaj

why`nxaj vajxa~`kl uay xyhn ~k h}rkyh ~mh o`laliàj ghlho`~y aln n`yanval~aehy ko ~mh

ixwwhl~ nhvhjkrchl~ rwkihnxwh, ^mhyh whyxj~y uhwh ~mhl ikcrawhn ~k ~mh rk~hl~àj

o`laliàj kx~ikchy ko ~mh Fhllp Whrkw~y aj~hwla~`vh yimhchy, ^mh o`laliàj

kx~ikchy uhwh ayyhyyhn `l whja~`kl ~k ~mh nhvhjkrhw* ~mh jalnkulhw aln ~mh J,A,

1,? J`c`~a~`kly

^mh ca`l j`c`~a~`kl hlikxl~hwhn uay aiihyy ~k `l~hwv`huhhy, ^m`y uay nxh ~k ~mhjaif ko ikcrwhmhly`vh flkujhneh kl ~mh Fhllp Whrkw~y whikcchlna~`kly,

^mxy* ~mh lxcghw rkyy`gjh `l~hwv`huhhy ~ma~ ikxjn raw~ì`ra~h uhwh vhwp why~wì~hn,

Calp J,A, whrwhyhl~a~`vhy uhwh ikl~ai~hn mkuhvhw ~mhp nhij`lhn nxh ~k ~mh

xlihw~a`l~p ko ~mh ca`l rwkrkyajy ko ~mh Fhllp Whrkw~,

^mwkxemkx~ ~m`y rarhw whohwhlih u`jj gh canh ~k ~mh yxrrjp ko jaln ikc`le ~k ~mhcawfh~ `l whja~`kl ~k ~mh iarag`j`~`hy ko ~mh Jkiaj Ax~mkw`~`hy aln jaln mkawn`le kw

galf`le, ^m`y rarhw u`jj lk~ rwkvh ~mhyh y`~xa~`kly kiixwwhn nxh ~k ~mh nhhrhw aln

ckwh ~`ch iklyxc`le whyhawim whqx`whn,

Umhl `lvhy~èa~`le ~mh rwìh `liwhayhy ko nhvhjkrchl~ jaln vajxhy ~mh ax~mkw u`jjgh okixy`le kl ~mh cawfh~ aln rjall`le aoohi~y, Nxh ~k ~mh ukwn why~wì~`kly ~mh

hiklkcìy ko xwgal jaln u`jj lk~ gh `lvhy~èa~hn,

^mhwh may ghhl cxim nhga~h kl ~mh ikly~`~x~`klaj`~p ko ~mh Fhllp Whrkw~ywhikcchlna~`kly `l whja~`kl ~k rwk~hi~`kl ko rw`va~h rwkrhw~p wèm~y, ^mh ax~mkw


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aiihr~y ~m`y `y a jaweh `yyxh u`~m ~mh rwkrkyhn yimhchy aln okw ~ma~ whaykl u`jj

ikvhw ~mh gayìy ko ~mh rwk~hi~`kl ko rw`va~h rwkrhw~p wèm~y, Mkuhvhw ~m`y rarhw

u`jj lk~ `lvhy~èa~h kw nh~hwc`lh ~mh ikly~`~x~`klaj`~p ko ~mh yimhchy `lvkjvhn,

Aianhcì j`~hwa~xwh kl ~mh yrhiòì yimhchy whikcchlnhn uay vhwp j`c`~hnmkuhvhw ~mh j`~hwa~xwh ~ma~ uay ava`jagjh uay whja~`vhjp whihl~,

^mh rarhw u`jj cafh whohwhlih ~k gk~m ikcchwiàj aln why`nhl~àj nhvhjkrchl~jaln, Mkuhvhw ay ~mh Fhllp Whrkw~ uay gayhn kl why`nhl~àj nhvhjkrchl~ jaln*

~m`y rarhw u`jj rw`caw`jp whja~h ~k why`nhl~àj nhvhjkrchl~ jaln,

^mh iayh y~xnp uay fhr~ whja~`vhjp y`crjh, A ckwh nh~a`jhn `lvhy~èa~`kl ikxjnmavh ghhl iaww`hn kx~ kl ~mh mprk~mh~ìaj nhvhjkrchl~ xy`le a Jaln Cawfh~

Ayyhyychl~ Ypy~hc9

-JCAY) mkuhvhw ~m`y uay `crwai~ìaj okw ~m`y y~xnp nxh ~k

~mh ~`ch ikly~wa`l~y,

9-Whohw ~k Dklhy h~ aj, *100>)


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Ikxjn ~mh W`yh ko Nhvhjkrchl~ Jaln _ajxhy `l ~mh Ewha~hw Nxgj`l Awha Mavh Ghhl Rwhvhl~hn; Nhvhjkrchl~ Jaln


Imar~hw 7

Nhvhjkrchl~ Jaln


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7,1 @l~wknxi~`kl

^m`y imar~hw u`jj ghe`l gp `l~wknxi`le ~mh y~xnp awha ko ~m`y rarhw aln ~mh gayì

oxlnachl~ajy ko jalnhn rwkrhw~p, ^m`y imar~hw u`jj ikl~`lxh* u`~m a whrwhyhl~a~ kl ko ~mh

`loja~`kl ko nhvhjkrchl~ jaln vajxhy gh~uhhl 100? aln 722? aln a whv`hu ko j`~hwa~xwh*

~k h}rkyh ~mh ca`l oai~kwy ~ma~ `lojxhlihn ~mhyh `liwhayhy, @l ~mh yhikln majo ko ~m`y

imar~hw ~mh okixy u`jj ~walyohw ~k ~mh `lojxhlihy `liwhay le jaln vajxhy gp v`w~xh ko ~mh

rjall`le ypy~hc, O`lajjp ~mh iklihr~ ko gh~~hwchl~ u`jj gh h}rja`lhn* um`jh ajyk h}rky`le

~mh kwè`ly ko ~m`y hiklkcì rwkyrhw`~p aiiwx`le ~k jalnkulhwy,


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7,7 ^mh Ewha~hw Nxgj`l Awha

Nxgj`l `y ~mh iar`~aj i`~p ko @whjaln, Nxgj`l i`~p may u`~lhyyhn ewha~ rkrxja~`kl ewku~m

umìm ajkle u`~m k~mhw oai~kwy may ikl~w`gx~hn ~k ~mh yèlòìal~ n`yrhwyaj ko Nxgj`ly

mkxy`le ai~`v`~p `l~k al h}ralnhn m`l~hwjaln, -U`jjàcy* Ym`hjny / Mxemhy* 7229) ^mh

ENA `lijxnhy ~mh J,A, awha ko Nxgj`l I`~p* Nxl Jakema`wh# Wa~mnkul* O`leaj* Ykx~m

Nxgj`l* F`jnawh* Cha~m* aln Uìfjku aln `likwrkwa~hy ~mh whe`kly ko gk~m ~mh Nxgj`l

Whe`klaj Ax~mkw`~p aln ~mh C`n#Hay~ Whe`klaj Ax~mkw`~p, -Y~wa~heì Rjall`le Ex`nhj`lhy

Kooìh* 7212)

Oèxwh 7,1 Car ko Ewha~hw Nxgj`l Awha

-Ykxwih4 Gwanp* Ym`rcal* Caw~`l* 1000, @lyh~4 La~`klaj ^walyrkw~ Ax~mkw`~p* 7212)


27/169


Nav`n Iayy`np G,Yi, -Mkly) Rwkrhw~p Y~xn`hy 7220+12 z 1>

7,9 @l~wknxi~`kl ~k Jaln

Jaln `y a g`kjkeìaj hyyhl~àj aln mxcaly iallk~ yxwv`vh u`~mkx~ `~, Jaln ial gh

h}rja`lhn ay hvhwp~m`le ~ma~ uh nk lk~ iwha~h, Mkuhvhw `~ `y `crkw~al~ ~k whaj`yh ~ma~ jaln

`y lk~ dxy~ `~y rmpy iaj h}`y~hlih, Jaln `y ai~xajjp ~mh whl~aj `likch ~ma~ ~mh rxgjì `y

u`jj`le ~k rap okw ~mh ghlho`~y ko kulhwym`r kw aiihyy ~k xyh ko ~mh jaln, -Maww`ykl* 7229)

Mkuhvhw haim r`hih ko jaln `y mh~hwkehlhkxy caf`le rwìh ikcraw`ykly aln `l ~xwl ~mh

jaln vajxa~`kl rwkihyy nòoìxj~, Jaln ajklh may j`~~jh kw lk `l~w`lyì vajxh agkvh

aewìxj~xwaj vajxh1

ò `~ ial kljp gh xyhn okw aewìxj~xwaj rxwrkyhy, Mkuhvhw jaln may a

mèmhw vajxh ò ial gh xyhn okw gx`jn`le kl aln ~m`y ~prh ko jaln `y iajjhn gx`jn`le jaln kw

ay whohwwhn ~k ~mwkxemkx~ ~m`y rarhw nhvhjkrchl~ jaln,

7,> Nhvhjkrchl~ Jaln

Nhvhjkrchl~ jaln ial gh nho`lhn ay al hjhchl~ ko la~xwaj whykxwihy umìm cap `l ~mh

ox~xwh gh xyhn okw rmpy iaj nhvhjkrchl~, -Jìmo`hjn* 7222) Nhvhjkrchl~ `y nho`lhn l

Yhi~`kl 9 ko ~mh Rjall`le aln Nhvhjkrchl~ Ai~* 7222* ay ~mh iawwp`le kx~ ko ukwfy kl*

kvhw kw xlnhw jaln,7

ûk oxlnachl~ajy cxy~ gh xlnhwy~kkn ghokwh e`v`le a gaifewkxln

~k nhvhjkrchl~ jaln, O`wy~jp* ~mh rwìh ko nhvhjkrchl~ jaln `y lk~ nhw`vhn owkc ~mh iky~

ko rwknxi~`kl ay `~ may lk rwknxi~`kl iky~, ^mh yhikln oai~ `y mèm nhvhjkrchl~ jaln

rwìhy `y ~mh kx~ikch ko mèm why`nhl~àj aln ikcchwiàj rwkrhw~p rwìhy* lk~ ~mh ykxwih

ay `~ `y ko~hl rhwih`vhn ~k gh, -Nxllh* 7229) ^mhwhokwh nhvhjkrchl~ jaln `y a nhw`vhn

nhcaln, Nhvhjkrchl~ Jaln `y chwhjp al `lewhn`hl~ ko ~mh hln rwknxi~, @~ `y xl`qxh `l

~ma~ `~y vajxh `y ~mh why`nxh jho~ umhl klh nhnxi~y ajj ko ~mh k~mhw ikcrklhl~y `l

nhvhjkrchl~ rwkihyy yxim ay ikly~wxi~`kl iky~y* rjall`le iky~y* rwkohyy klaj ohhy*

1

Aewìxj~xwaj vajxh `y jaln `l `~y wau okwc xl#tklhn kw tklhn okw aewìxj~xwaj xyh, Aewìxj~xwaj jaln `y vajxhn kl ~mhhiklkcì wh~xwl owkc ~prh ko aewìxj~xwh iaww`hn kx~ kl ~ma~ jaln,7 Whjhval~ H}~wai~* Yhi~`kl 9 -Nhvhjkrchl~) ko ~mh Rjall`le aln Nhvhjkrchl~ Ai~* 7222* ial gh yhhl `l Arrhln`} G


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gx`jnhwy rwko`~y* aiqx`y`~`kl iky~y kl ~mh y`~h `~yhjo* jheaj iky~y* h~i, -@w`ym Axi~`klhhwy

aln _ajxhwy @ly~`~x~h* 7229)

7,8 Xlnhwy~aln`le ~mh Yxrrjp aln Nhcaln ko Jaln

Ay Hiijhy -1000) h}rja`ly jaln `y lk~ a rhwohi~ cawfh~* `~ `y al `crhwohi~ cawfh~, Jaln `y

mh~hwkehlhkxy `l ~ma~ `~ iallk~ gh rwknxihn kw ckvhn, ^mhwhokwh ~mh jkia~`kl `y ~mh ca`l

oai~kw nh~hwc`l`le ~mh rwìh ko ~mh jaln* u`~m ~mh yxrrjp aln nhcaln `l ~mh `cchnà~h

jkiaj`~p `lojxhli`le ~ma~ rwìh, Ay a whyxj~ ò ~mh jalnkulhw may jaln u`~m`l a whe`kl ~ma~

may a mèm nhcaln okw jaln* kw a ymkw~ yxrrjp ko jaln* ~mh jalnkulhw `y `l a y~wkle

rky`~`kl ~k whih`vh jaweh rwko`~y, ^xwlhw -1055) ija`chn a jaif ko flkujhneh ko jaln

cawfh~y* jaif ko ihl~waj cawfh~ rjaih aln a owaechl~hn cawfh~ chaly rxwimayhwy rap

rwìhy ~ma~ awh xlwhaj`y~ì ~k ~mh ixwwhl~ cawfh~,

@o ~mh nhcaln okw nhvhjkrchl~ jaln `liwhayhy `~ nkhy lk~ whyxj~ `l al `liwhayh `l yxrrjp*

ay `y ~mh lkwc u`~m ikc`~`hy -`liwhayh `l nhcaln iaxyhy `liwhayh `l yxrrjp), Jaln iallk~

gh rwknxihn ~mhwhokwh ~mh yxrrjp ko jaln `y o`}hn6 mhlih jaln `y al `crhwohi~ cawfh~,

Uawwhl -7222)

Oèxwh 7,7 Yxrrjp aln Nhcaln ko Jaln -Ykxwih4 Uawwhl* 7222)


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Nav`n Iayy`np G,Yi, -Mkly) Rwkrhw~p Y~xn`hy 7220+12 z 1?

7,? Whv`hu ko Nhvhjkrchl~ Jaln _ajxhy u`~m`l ~mh ENA

Ixwwhl~jp `l @whjaln ~mhwh `y lk la~`klaj na~agayh okw whikwn`le nhvhjkrchl~ jaln vajxhy,

Gwàl Mxemhy -7212) ija`cy ~m`y jaif ko ijaw`~p `y a oxlnachl~aj `yyxh whyxj~`le ~k jaln

vajxh `liwhayhy, Mh y~a~`le @whjaln `y klh ko ~mh kljp i`v`j`yhn ikxl~w`hy `l ~mh ukwjn ~ma~

nkhy lk~ mavh oxjj krhllhyy umhl `~ ikchy ~k nhvhjkrchl~ jaln ~walyai~`kly, ^mhwh `y

mkuhvhw al allxaj yxwvhp iaww`hn kx~ gp ~mh @w`ym Axi~`klhhwy aln _ajxhwy @ly~`~x~h

-@,A,_,@,) umìm ikcr`jhy nhvhjkrchl~ jaln ~walyai~`kly okw haim phaw, ^m`y `lokwca~`kl

uay ea~mhwhn gp ~mh ax~mkw aln `y whrwhyhl~hn `l a yhw`hy ko ewarmy ~k nhrì~ ~mh jaln

vajxh ojxi~xa~`kly, ^mh yxwvhpy awh n`v`nhn `l~k ~mh okxw rwkv`liàj awhay aln Nxgj l, Ajj

~mh ewarmy uhwh rwknxihn ~k n`yrjap ~mh ~whlny `l nhvhjkrchl~ jaln vajxhy gh~uhhl 100?

aln 7220,9

9 ^mh phaw 100? `y yh~ ay ~mh gayh phaw a~ 122(

Oèxwh 7,9 Nhvhjkrchl~ Jaln _ajxhy Nxgj`l* Ajj Yhi~kwy -Ykxwih4 @,A,_,@, Allxaj Rwkrhw~p Yxwvhp 100? # 722?)

@


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^mh jawehy~ `liwhayh uay yhhl `l ~mh araw~chl~ yhi~kw u`~m a 198( `liwhayh okjjkuhn gp

~mh mkxy`le yhi~kwy u`~m `liwhayhy ko 12=(, ^mh gèehy~ oajjy u`~lhyyhn gh~uhhl 722?

aln 7220 uhwh `l ~mh araw~chl~ yhi~kw u`~m a 0>( nhiwhayh aln ~mh mkxy`le yhi~kw u`~m a

nwkr ko =0(, ^k rx~ ~m`y `l rhwyrhi~`vh a nhvhjkrchl~ y`~h ~ma~ uay vajxhn 7*222*222 al

aiwh `l 722? ukxjn mavh nhrwhià~hn gp =0( jhav`le `~ vajxhn a~ 772*222 `l 7220,

^m`y `y ikcrawhn ~k ~mh 98( nwkr a Nxgj`l mkxyh ukxjn mavh u`~lhyyhn* yh~~`le klh

vajxhn 822*222 nkul ~k 978*222, -Ci Qxa`n* 7212) G`jj Lkujal -722=) h}rja`ly ~mh

y`~xa~`kl y~a~`le jaln vajxhy ek xr j`fh a wkifh~ aln oajj j`fh a y~klh aln ~m`y yhhcy ~k

mavh ghhl gkwlh kx~ ko @whjaln kvhw ~mh whihl~ phawy,

Oèxwh 7,> Why`nhl~àj Nhvhjkrchl~ Jaln _ajxhy Nxgj`l / Jh`ly~hw* Jhvhj Ikcraw`ykl Ewarm

-Ykxwih4 @,A,_,@, Allxaj Rwkrhw~p Yxwvhp 100? # 722?)


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Nav`n Iayy`np G,Yi, -Mkly) Rwkrhw~p Y~xn`hy 7220+12 z 1=

Ay h}rja`lhn* ~mh araw~chl~ yhi~kw may yhhl ~mh jawehy~ nwkr* ph~ ~mh cky~ yxgy~al~àj

nwkr `l vajxh uay u`~lhyyhn `l nhvhjkrchl~ jaln okw mkxy`le, ^mh mkxy`le nhvhjkrchl~

jaln nhiwhayh ko =0( nhoja~hn vajxhy gaif ~k jhvhjy jay~ yhhl `l 1005 , ^mh whca`lnhw ko

Jh`ly~hw may yhhl a y`c`jaw nwkr ko =5( nxw`le ~mh yach rhw`kn nhoja~`le vajxhy gaif ~k

~ma~ ko 100=,

Ay nh~hwc`lhn hawj`hw* nhvhjkrchl~ jaln `y a nhw`vhn nhcaln, ^m`y chaly ~ma~ nhcaln

okw nhvhjkrchl~ jaln `y nxh ~k ~mh nhcaln okw alk~mhw ekkn, Aln `l ~mh iayh ko

why`nhl~aj nhvhjkrchl~ jaln ~ma~ ekkn `y mkxy`le, ^mxy a ikwwhja~`kl ial gh yhhl

gh~uhhl ~mh kvhwajj ~whlny gh~uhhl Nxgj`ly mkxy`le cawfh~ aln nhvhjkrchl~ jaln

cawfh~, Alajpy`le ~mh imaw~ ymkuy a yjèm~ yjkunkul `l ~mh mkxy`le cawfh~ ikcrawhn ~k

a ymawr nhiwhayh u`~lhyyhn gp nhvhjkrchl~ jaln, ^m`y `y ghiaxyh alp imalehy `l ~mh

cawfh~ u`jj nhyihln ~k ~mh nhvhjkrchl~ jaln rwìh, -Nxllh* 722>)

Oèxwh 7,8 Mkxyh Rwìhy / Why`nhl~àj Nhvhjkrchl~ Jaln* Nxgj`l -Ykxwih4 @,A,_,@, Allxaj Rwkrhw~p Yxwvhp

100? # 722?)


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^m`y whyxj~ ajyk mèmjèm~y ~mh vkja~`j`~p ko ~mh why`nhl~àj nhvhjkrchl~ jaln cawfh~, ^mh

`lokwca~`kl ~himlkjkep whihyy`kl ikxrjhn u`~m ~mh 0+11 ~hwwkw`y~ a~~aify aln okk~ aln

ckx~m yiawh nxw`le ~mh ~xwl ko ~mh c`jjhll`xc ajyk man a lhea~`vh hoohi~ kl jaln vajxhy,

-Rhwcalhl~ ^,Y,G,* 7225) ^mhwh `y a lk~ìhagjp y~hhrhw nwkr `l nhvhjkrchl~ jaln vajxhy

nxw`le ~mh whihyy`kl rhw`kn ao~hw 722? u`~m nhvhjkrchl~ jaln vajxhy nwkrr`le =0( `l

ikcraw`ykl ~k ~mh >2( nwkr `l mkxyh rwìhy, Mkuhvhw mkxy le `y lk~ ~mh kljp oai~kw ~ma~

aoohi~y nhvhjkrchl~ jaln vajxhy ay u`jj gh canh ijhaw `l ~mh whca`lnhw ko ~m`y imar~hw,

7,5 Oai~kwy `lojxhli`le ~mh w`yh `l nhvhjkrchl~ jaln vajxhy

Nhvhjkrchl~ jaln `y nh~hwc`lhn gp ~mh `l~hwai~`kl ko yxrrjp aln nhcaln, U`~m ~mh

yxrrjp ko nhvhjkrchl~ jaln `l ~mh malny ko ~mh rjall`le ax~mkw`~`hy* ~mh nhcaln `y

nh~hwc`lhn gp a lxcghw ko oai~kwy, -Wa~ijòo* 7220) ^mh @w`ym hiklkcp u`~lhyyhn a gkkc

nxgghn ^mh Ihj~ì ^èhw, Nxw`le ~m`y rhw`kn ~mh nhcaln aln yxrrjp oai~kwy mhav`jp

`lojxhlihn ~mh rwì`le ko nhvhjkrchl~ jaln, ^mh nhcaln okw nhvhjkrchl~ jaln uay

nh~hwc`lhn gp gk~m nhckewarmì aln hiklkcì ewku~m nxw`le ~mh gkkc phawy, ^mh

v`hurk`l~ rkrxja~`kl aln hiklkcì ewku~m nk lk~ ~afh rjaih `l ~m`l a`w* ~mhp whqx`wh

jaln aln jk~y ko `~ ihw~a`ljp h}rja`ly ~mh y`~xa~`kl ~ma~ kiixwwhn `l ~mh ENA kvhw whihl~

phawy, -Dklhy* Uawn* Rh~hw* 722>)


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7 ,5,1 Nhckewarmìy

O`wy~jp ~k rx~ @whjaln `l ikl~h}~ `~ `y arrwk}`ca~hjp ~mh y`th ko ~mh Lh~mhwjalny aln

Ghje`xc rx~ ~keh~mhw ph~ may a rkrxja~`kl l`lh ~`chy jhyy ~mal ~mkyh ikxl~w`hy ikcg`lhn

aln y`c`jaw ~k ~ma~ ko C`jal, Kl a la~`klaj jhvhj ko ~mh >,79 c`jj`kl rhkrjh j`v`le `l

@whjaln 90 ( kw 1,?? c`jj`kl awh j`v`le `l ~mh ENA>

@ccèwa~`kl uay a~ al ajj ~`ch mèm aln rkrxja~`kl ewku~m ikl~`lxhn ~k `liwhayh, ^mhyh

~uk oai~kwy iwha~hn a ewha~hw nhcaln okw aiikcckna~`kl aln nhvhjkrchl~ jalny, Calp

pkxle rhkrjh ojkifhn ~k ~mh E,N,A yhhf`le hcrjkpchl~ iwha~`le a pkxlehw y~wxi~xwh

~k ~mh rkrxja~`kl, -Gkpjh* 7212) ^m`y `l#cèwa~`kl marrhlhn nxh ~k ~mh hiklkcì

rwkyrhw`~p ko ~mh E,N,A whe`kl ay ial gh yhhl owkc oèxwh 7,5,

>

Ajj oèxwhy uhwh kg~a`lhn owkc ~mh 722? I,Y,K, Ihlyxy aln Hxwkrhal Yra~àj Rjall`le Kgyhwva~`kl Lh~ukwf* Y~xnp kl XwgalOxli~`kly Whrkw~* 7225

Oèxwh 7,? @w`ym Rkrxja~`kl6 E,N, A, ay a Rhwihl~aeh ko ~mh Y~a~h

-Ykxwih4 I,Y,K, Ihlyxy* 722?)
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European_Spatial_Planning_Observation_Networkhttp://www.espon.eu/mmp/online/website/content/projects/261/420/index_EN.htmlhttp://www.espon.eu/mmp/online/website/content/projects/261/420/index_EN.htmlhttp://www.espon.eu/mmp/online/website/content/projects/261/420/index_EN.htmlhttp://www.espon.eu/mmp/online/website/content/projects/261/420/index_EN.htmlhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European_Spatial_Planning_Observation_Network


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^mh rkrxja~`kl `l ~mh ENA whe`kl ewhu kl avhwaeh 79( gh~uhhl 100? aln 722?* 0(

mèmhw ~mal ~mh `liwhayh u`~lhyyhy gp ~mh why~ ko ~mh Y~a~h, ^m`y e`vhy* ~k al h}~hl~* al

`lnìa~`kl ko ~mh yrwauj ~ma~ ~kkf rjaih `l ~mh ENA ^m`y `y wh`~hwa~hn gp ~mh oai~ ~ma~

Cha~m* Uìfjku aln F`jnawh ajklh h}rhw`hlihn al avhwaeh ewku~m ko 75( ay krrkyhn ~k

Nxgj`ly 11( `liwhayh, ^mh jawehy~ rkrxja~`kl w`yh uay u`~lhyyhn `l Cha~m* umìm yau

`~y rkrxja~`kl ewku gp a ~m`wn,

Jkia~`kl 100? Rkrxja~`kl 722? Rkrxja~`kl Ai~xaj Nòohwhlih ( Nòohwhlih

Nxgj`l 1*28=*7?> 1*=5*15? 17=*0177 11(

F`jnawh 19>*007 1=?*998 81*9>9 7=(

Cha~m 120*597 1?7*=91 89*200 99(

Uìfjku 127*?=9 17?*10> 79*811 10(

Y~a~h 9*?7?*2=5 >*790*=>= ?19*5?1 1>(

E,N,A Avhwaeh 79(

ENA Avhwaeh H}ij, Nxgj`l 75(

âgjh 7,1 Rkrxja~`kl Imalehy 100?722? -Ykxwih4 I,Y,K, Ihlyxy 100?+722?)

Oèxwh 7,5 @w`ym Rkrxja~`kl Aehn 72>> gp Whe`kl,

-Ykxwih4 I,Y,K, Ihlyxy* 722?)


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7,5,7 Hiklkcp

Nxh ~k ~mh rwkyrhw`~p ko ~mh la~`kly hiklkcp ~mh rwkrhw~p cawfh~ aln ikly~wxi~`kl

`lnxy~wp j`fhu`yh u`~lhyyhn hlkwckxy ai~`v`~p nxw`le ~m`y rhw`kn, @whjaln man

~walyokwchn owkc al h}rkw~#jhn hiklkcp ~k a rwkrhw~p#jhn hiklkcp nxw`le ~mh gkkc

phawy, ^mh ENA aiikxl~y okw ajcky~ majo ko la~`klaj Ewkyy _ajxh Annhn8

-mhwhao~hw*

E_A) Gh~uhhl 1001 aln 1000* E_A `l ~mh ENA `liwhayhn gp ?9,>(* ikcrawhn u`~m

85,1( `l ~mh Y~a~h ay a umkjh, -Gwanp* Ym`rcal* Caw~`l* 1000)

Aj~mkxem ~mh E_A `liwhayh uayl~ ay yèlòìal~ gh~uhhl 7222 aln 7225 a~ >8( okw

gk~m ~mh ENA aln whca`lnhw ko ~mh Y~a~h* `~ ikl~`lxhn ~k `liwhayh ay ial gh yhhl owkc

oèxwh 7,5,^mh ENA whca`lhn nkc`lal~* aiikxl~`le okw >0( ko ~mh kvhwajj E_A `l ~mh

Y~a~h, @~ `y hv`nhl~ ~ma~ ~mh ENA `y ~mh hiklkcì mhaw~ ko @whjaln aln cxim ko @whjalny

rwkyrhw`~p may kiixwwhn u`~m`l `~y gkxlnaw`hy, ^mhwhokwh rhwokwcalih ko ~mh ENA `y

hyyhl~àj ~k ~mh kvhwajj hiklkcì mhaj~m ko ~mh Y~a~h, -Nhraw~chl~ ko ~mh Hlv`wklchl~ aln

Jkiaj Ekvhwlchl~* 7227) Jaln uay ~mh rw`li`raj ikcrklhl~ whqx`whn ~k oxjo`j ~mh

8

Ewkyy _ajxh Annhn -E_A) `y ~mh yach iklihr~ ay Ewkyy La~`klaj Rwknxi~ -ENR, @~ `y a chayxwh ko ~mh vajxh koekkny aln yhwvìhy rwknxihn u`~m`l a whe`kl,

Oèxwh 7,= ,E,_,A, ko Y~a~h aln ENA

-Ykxwih4 I,Y,K, Y~a~`y~ì Na~agayh* 7212)

Oèxwh 7,0 ,E,_,A,E,N,A ay ( ko Y~a~h ^k~aj

-Ykxwih4 I,Y,K, Y~a~`y~ì

Na~agayh* 7212)
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Good_(economics_and_accounting)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Service_(economics)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Service_(economics)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Good_(economics_and_accounting)


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hiklkcì aln ykiàj lhhny ko ~mh ENA, -Gwanp* Ym`rcal* Caw~`l* 1000) A ca`l~a`lhn

ENR ewku~m avhwae`le a~ a ewku~m ko ?,8( may ghhl ~mh whyxj~ ko al ajcky~ oxjj

hcrjkpchl~ okwih, ^mh y~wkle ikly~wxi~`kl ai~`v`~p yxy~a`lhn ~mh E,N,R, ewku~m ajkle

u`~m oxw~mhw nhcalny okw jaln, @whjaln u`~lhyyhn ~mh jkuhy~ xlhcrjkpchl~ wa~h `l ~mh HX

`l 7229 a~ dxy~ kvhw 9( `l 7221,

7,5,9 Yrhixja~`kl aln Jaln Mkawn`le

A rwkrhw~p yrhixja~kw `y gayìajjp al hl~whrwhlhxw umk `lvhy~y `l jaln nxh ~k al~ì`ra~`le

a ox~xwh w`yh `l ~mh rwìh ko ~ma~ jaln, ^m`y `y a oa`w aln `y a ikcckl h}acrjh ko ykchklh

whv`hu`le ~mh cawfh~ aln ~af`le a w`yf `l wh~xwl okw ~mh krrkw~xl`~p ~k cafh cklhp,

Mkuhvhw `~ may ghhl yxeehy~hn gp calp ikcchl~a~kwy* ~ma~ ~mhyh yrhixja~kwy mavh

hlmalihn ~mh`w imalih ko caf`le rwko`~y gp jaln mkawn`le, Jaln mkawn`le `y umhwh ~mh

yrhixja~kw u`jj nhj`ghwa~hjp mkjn kl~k ~mh`w jaln iaxy`le a ymkw~aeh ko jaln ~mhwhokwh

fhhr`le rwìhy xr, ^mh K`whaim~ay Ajj#Raw~p Ikcc`~~hh kl ~mh Ikly~`~x~`kl -722>)

Oèxwh 7,12 ,E,_,A, ko Y~a~h aln ENA

-Ykxwih4 I,Y,K, Y~a~`y~ì Na~agayh* 7212)


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nhyiw`ghy ~mh y`~xa~`kl y~a~`le ~ma~ ihw~a`l jalnkulhwy man aiixcxja~hn jaweh

jalngalfy a~ ~mh kx~yf`w~y ko xwgal awhay umìm ~mhp ~mhl whjhayhn `l nw`gy aln nwagy `l

kwnhw ~k cal`rxja~h ~mh cawfh~ aln aw~òìàjjp ~k ca`l~a`l mèm jaln rwìhy,

^m`y ai~ gp ~mh yrhixja~kw ~k `l~hlyòp ox~xwh cklh~awp ea`ly `y aea`ly~ ~mh rxgjì `l~hwhy~*

nhvhjkrchl~ rjal ~`chowachy aln ko ikxwyh ~mh nhcaln ko ~mh cawfh~, ^m`y `y a whyxj~ ko

a `l~hwai~`kl gh~uhhl ~mh cawfh~ aln ~mh rjall`le ypy~hc, Aln `~ `y al kgv`kxy yèl ~ma~

~mh rjall`le ypy~hc `y lk~ oxli~`kl`le ikwwhi~jp ò `~ ajjkuy ~mhyhy yrhixja~kwy cafh mxeh

rwko`~y, ^mhwh uay kgv`kxyjp a jaif ko a chimal`yc `l~hwvhl`le `l ~mh mkawn`le aln

whjhay`le ~mh jaln ~k ~mh cawfh~ umhl lhhnhn, ^m`y `y a nhohi~ ~ma~ lhhny ~k gh annwhyyhn,

-Nxllh* 722>) Mkuhvhw ay Rwhlnhweay~ -7212) rk`l~hn kx~ ~mh umkjh rjall`le ypy~hc

may ~k ~afh `l~k aiikxl~ ~mh cawfh~* ò ~mh rjall`le ypy~hc ~w`hy ~k ukwf aea`ly~ ~mh

cawfh~ `~ `y a whi`rh okw n`yay~hw, Ijhaw hv`nhlih ko mkawn`le uay xlkg~a`lagjh

mkuhvhw* Dhwkch Iayhp* ~mh hn`~kw ko ~mhGx`jn`le @lnxy~wp Gxjjh~`l h}rwhyyhn iklihwl ay

kvhw majo ko ajj ~mh jaln `l ~mh O`leaj awha `y kulhn gp 78 `ln`v`nxajy kw ikcral`hy,

-Iayhp* 7229)

7,5,> O`laliàj Jhln`le

Ay rwkrhw~p rwìhy wkyh* ~mh ikjja~hwaj vajxh ko rwkrhw~p arrwhià~hn, ^m`y jhan ~k ~mh

rhwih`vhn w`yf ko rwkrhw~p `lvhy~chl~y oajj`le ~mhwhokwh `ly~èa~`le o`laliàj `ly~`~x~`kly

~k jhln `l rwkrhw~p whja~hn nhvhjkrchl~y, ^m`y `y a lkwcaj rwkihyy aln `y `~ `y `crkw~al~

~ma~ rwkrhw~p whja~hn jhln`le nkhy marrhl okw ~mh rwkyrhw`~p ko ~mh La~`kl, Mkuhvhw `l

@whjaln ~m`y jhln`le uay lk~ whexja~hn rwkrhwjp umìm jhan ~k lhejèhl~ kvhw#jhln`le gp

~mh galfy, -Fhjjp* 7212)


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Amhwl -7212) rk`l~hn kx~^mh o`laliàj `ly~`~x~`kly uhwh jaym`le kx~ cklhp aln man a

jaweh raw~ ~k rjap, A~ ~mh hln ko 722= 07 g`jj`kl man ghhl jhl~ `l rwkrhw~p whja~hn

nhvhjkrchl~y umìm ewhu ~k 112 g`jj`kl gp ~mh hln ko 7220, ^m`y o`lalih may ghhl jhl~

~k nhvhjkrhwy aln gx`jnhwy okw gk~m ikly~wxi~`kl ko gx`jn`ley aln rxwimayh ko

nhvhjkrchl~ jaln, ^mh hoohi~y ko ~mh galfy jhln`le kl nhvhjkrchl~ jaln uhwh

`l~hlyò`hn gp ~mh lawwkulhyy ko ~mh @w`ym cawfh~, Okw `ly~alih ò a malnoxj ko galfy

`liwhayhn jhln`le gp 72( ~mhp ikxjn nw`vh xr rwkrhw~p rwìhy gp 72 (, -Fhjjp* 7220)

,

@~ may ghhl awexhn ~ma~ ~mh ca`l iaxyh ko ~mh rwkrhw~p gkkc uay nxh ~k ~mh ava`jag`j`~p ko

imhar iwhn`~ owkc gk~m @w`ym aln @l~hwla~`klaj galfy, A~ klh y~aeh Ajj`hn @w`ym Galf*

Galf ko @whjaln aln @w`ym Jòh aln Rhwcalhl~ man gx`j~ xr 7,8 ~`chy ~mh ikxl~wpy E,N,R,

`l jkaly aln `lvhy~chl~y, -Gkklh* 7212) Gwhaf`le nkul ~mhyh jkaly aln `lvhy~chl~y

ymkuy al acat`le ?1( ko ~mhyh jkaly uhwh rwkrhw~p whja~hn, -Ihl~waj Galf* 7225)

Ckweal Fhjjp -722=) yxcy ~mh y`~xa~`kl xr yap`le ko hvhwp 122 ~ma~ @w`ym why`nhl~y

mavh nhrky`~hn `l galfy* ?2 may ghhl jhl~ okw rwkrhw~p yrhixja~`kl, ^m`y jawehOèxwh 7,11 @w`ym Galf Jhln`le-Ykxwih4 ^mh @w`ym Rwkrhw~p Gxggjh4 Iaxyhy aln Iklyhqxhlihy*

Ckweal Fhjjp* 7212)

Oèxwh 7,11 @w`ym Galf Jhln`le -Ykxwih4 ^mh Rwkrhw~p Gxggjh6 Iaxyhy aln Iklyhqxhlihy)


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`lvhy~chl~ ajjkuhn nhvhjkrhwy ikcrh~h okw jalny aea`ly~ haim k~mhw nw`v`le xr ~mh rwìh

ko jaln, -Fhjjp* 7212)

Gx~ ~m`y uay lk~ ~mh kljp oai~kw, Ay h}rja`lhn ~mh mkxy`le cawfh~ may a jaweh wkjh ~k rjap

kl nhvhjkrchl~ jaln -yhi~`kl 7,?) ~mhwhokwh mkxy`le jhln`le nkhy ajyk rjap a wkjh, @l a

y~xnp gp ^w`l`~p Ikjjheh kl ~mh `crai~ ko jhln`le ai~`v`~`hy kl mkxyh rwìhy* `~ uay

iklijxnhn ~ma~ h}ihyy`vh ckw~eaeh jhln`le man rjaphn cadkw wkjh `l hyiaja~`le mkxyh

rwìhy ghpkln ~mh`w oxlnachl~aj jhvhjy, @~ ajyk nh~hwc`lhn ~ma~ ekvhwlchl~ `l~hwvhl~`kl

ikxjn mavh mhjrhn cknhwa~h rwìh `liwhayhy gp n`yikxwae`le yrhixja~`kl, -Yxjj`val*

7212)

@l Cawim 7212* Gwàl Jhl`mal* ~mh C`l`y~hw okw O`lalih* eavh a yrhhim `l Na`j H`whall

kl ~mh ixwwhl~ galf`le y`~xa~`kl, @l ~m`y yrhhim mh whikel`yhn ~ma~ ~mh whexja~kwp ypy~hc

oa`jhn rwkokxlnjp aln ~mh galf`le ypy~hc man hleaehn l whifjhyy rwkrhw~p nhvhjkrchl~

jhln`le,

Oèxwh 7,17 Andxy~hn Allxaj Ewku~m Wa~hy okw Iwhn`~-Ykxwih4 Ihl~waj Galf aln O`laliàj Yhwvìhy Ax~mkw`~p ko

@whjaln* 7225)


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7,5,8 O`yiaj @lihl~`vhy

Aj~mkxem `~ cap gh yhly`gjh ~k rwkv`nh o`yiaj `lihl~`vhy `l ihw~a`l jkia~`kly `l

whihyy`klawp ~`chy ~mhp mavh ~mh hoohi~ ko `liwhay`le jaln vajxhy umhl ~mh hiklkcp `y

y~wkle, Ay Nxllh -7229) rk`l~hn kx~ ~a} aln k~mhw o`laliàj `lnxihchl~y `l~hlnhn ~k

yxgy`n`yh nhvhjkrhwy ~k ayy`y~ rxwimayhwy u`~m ~mh aiqx`y`~`kl ko rwkrhw~p* lijxn`le

mkxyhy* o`ln ~mh`w uap `l~k mèmhw nhvhjkrchl~ jaln vajxhy , @l 7228 al @nhikl whv`hu

ko rwkrhw~p#gayhn ~a} `lihl~`vhy* a yxwvhp uay iaww`hn kx~ ~k `lvhy~èa~h ò ~mh `lihl~`vhy

man iaxyhn a w`yh `l nhvhjkrchl~ jaln,

^mh Ekvhwlchl~y `l~hwvhl~`kl ~k ikl~wkj mkxyh rwìhy gp rwkv`n`le yxgy`n`hy ~k

nhvhjkrhwy xl`l~hl~`klajjp liwhayhn nhvhjkrchl~ jaln vajxhy, Aj~mkxem yxgy`n`hy

yhhchn ~k ukwf `l ~mhkwp aln ~mh Ekvhwlchl~y l~hl~`kly uhwh ekkn aln ~mh`w

`l~hwvhl~`kl `l ~mh cawfh~ man a lhea~`vh hoohi~, Ay Nxllh -7222) whikel`yhn ~mh xwgal

jaln cawfhn `y rwklh ~k yrhixja~`vh gxggjhy* umìm ial gh mxehjp `lojxhlihn gp

âgjh 7,19 Aoohi~ ko a} @lihl~`vhy kl Nhvhjkrchl~ Jaln

-@lnhikl Iklo`nhl~àj Yxwvhpy ko O`laliàj @ly~`~x~`kly l @whjaln + Nhraw~chl~ ko O`lalih)


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ekvhwlchl~ rkj`ip, ^m`y kx~ikch ko Y~a~h `l~hwvhl~`kl cxy~ gh fhr~ `l c`ln umhl

ikly`nhw`le ~mh Fhllp Whrkw~y Yimhchy,

7,= Iklijxy`kl

^m`y yhi~`kl mhjrhn ea`l a flkujhneh ko ~mh gay`iy ko jaln aln `~y n`y~`li~`vh yxrrjp aln

nhcaln oai~kwy, mh imar~hw h}rkyhn ~mh ca`l cawfh~ lojxhlihy kl nhvhjkrchl~ jaln

aln ajyk xlikvhwhn ~mh jhyy kgv`kxy oai~kwy ~ma~ ikl~w`gx~hn ~k ~mh `liwhayh ko

nhvhjkrchl~ jaln,


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7,0 Nhvhjkrchl~ Jaln aln ~mh Rjall`le Ypy~hc

^mh rwhv`kxy yhi~`kl whv`huhn nhvhjkrchl~ jaln vajxhy aln ~mh vaw`kxy `yyxhy

`lojxhli`le ~mh `liwhayh, ^m`y yhi~`kl u`jj ikl~`lxh ~k h}rkyh ~mh `lojxhlihy kl

nhvhjkrchl~ jaln vajxhy, Mkuhvhw* ~m`y ~`ch okixy`le kl ~mkyh kwè`la~`le owkc ~mh

rjall`le ypy~hc,

^mh ~mwhh ca`l `lojxhlihy ~ma~ u`jj gh n`yixyyhn awh6

Ava`jag`j`~p* kw jaif ko* lhihyyawp `loway~wxi~xwh aln yhwvìhy Xlnhwyxrrjp kw kvhwyxrrjp ko yx`~agjp tklhn aln yhwvìhn jalny ^mh ~`chowach `l umìm rjall`le rhwc`yy`kl ial gh kg~a`lhn, -@,A,_,@,* 7229)

Ay uhjj ay ~mh`w aoohi~y kl jaln vajxhy ~mh gh~~hwchl~ `yyxhy aw`y`le owkc haim klh u`jj

ajyk gh n`yixyyhn, Aiikwn`le ~k Wa~ijòo -7220) ~mh ~hwc gh~~hwchl~ whohwy ~k ~mh ea`l kw

eò~ aiiwx`le ~k al `ln`v`nxaj owkc ~mh ai~`kly ~af`le rjaih ykchumhwh hjyh, @l ~mh iayh

ko nhvhjkrchl~ jaln vajxhy `~ `y ~mh ea`l u`~lhyyhn gp ~mh jalnkulhw nxh ~k ~mh nhi`y`kly

ko ~mh Jkiaj Ax~mkw`~`hy* mhwhao~hw whohwwhn ~k ay J,A,

7,12 @l~wknxi~`kl ~k @w`ym Rjall`le Ypy~hc

L`lh phawy rw`kw ~mh rxgjìa~`kl ko ~mh Fhllp Whrkw~ ~mh Jkiaj Ekvhwlchl~ Rjall`le

aln Nhvhjkrchl~ Ai~* 10?9* uay `crjhchl~hn, ^m`y uay @whjalny o`wy~ rjall`le ypy~hc*

aln uay mhav`jp gayhn kl ~mh Hlej`ym ypy~hc a~ ~mh ~`ch, Ay Ew`y~ -10=9) h}rja`ly ~mh

`l`~àj rjall`le jhe`yja~`kl uay `l~wknxihn ~k `nhl~òp aln yxwckxl~ ~mh kgy~aijhy umìm

h}`y~ `l ~mh ~walyja~`kl ko hiklkcì aln ykiàj kgdhi~`vhy `l~k gx`jn`ley* ikly~wxi~`kl

ukwf aln k~mhw ~prhy ko nhvhjkrchl~,


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Ghokwh ~mh `l~wknxi~`kl ko ~mh rjall`le ypy~hc nhvhjkrchl~ jaln vajxhy `l @whjaln uhwh

lk~ yèlòìal~jp agkvh aewìxj~xwaj vajxh, Aj~mkxem ~m`y imalehn nxw`le ~mh hiklkcì

rwkyrhw`~p ko ~mh ja~h 10?2y umhl nhvhjkrchl~ jaln gheal ~k u`~lhyy al `liwhayh,?

Mkuhvhw* ~m`y uay lk~ alpumhwh ay nwaca~ì ay `l whihl~ phawy nxh ~k ~mh agyhlih ko

tkl`le, ^mxy~mh iklyhqxhlihy okw ~mh vajxh ko nhvhjkrchl~ jaln ko `l~wknxi`le ~mh

rjall`le ypy~hc* aln raw~ìxjawjp nhvhjkrchl~ rjaly umìm ajjkuhn jaln tkl`le* uhwh

lk~ rwkrhwjp annwhyyhn `l ~mh 10?9 Ai~, -Nxllh* 7229), Uma~ ~mh 10?9 Rjall`le Ai~

man nklh uay whckvh ~mh wèm~ ~k nhvhjkr owkc jaln kulhwy, -Nxllh* 7229)

^mh 10?9 Rjall`le Ai~* whca`lhn `l rjaih xl~`j xrna~hn ~mwkxem `crjhchl~a~`kl ko ~mh

Rjall`le aln Nhvhjkrchl~ Ai~* 7222, ^mh ekvhwlchl~ ghj`hvhn a lhu ai~ uay whqx`whn

nxh ~k ~mh la~`kly hiklkcì ewku~m aln ~mh rxgjìy iklihwl okw gk~m a rjall`le arrhajy

ypy~hc aln iajjy okw hlv`wklchl~aj ikl~wkj,

^mh ikwh rw`li`rajy ko ~mh lhu jhe`yja~`kl uhwh ~k hlyxwh ~mh rjall`le ypy~hc ukxjn6

Gh y~wa~heì `l arrwkaim Hlyxwh yxy~a`lagjh nhvhjkrchl~ Ajuapy nhj`vhw a mèm qxaj`~p rhwokwcalih

-NkHMJE* 7222)

?Whohw ~k yhi~`kl 9,7
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7,11 Nhvhjkrchl~ Rjaly

^mh 7222 Rjall`le Ai~ nho`lhy ~mh nhvhjkrchl~ rjal4A nhvhjkrchl~ rjal ymajj yh~ kx~ al kvhwajj y~wa~hep okw ~mh rwkrhw rjall`le aln

yxy~a`lagjh nhvhjkrchl~ ko ~mh awha aln ymajj ikly`y~ ko a uw`~~hl y~a~hchl~ aln rjal kw

rjaly `lnìa~`le ~mh nhvhjkrchl~kgdhi~`vhyokw ~mh awha `l qxhy~`kl-NkHMJE* 7222)

^mh nhvhjkrchl~ rjaly mavh ghhl kgjèa~kwp y`lih ~mh hlai~chl~ ko ~mh 10?9 Rjall`le

Ai~, Haim ko ~mh hèm~p hèm~ Jkiaj Ax~mkw`~`hy awh whqx`whn ~k okwc a nhvhjkrchl~ rjal

okw ~mh`w dxw`ynì~`kl, ^mh jkiaj ax~mkw`~p ikly`y~y ko nhckiwa~ìajjp hjhi~hn

whrwhyhl~a~`vhy aln ~mhp iwha~h ~mh nhvhjkrchl~ rjal okw ~mh lh}~ y`} phaw rhw`kn, Gp ~mh

iwha~`kl ko a nhvhjkrchl~ rjal ~mh J,A, n`y~`lex`ym umìm jalny ial aln iallk~ gh

nhvhjkrhn kl, ^mxy* `~ iklihl~wa~hy ~mh nhcaln ~k ~mh jaln `~ may nhyèla~hn okw

nhvhjkrchl~, ^mh hoohi~ ko ~m`y `y `liwhay`le ~mh lhujp tklhn jalny aln nhvajx`le ~mkyh

xl#tklhn jalny ~k aewìxj~xwaj vajxh, ^mh nhvhjkrchl~ rjaly awh nhi`y`vh ~k umh~mhw jaln

`y nhvhjkrhn kw lk~* ghiaxyh ko ~m`y ~mh hjhi~hn chcghwy mavh ikch xlnhw rwhyyxwh owkc

jalnkulhwy `l ~mh ray~, Okw ~m`y whaykl ~mh nhvhjkrchl~ rjal may ghhl arrwkrwà~hjp

nhyiwghn ay jalnkulhwy ex`nh ~k yrhixja~`kl, -Nxllh* 7229)

@~ `y qxhy~`klagjh ~ma~ ~m`y `liwhayh `l vajxh kw u`lnoajj rwko`~ whih`vhn gp ~mh vhlnkw

ko jalny `y xl#oa`w, Mkuhvhw `~ `y a oxlnachl~aj oai~ ~ma~ ~mh rjall`le ypy~hc `y raw~àjjp

gayhn kl ~m`y `liwhayh, ^mh hjhi~hn chcghwy ~mwkxem ~mh nhvhjkrchl~ rjal cafh al

ayyxcr~`kl ~ma~ nxh ~k ~mh tklhn jalny xrjò~ `l vajxh ~mhp u`jj ikch ~k ~mh cawfh~, ^m`y

chaly ~mh rwko`~y awh ai~`le ay al `lihl~`vh okw jalnkulhwy ~k whjhayh jaln ~k ~mh cawfh~,

Okw ~m`y whaykl whnxi`le kw whckv`le ~mhyh u`lnoajj rwko`~y ikxjn gh iw`~ìaj ~k ~mh

rjall`le ypy~hc aln ~mh rwkrhw~p cawfh~, -Nxllh* 7229)
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^m`y v`hu uay yxrrkw~hn gp Gwàl Mxemhy -7212) ay mh y~a~hn ò jalnkulhwy awh

n`yikxwaehn owkc gw`le`le jaln kl~k ~mh cawfh~ ~mhl ~mh cawfh~ u`jj ikjjaryh xl~`j yxim

~`ch ay a mhavp ~a}a~`kl yali~`kl kw uma~hvhw hjyh `y whckvhn,

^mh nhvhjkrchl~ rjal* ~mwkxem `~y why~wì~`kly whckvhy ~mh wèm~ ko ~mh jaln kulhw ~k

nhvhjkr m`y rwkrhw~p `l a ihw~a`l callhw, Mhlih* ~mh nhvhjkrchl~ rjal `y al h}acrjh ko

why~wì~`kly kl rwkrhw~p wèm~y5

hlokwihn gp ~mh y~a~h okw ~mh ikcckl ekkn ko ~mh rxgjì,

^k yxccaw`yh ~mh nhvhjkrchl~ rjal a`cy ~k rwkck~h yxy~a`lagjh nhvhjkrchl~* um`jy~

rwk~hi~`le ~mh ikcckl `l~hwhy~ ph~ ajyk rwhvhl~y u`lnoajj ea`l ~k yhjhi~ jalnkulhwy,

-^mwhymkjn* 7229)

7,17 Tkl`le ~mh jaln

Tkl`le `y a ypy~hc xyhn ~mwkxem ~mh nhvhjkrchl~ rjaly ~k yhewhea~h rawihjy ko jaln aln

aoo`} a raw~ìxjaw xyh ~k haim r`hih ko yhewhea~hn jaln, ^m`y ajjkuy rjallhwy aln hjhi~hn

chcghwy ~k yhrawa~h `likcra~`gjh ~prhy ko nhvhjkrchl~, Okw `ly~alih gp tkl`le ~mh

jalny xyhy ~mh J,A, ial yhrawa~h mkxy`le hy~a~hy owkc `lnxy~wàj hy~a~hy, Tkl`le `y

`crkw~al~ ~k aim`hvh ekvhwlchl~ kgdhi~`vhy `l whja~`kl ~k xwgal okwc* ikl~wkjj`le

gx`jn`le nhly`~`hy aln rwhvhl~`kl ko ~mh xwgal yrwauj ko Nxgj`l `l~k ~mh yxwwkxln`le

awhay, -@,A,_,@ * 7229) C`lkw imalehy `l ~mh tkl`le ko al awha ial jhan ~k mxeh imalehy

`l jaln vajxhy, Nhly`~`hy awh a why~wì~`kl kl ~mh ackxl~ ko xl`~y rhwc`~~hn kl a y`~h, Ay a

whyxj~ ~mh ckwh jhl`hl~ ~mh nhly`~p ikl~wkjy* ~mh ckwh rwko`~ ~k gh canh owkc ~mh jaln

umìm `lhv`~ag`j`~p `loja~hy ~mh rwìh, -Lhuhjj* 105>)

5 Whohw ~k yhi~`kl 9,>,1 aln Arrhln`} I


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Tkl`le ajyk aw~òìàjjp whnxihy ~mh owhh cawfh~ ay `~ j`c`~y ~mh yxrrjp ko jaln ava`jagjh

okw nhvhjkrchl~, ^mhwhokwh tkl`le ial mavh a mxeh aoohi~ kl nhvhjkrchl~ jaln rwìhy, @o

~mh J,A, nkhy lk~ tklh al anhqxa~h ackxl~ ko jaln ~m`y u`jj ax~kca~ìajjp `liwhayh ~mh

vajxh ko ~mh ajwhanp tklhn jaln, Lk~ kljp ~m`y* gx~ ay nhyiw`ghn hawj`hw ~mhyhy jalny awh

ayyxchn ~k owhh xr aln ikch ~k ~mh cawfh~* ~mhwhokwh al xlrwhnì~agjh ymkw~aeh u`jj ajyk

nw`vh xr nhvhjkrchl~ jaln rwìhy* h,e, jalnkulhwy rhwyklaj nhi`y`kly, Kl ~mh k~mhw y`nh

~mh J,A, ial ajyk a~~hcr~ ~k y~ag`j`yh rwìhy gp tkl`le hlkxem jaln ~k chh~ ~mh nhcaln,

^mh yxooì`hl~ ackxl~ ko jaln ~k gh tklhn `y nhi`nhn kl a ca~~hw ko dxnehchl~ gp ~mh

hjhi~hn chcghwy aln dxnehchl~y agkx~ ~m`y awh mawn ~k cafh aln awh `lojxhlihn gp

rkj`~ìaj aln o`laliàj ikly`nhwa~`kly, -Nxllh* 7212) ^mhwhokwh ~mh lhooì`hlip ko ~mh

J,A, ~k canh ~mhyhy dxnehchl~y kvhw ~mh ray~ nhianh may ikch xlnhw qxhy~`kl `l whja~`kl

~k nhvhjkrchl~ jaln w`yhy, -Nxl Jakema`whWa~mnkul Ik, Ik,* 7229)

@ mavh a ij`hl~ ~ma~ man jaln vajxhn 82*222 rhw aiwh* mh ek~ ~mh jaln whtklhn aln ykjn

a~ >*222*222 al aiwh* mh man >2 aiwhy ~mhwhokwh yhjj`le a~ 1?2*222*222 umhwhay ~mh

jaln uay kljp ukw~m 7*222*222 ghokwh `~ uay whtklhn -Lkujal* 7212)

^mh agkvh qxk~h `y `l whja~`kl ~k ~mh ea`ly whih`vhn gp a jalnkulhw nxh ~k tkl`le, Umhl

~mh jaln `y whtklhn a ~waly`~`kl ko xyh ~afhy rjaih, Umhwh ~m`y `y owkc aewìxj~xwaj ~k

why`nhl~àj ~mh vajxh ko ~mh jaln ay uay ~mh iayh agkvh ~mh vajxh ko jaln ial `liwhayh xr

~k hèm~p ~`chy `~y kwè`laj vajxh, Ykch ikcchl~a~kwy ohhj ~mh ea`l `y oa`w `l whyrhi~ ko

~mh w`yf yrhixja~kwy ~afh um`jh k~mhwy n`yaewhh ~k~ajjp nhhc`le `~ xloa`w, Ay ~mh `liwhayh

`l vajxh `y lk~ nxh ~k ~mh ai~`kly ko ~mh jalnkulhw `~ `y ohj~ ~mhp ymkxjn lk~ whar ~mh

ikcrjh~h liwhayh, Cìmahj Ojallhwp -10=2) whikel`yhn ~m`y y~a~`le ^mh ~waly`~`kl owkc

h}`y~`le xyh may ghhl whaj`yhn gp jalnkulhwy aln nhvhjkrhwy ~mwkxem ~mh oai`j`~p ko gh`le

agjh ~k ava`j ko rxgjì yhwvìhy, @y ~m`y hqx`~agjh;


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@~ may ghhl awexhn ~ma~ ~m`y `liwhayh `l ~mh vajxh ko jaln iwha~hn gp tkl`le okw

nhvhjkrchl~ ymkxjn aiiwxh ~k ~mh J,A, Xl~`j ~mh whihl~ `l~wknxi~`kl ko ~mh =2( u`lnoajj

~a} `l @whjaln ~mhwh uay lk ch~mkn ko nk`le ~m`y, Ay ~m`y ~a} `y whja~`vhjp lhu `~y yxiihyy

y~`jj may ~k gh rwkvhl ~mhwhokwh `~ ikxjn lk~ gh nh~hwc`lhn ay a nho`l`~h ykjx~`kl, ^mh

whikxrhn o`lalihy ymkxjn gh ~mhl wh~xwlhn ~k ~mh ikccxl`~p `l kwnhw ~k o`lalih ajj

ikccxl`~p oai`j`~`hy, -Lkujal* 7229) ^m`y chaly lk~ kljp o`lali`le ~mh yhwv`i`le ko ~mh

jaln gx~ ajyk ~mh yxwwkxln`le `loway~wxi~xwhy, A cknhj ko ~mh cklh~awp whn`y~w`gx~`kl ko

~mh whikxrhn ea`ly ial gh yhhl `l ~mh o`exwh 7,12,


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7,19 Rjall`le Rhwc`yy`kl

@l whja~`kl ~k nhvhjkrchl~ jaln vajxhy rjall`le rhwc`yy kl `y r`vk~aj, U`~mkx~ rjall`le

rhwc`yy`kl nhvhjkrchl~ iallk~ ikcchlih kl ~mh jalny, mhwhokwh ewal~`le ko rjall`le

rhwc`yy`kl yèlò`hy ~mh ~waly`~`kl ko xyh aln ~mh `liwhayh `l vajxh, Yrhixja~kwy u`jj gxp

jalny u`~m ~mh mkrh ~mhp u`jj whih`vh rjall`le `l ~mh ox~xwh, ^mhyh jalny awh y~wa~heìajjp

jkia~hn lhaw xwgal awhay aln mavh al annhn mkrh vajxh rwì`le ~mhc agkvh aewìxj~xwaj

jalny, Chaemhw -7212) h}rja`ly ~mhyh jalny a u`~m`l a ewhp awha gh~uhhl aewìxj~xwaj

aln nhvhjkrchl~ vajxh,

Oèxwh 7, 1> Cknhj Ikccxl`~p Nhvhjkrchl~ Oxln -Lkujal* 7229)


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Umhl ~mh jalnkulhw kw nhvhjkrhw arrj`hy okw rjall`le rhwc`yy`kl ~mhp awh arrjp`le okw

~mh nhvhjkrchl~ wèm~y okw ~mh`w jalny, ^mhyh wèm~y awh nhl`hn ~k ykch jalnkulhwy aln

awh ay a whyxj~ `y caelò`hn `l `crkw~alih, ^mxy ~mh hiklkcì vajxh ~ma~ ojkuy owkc ~mh

nhlàj ko rjall`le rhwc`yy`kl `y e`vhl gp uap ko a eò~ ~k k~mhwy, Umhl ~mh rjall`le

rhwc`yy`kl `y ewal~hn al `liwhayh kiixwy ~ma~ `y lk~ `lmhwhl~ `l ~mh jaln, ^m`y `y ajyk

gh~~hwchl~ aln ~mhwh mavh ghhl calp a~~hcr~y ~k whikxr ~m`y rjall`le ea`l, ^mh

ykjx~`kl `y ~k fhhr ~mh nhvhjkrchl~ wèm~y u`~m`l ~mh rkuhwy ko ~mh J,A, -Nxllh* 7229)

7,1> Yhwvì`le ~mh jaln

@l yxrrjp`le nhvhjkrchl~ jaln ~mh rwkv`y`kl ko yhwvìhy ~k jalny gp ~mh J,A, `y v`~aj,

Hvhwp r`hih ko jaln may ~k gh yhwvìhn ~k aiikcckna~h nhvhjkrchl~, ^mh ~prìaj

yhwvìhy rwkv`nhn gp ~mh J,A, ~k a ox~xwh nhvhjkrchl~ y`~h awh ua~hw ca`ly* yhuaeh

r`r`le* HYG* eay j`lhy* okk~ra~my* y~whh~ jèm~`le aln wkany, -Yhh oèxwh 7,?), @o hlkxem

jaln `y lk~ yhwvìhn gp ~mh J,A, ~k chh~ nhcalny ~m`y u`jj nw`vh xr nhvhjkrchl~ jaln

Oèxwh 7, 18 Hoohi~ ko Rjall`le Rhwc`yy`kl kl Jaln _ajxhy

-Rwhc`hw Jaln Y~wa~he`hy* 7212* m~~r4++uuu,rwhc`hwjaln,ikc+ump`lvhy~,m~c)


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rwìhy, ^m`y uay ~mh iayh u`~m`l ~mh ENA nxw`le ~mh gkkc phawy ay ~mhwh uay `lag`j`~p

ko ~mh nhvhjkrchl~ `lnxy~wp `l a ~k~aj`~p ~k rwkv`nh ~mh yhwvìhn y`~hy, -Lkujal* 7212)

^mh whyxj~ ko ~m`y may ghhl nxh ~k ~mh `lhooì`hlip ko ~mh J,A, aln a jaif o`lalihy

ava`jagjh ~k ~mhc ~k rwkv`nh anhqxa~h `loway~wxi~xwh,

Ay h}rja`lhn hvhwp r`hih ko jaln `y mh~hwkehlhkxy ~mhwhokwh `~ `y `crkyy`gjh ~k nh~hwc`lh

yh~ oèxwhy ko ~mh iky~y `lvkjvhn `l rwkv`n`le ~mhyh yhwvìhy, ^mh iky~ ko yhwvì`le ~mh

jaln ial kljp gh nh~hwc`lhn a~ ~mh hln ko ~mh yhwvì`le ay xlokwhyhhl h}rhln`~xwhy cap

aw`yh,

^wan`~`klajjp ~mh o`lalih okw ~mh rwkv`y`kl ko ~mhyh yhwvìhy nhw`vhy owkc ~mh ~a}rap`le

rxgjì aln a ikl~w`gx~`kl owkc ~mh nhvhjkrhw ~mwkxem a nhvhjkrchl~ jhvp, ^m`y jhvp uay

o`wy~ whikcchlnhn `l ~mh Fhllp Whrkw~ -yhh whikcchlna~`kl E* r,>?) aln ~mhl

`crjhchl~hn `l ~mh 10?9 Rjall`le Ai~, @l 7222 ~mhyh jhv`hy uhwh wh#hy~agj`ymhn xlnhw

Oèxwh 7,1? Nhvhjkrchl~ Y`~h Yhwvìhy -Ck~~ CaiNklajn @whjaln J`c`~hn* 7212)1


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Yhi~`kl >= aln Yhi~`kl >0 u`~m ~mh `l~wknxi~`kl ko nhvhjkrchl~ ikl~w`gx~`kl yimhchy=,

^mhyh yimhchy ajjkuhn ~mh J,A, whikxr ~mh iky~ ko rwkv`y`kl ko ~mh yhwvìhy,

^mhyh yimhchy hy~`ca~h ~mh iky~y ko rwkv`n`le ~mh r`r`le* wkany aln y`c`jaw whqx`whchl~y

~k oai`j`~a~h ~mh e`vhl jkiaj`~p, ^mh hy~`ca~hn iky~y awh ~mhl jhv`hn kl haim xl`~ u`~m`l ~mh

nhvhjkrchl~, -Lkujal* 7229) Mkuhvhw* Nxllh -7229) y~a~hy ~m`y ch~mkn `y ojauhn `l

iklihr~ aln kljp ekhy raw~ ko ~mh uap ~k whikxr`le ~mh vajxh iwha~hn gp `loway~wxi~xwaj

nhvhjkrchl~,

Calp mavh iajjhn okw a ypy~hc umhwh nhvhjkrhwy aln yrhixja~kwy awh lk~ rwko`~`le owkc

~mh nhvhjkrchl~ ko y~a~h oxlnhn `loway~wxi~xwh rwkv`nhn gp ~mh J,A, Ay Rwhlnhweay~

-7212) y~a~hy `~ `y ~mh rjall`le ax~mkw`~`hy ial whikxr ~mh iky~* gx~ kljp ~mh iky~* ~mh

ax~mkw`~`hy iallk~ whikxr ~mh ann`~`klaj vajxh ~ma~ aiiwxhy ~k ~mh jaln nxh ~k

nhvhjkrchl~ jhn `loway~wxi~xwh,

7,18 Iklijxy`kl

^m`y raw~ ko ~mh imar~hw h}rja`lhn ~mh gaifewkxln ~k ~mh rjall`le ypy~hc aln ~mh

`lojxhlihy `~ may kl nhvhjkrchl~ jaln vajxhy, @~ uay nh~hwc`lhn ~ma~ ~mh hoohi~y

yxgy~al~àjjp `liwhayhn nhvhjkrchl~ jaln vajxhy, ^m`y iwha~hn mxeh rwko`~y okw ~mh

jalnkulhwy umìm `y awexhn xloa`w* ph~ `y oxlnachl~aj okw a yxrrjp ko jaln ikc`le ~k ~mh

cawfh~,

=Whohw ~k arrhln`} G okw oxjj nh~a`jy kl nhvhjkrchl~ ikl~w`gx~`kl yimhchy,


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Ikxjn ~mh W`yh ko Nhvhjkrchl~ Jaln _ajxhy l ~mh Ewha~hw Nxgj`l Awha Mavh Ghhl Rwhvhl~hn; ^mh Fhllp Whrkw~

Nav`n Iayy`np GYi, -Mkly) Rwkrhw~p Y~xn`hy 7220+12 z 90

Imar~hw 9

^mh Fhllp Whrkw~*105>


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Nav`n Iayy`np GYi, -Mkly) Rwkrhw~p Y~xn`hy 7220+12 z >2

9,1 @l~wknxi~`kl

^mh iklihr~ ko ikl~wkjj`le nhvhjkrchl~ jaln vajxhy aln whikxr`le gh~~hwchl~

whqx`why aykrm`y~ìa~hn aln okkjrwkko yimhch Rwhlnhweay~ -7212), @l ~m`y imar~hw ~mh

ax~mkw u`jj whv`hu ~mh Fhllp Whrkw~y kwè`ly aln xy`le ~mh kwè`laj nkixchl~ u`jj e`vh

a y~whacj`lhn whrwknxi~`kl ko `~y whikcchlna~`kly, O`lajjp ~mh ax~mkw u`jj whv`hu

j`~hwa~xwh kl ~mh @w`ym Ikly~`~x~`kl* ikcrxjykwp rxwimayh jhe`yja~`kl aln y`c`jaw rwìh

ikl~wkj aln gh~~hwchl~ whikxrchl~ h}rhw`hlihy agwkan,

9,7 Gaifewkxln ~k ~mh Fhllp Whrkw~

@l @whjaln ~mh w`yh `l nhvhjkrchl~ jaln vajxhy aln jaweh rwko`~y nxh ~k jaln whtkl`le uay

o`wy~ lk~hn ymkw~jp ao~hw ~mh rjall`le ypy~hcy yh~xr `l ~mh 10?2y, ^mh Ekvhwlchl~

whikel`yhn ~mh yèlòìal~ `liwhayh `l vajxhy ko jaln yxwwkxln`le xwgal awhay, ^mhp

whaj`yhn ~mh `liwhayh uay ca`ljp nxh ~k ~mh J,A, rwkv`n`le yhwvìhy ~mhwhokwh nhhc`le

jalny yx`~agjh okw nhvhjkrchl~,Cxim ko ~mh `liwhayh l vajxh ~ma~ ikchy owkc tkl`le

`y a~~w`gx~agjh ~k `crwkvhchl~y kw ~mh rwkyrhi~ ko `crwkvhchl~y* yap yhwvìhy kw

`loway~wxi~xwh* yk ~mhwh may ~k gh oa`wlhyy mhwh yk yki`h~p ial ghlho`~ -Mxemhy* 7212)

@l 1051 ~k hjxi`na~h ~mh iaxyhy aln `lvhy~èa~h rkyy`gjh ykjx~`kly ~mh Ekvhwlchl~

yrklykwhn ~mh C`l`y~hw okw Jkiaj Ekvhwlchl~ a~ ~mh ~`ch* Gkggp Ckjjkp ~k iwha~h ~mh

Fhllp Whrkw~, Gkggp Ckjjkp ayyhcgjhn a ikcc`~~hh ikly`y~`le ko y`} chcghwy ~k

ayy`y~ m`c,


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^mh whrkw~ gheal gp `lokwc`le ~mh rxgjì ~ma~ gh~uhhl 10?9 aln 1051 jaln rwìhy `l

Nxgj`l man w`yhl gp 892(, @l klh iayh ~mh vajxh ko a ycajj lxcghw ko aiwhy uhl~ xr gp

022( kvhwlèm~ nxh ~k `~ gh`le whtklhn gp ~mh J,A, Kl ~mh gaifnwkr ko ~mhyh `liwhayhy

aln rwko`~y ~mh ikcc`~~hh uay ayfhn ~k cafh yxeehy~`kly kl rkyy`gjh chayxwhy ~k

ikl~wkj ~mh rwìh ko jaln aln whikxr ykch ko ~mh `liwhayh `l vajxh `,h, ~mh gh~~hwchl~

hjhchl~ ~ma~ awkyh owkc yhwvìhy,

Ao~hw cxim ikly`nhwa~`kl ~mh ikcc`~~hh ikcr`jhn ~uhjvh rkyy`gjh ykjx~`kly, Ao~hw

oxw~mhw yiwx~`l`y`le ~mhyh yxeehy~`kly ~mh ikcc`~~hh ikxjn lk~ aewhh kl klh nho`l`~`vh

whikcchlna~`kl, ^mh ikcc`~~hhy kr`l`kly uhwh yrj`~ okxw ~k ~uk, ^mh cadkw`~p ko ~mh

ikcc`~~hh aewhh`le kl ~mh nhyèla~hn awha yimhch1um`jh ~mh c`lkw`~p ual~hn ~mh

rwh#hcr~`kl yimhch7, ^mh o`laj whrkw~ ikl~a`l`le ~mh ~uhjvh whikcchlna~`kly

yrallhn kvhw 108 raehy aln uay rxgj`ymhn `l Dalxawp 105> ghaw`le ~mh lach ko ~mh

ima`wcal* Cw, Dxy~ìh Dkml Fhllp, -Uajym* 1000)

1 ^mh nhyèla~hn awha yimhch `y ~mh ca`l whikcchlna~`kl ko ~mh Fhllp Whrkw~* `l umìm ~mh cadkw`~p ko ~mhikcc`~~hh yxeehy~hn ~mh jaln j`fhjp okw ox~xwh nhvhjkrchl~ ymkxjn gh ikcrxjykw`jp rxwimayhn gp ~mh J,A,* yhwvìhn~mhl ykjn kl~k a nhvhjkrhw, Yhh yhi~`kl 9,9,97 ^mh rwh#hcr~`kl yimhch yxeehy~y ò ~mh kulhwy u`ym ~k yhjj+jhayh ~mh jaln u`~m`l a yrhiàjjp tklhn awha ~mhp cxy~o`wy~ koohw `~ ~k ~mh J,A, a~ ~mh oxjj cawfh~ vajxh ~mhwhokwh J,A, u`jj ajuapy mavh a yxrrjp ko jaln ~k whjhayh ~k ~mhcawfh~ ~mxy y~ag`j`y`le jaln rwìhy, Yhh yhi~`kl 9,9,7

@caeh 9,1 Cw, Dxy~ìh Dkml Fhllp -jho~)* ima`wcal ko ~mh ikcc`~~hh u`~mCw, Gkggp Ckjjkp* C`l`y~hw okw Jkiaj Ekvhwlchl~

-@w`ym ^`chy Awim`vh6 79~m Dalxawp 1059)


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Hèm~ phawy ao~hw ~mh whrkw~ uay rxgj`ymhn ~mh Jkiaj Ekvhwlchl~ -Gx`jn`le Jaln) G`jj*

10=7 uay `l~wknxihn gp Nhrx~p Wxa`w` Qx`ll, ^mh rxwrkyh ko ~mh G`jj uay ~k rwkv`nh

okw ~mh gh~~hw ikl~wkj ko ~mh yxrrjp aln rwìh ko gx`jn`le jaln, -Ew`y~* 10=9) ^mh g`jj

rwkrkyhn a cknò`hn vhwy`kl ko ~mh nhyèla~hn awha ypy~hc whikcchlnhn `l ^mh Fhllp

Whrkw~, @l al aw~ìjh `l ~mh@w`ym `chy kl ~mh 1?~m ko Cap 10=2 Cw, Ci Ijxyfhp* ~mh

Jagkxw Raw~p jhanhw a~ ~mh ~`ch* y~a~hn ~mh ai~ whojhi~hn oai`lexr ~k whaj`~p ~ma~ ~mh

ikxl~wp iallk~ ikl~`lxh ~k rap ~mh aw~òìàjjp `loja~hn rwìhy okw nhvhjkrchl~ jaln aln

~mh ikcckl ekkn whqx`why uh* j`fh k~mhw ikxl~w`hy* ~afh y~hry ~k ikl~wkj jaln rwìhy,

-Uajym* 10=2)^mh g`jj uay lk~ rayyhn ao~hw calp napy ko n`yixyy`kl `l Yhalan `whall,

@~ uay lh`~mhw whdhi~hn lkw `crjhchl~hn gp ~mh rawjàchl~, Ew`y~ -1000) y~a~hn ~ma~ ~mh

whrkw~ uay ~kk wanìaj okw rkrxjaw aiihr~alih nhianhy aek* mkuhvhw `~ `y uhjj ukw~m

jkkf`le aea`l a~ `~y ca`l rwkrkyajy,

@caeh 9,7 Fhllp Whrkw~ Yxgc`yy`kl Anvhw~*-Ykxwih4 @w`ym ^`chy Awim`vh6 Cawim 1y~ 105>)


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O

`exwh9,1

FhllpWhrkw~alnWhja~hn

^kr`iy^`chj`lh


57/169


Nav`n Iayy`np GYi, -Mkly) Rwkrhw~p Y~xn`hy 7220+12 z >>

9,9 ^mh Yxrrjhchl~awp Whikcchlna~`kly

Yh~ kx~ ghjku `y ~mh ax~mkwy alajpy`y ko ~mh ~hl yxgy`nàwp whikcchlna~`kly, Ko ~mh

whikcchlna~`kly ~uk mavh ghhl `crjhchl~hn `l 1058 aln 7222* u`~m ~mh whca`l`le

yxeehy~`kly n`yiawnhn kw cknò`hn gp ~mh ikcc`~~hh, Ajj ~mh whikcchlna~`kly mavh

ghhl ~afhl owkc ~mh Fhllp Whrkw~ aln mavh ghhl y`crjò`hn ~k nh~hwc`lh h}ai~

chal`le aln kx~ikch,

A, A yimhch gp umìm ~mh rwìh ko ajj gx`jn`le jaln ukxjn gh ikl~wkjjhn^mh ikcc`~~hh uhwh xlagjh ~k o`ln al hooì`hl~ ypy~hc ~ma~ ikxjn ikl~wkj ~mh rwìh ko

jaln, Ay nhyiw`ghn `l yhi~`kl 7,9 haim r`hih ko jaln `y mh~hwkehlhkxy, ^mxy ~mh kljp

ch~mkn vaexhjp rkyy`gjh ukxjn gh ~k ayyèl a cawfh~ vajxh ~k haim rawihj ko jaln, ^m`y

ukxjn gh h}rhly`vh* ixcghwykch aln yjku,

G, La~`klaj`ya~`kl ko ajj nhvhjkrchl~ jaln aln rapchl~ ko ikcrhlya~`kl

^mh ikcc`~~hh h}rwhyyhn iklihwl u`~m ~mh nho`l`le ko nhvhjkrchl~ jaln, A ~w`gxlaj

ukxjn mavh ~k gh yh~ xr ~k nh~hwc`lh umìm jalny awh nhvhjkrchl~ jaln aln ~mh

ikcrhlya~`kl rwìh ko ~ma~ jaln, @o ajj ~mh nhvhjkrchl~ jaln uay la~`klaj`yhn ~mh

ikcrhlya~`kl ackxl~ ukxjn gh hlkwckxy, Lh`~mhw ~mh Y~a~h lkw ~mh J,A,y ikxjn nha j

u`~m ~mh o`laliàj kw anc`l`y~wa~`vh gxwnhl `lvkjvhn,

I, La~`klaj`ya~`kl ko ~mh nhvhjkrchl~ wèm~y `l ajj gx`jn`le jaln aln rapchl~ koikcrhlya~`kl okw ~mhyh

@ly~han ko la~`klaj`y`le ~mh jaln ~mh ikcc`~~hh ikly`nhwhn la~`klaj`y`le ~mh wèm~ ~k

nhvhjkr ~mh jaln, ^m`y chaly ~ma~ ~mh wèm~ ~k nhvhjkr `y vhy~hn `l ~mh J,A, ^mhwh ukxjn

gh a gal kl ajj nhvhjkrchl~ ko jaln kx~y`nh i`~`hy aln ~kuly, ^mh jaln umhl whqx`whn


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okw nhvhjkrchl~ ukxjn ~mhl gh rxwimayhn gp ~mh J,A,a~ `~y h}`y~`le xyh vajxh, ^mhwh

ukxjn gh a oxln yh~ xr gp ~mh Y~a~h umìm ~mh jaln kulhwy `lvkjvhn ikxjn ija`c ~mh`w

jalny vajxh owkc, ^mh rwkgjhc aw`yhy ~mhwhao~hw `l aoo`}`le ~mh rwìh kl ~mh

nhvhjkrchl~ wèm~y ko haim r`hih ko jaln, ^mh X~mua~~ Whrkw~ -yhh yhi~`kl 9,8,9) canh

y`c`jaw rwkrkyajy `l Gw`~a`l umìm uhwh hlai~hn `l 10>5* mkuhvhw uay agkj`ymhn ymkw~jp

ao~hw,

N, A iar`~aj ea`ly ~a} kl rwko`~y aw y`le owkc ~mh n`yrkyaj ko jaln yx`~agjh okwgx`jn`le

^m`y iar`~aj ea`ly ~a} `y yrhiòìajjp `l whja~`kl ~k ~mh ea`l aw`y`le owkc ~mh ~walyohw ko

jaln yx`~agjh okw nhvhjkrchl~, ^mh rwkgjhc aw`yhy u`~m nhjhea~`le umk `y ~k nhi`nh

uma~ jalny ox~xwh nhvhjkrchl~ rwkyrhi~, ^mh nkuloajj ko ~m`y ch~mkn `y ~ma~ ~mh iar`~aj

ea`ly ~a} u`jj lk~ rwhvhl~ `liwhayhy `l jaln vajxhy `l#oai~ ~mh ikcc`~~hh yxyrhi~hn `~

ukxjn `liwhayh jaln vajxhy, ^m`y whikcchlna~`kl uay `crjhchl~hn a phaw ja~hw kl ajj

@w`ym jaln a~ al `l`~àj wa~h ko 7?(, -Nhraw~chl~ ko O`lalih* 7212) ^m`y ch~mkn aj~mkxem

`crjhchl~hn may oa`jhn ay `l @whjaln klh ko kxw rwkgjhcy `y iar`~aj ea`ly ~a}hy ek

y~waèm~ gaif ~k ~mh Whvhlxh aln lklh ekhy gaif ~k ~mh jkiaj ax~mkw`~`hy -Lkujal*

7212),

H, A gh~~hwchl~ jhvp kl ~mh nòohwhlih gh~uhhl ~mh rwìh whaj`yhn kl ~mh n`yrkyaj ko~mh jaln ao~hw rjall`le rhwc`yy`kl man ghhl ewal~hn aln ~mh cawfh~ rwìh ko `~

gayhn kl `~y h}`y~`le xyh

^m`y `y a ~a} kl ~mh whaj`yhn `liwhayh `l ~mh vajxh ko jaln nxh ~k ~mh ewal~`le ko rjall`le

rhwc`yy`kl, ^mh ~a} ukxjn gh aiihyyhn a~ ~mh nòohwhlih gh~uhhl ~mh jaln vajxh ghokwh


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Nav`n Iayy`np GYi, -Mkly) Rwkrhw~p Y~xn`hy 7220+12 z >?

aln ao~hw ~mh J,A, ewal~hn rjall`le rhwc`yy`kl, ^m`y ch~mkn ukxjn hl~a`j a gayh vajxh

gh`le o`}hn ~k ~mh jaln ~mhwhokwh whqx`w`le a jaweh vajxa~`kl aln anc`l`y~wa~`vh

kweal`ya~`kl, Xy`le ~mh rwhv`kxy Gw`~`ym a~~hcr~y ay ikcraw`ykl ~mh ikcc`~~hh

h}rja`lhn mku ~mh ~a} ukxjn gh c`~èa~hn gp jaln kulhwy gp `liwhay`le ~mh yajh rwìh ko

~mh`w jaln,

O, A yimhch xlnhw umìm kulhwy ko jaln yx`~agjh okw gx`jn`le ukxjn gh kgjèhn ~kkoohw `~ ~k ~mh jkiaj ax~mkw`~p `l umkyh awha `~ uay ghokwh ~mhp ykjn kw whnhvhjkrhn

`~, Uh rwkrkyh ~k iajj ~m`y ~mh wèm~ ~k rwh#hcr~`kl

^mh wèm~ ~k rwh#hcr~`kl ial ajyk gh whohwwhn ~k ay ~mh wèm~ ko o`wy~ whoxyaj aln

gayìajjp chaly ~mh wèm~ ~k rxwimayh a rwkrhw~p a~ oxjj cawfh~ vajxh `l rwhohwhlih ~k alp

k~mhw `ln`v`nxaj kw `ly~`~x~`kl, Ay ~mh oxjj cawfh~ vajxh man ~k gh ikcrhlya~hn lk

gh~~hwchl~ ukxjn gh iar~xwhn, ^mxy ~mh o`laliàj iky~y gkwlh gp ~mhc ukxjn gh

xlaookwnagjh, Aj~mkxem ~mh ikcc`~~hh whdhi~hn ~m`y yimhch ~mh c`lkw`~p aewhhn kl a

cknò`hn vhwy`kl umìm iwha~hn ckwh aim`hvagjh ykjx~`kly, -Yhh yhi~`kl 9,9,7)

E, Al achlnchl~ ko ~mh Rjall`le Ai~* 10?9 yk ~ma~ rjall`le rhwc`yy`kl ukxjn ghewal~hn kl ~mh ikln`~`kl ~ma~ ~mh nhvhjkrchl~ ukxjn rap ~k ~mh Jkiaj Ax~mkw`~p

~mh ~k~aj iky~ ko ~mh ukwf umìm u`jj mavh ~k gh iaww`hn kx~ gp ~mh ja~~hw aln umìm

oai`j`~a~h ~mh rwkrkyhn nhvhjkrchl~

^mh whaykl`le ghm`ln ~m`y kr~`kl uay ~k imaweh ~mh nhvhjkrhw okw ~mh ~k~aj iky~ ko ukwfy

rwkv`nhn gp ~mh J,A, okw yhwvì`le ~mh y`~h, ^mh ikcc`~~hh nhi`nhn ~ma~ aj~mkxem ~m`y

ch~mkn ukxjn iar~xwh ~mh rjall`le ea`l `~ ukxjn lk~ y~ag`j`yh ~mh jaln rwìhy aln

whdhi~hn `~, ûhl~p okxw phawy ja~hw a cknòìa~`kl ko ~m`y rwkrkyaj uay `crjhchl~hn


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~mwkxem ~mh Rjall`le aln Nhvhjkrchl~ ai~ u`~m ~mh `l~wknxi~`kl ko ~mh nhvhjkrchl~

ikl~w`gx~`kl yimhchy, -Yhh yhi~`kl 7,12,>)

M,A mèm wa~h ko y~acr nx~p rapagjh gp ~mh vhlnkw kl ~mh ~walyohw kw jhayh ko jaln

yx`~agjh okw gx`jn`le

^m`y cknhj gayìajjp rwkrkyhy `liwhay`le ~mh y~acr nx~p9 kl ~mh yajh ko ~mh

nhvhjkrchl~ jaln ~k wh~a`l ~mh gh~~hwchl~, Mkuhvhw y`lih ~mh y~acr nx~p `y ra`n gp ~mh

rxwimayhw ko ~mh jaln* `lhv`~agjp `~ u`jj gh rayyhn kl~k ~mh rxgjì* ~mh rxwimayhwy ko ~mh

nhvhjkrhn gx`jn`ley, ^m`y ch~mkn uay whdhi~hn gp ~mh ikcc`~~hh,

@, mh `crky`~`kl ko a lhu ~a} jhv`hn allxajjp a~ ~mh rwkewhyy`vh wa~h kl ~mh y`~hvajxh ko jalny yx`~agjh okw gx`jn`le okw umìm rjall`le rhwc`yy`kl man ghhl

ewal~hn, ^mh y ~h vajxh ukxjn lk~ gh ~mh rwhyhl~ wa~hagjh vajxa~`kl gx~ a cknhwl

ayyhyychl~ ko ~mh jh~~`le vajxh

^m`y ch~mkn a`cy lk~ kljp ~k y~ag`j`yh jaln vajxhy gp `liwhay`le yxrrjp gx~ ajyk

rwhvhl~ jaln mkawn`le kw galf`le -yhh yhi~`kl 7,?,9), A yrhiàj ~a} ukxjn gh jhv`hn

allxajjp kl ~mh cawfh~ whl~aj vajxh, ^m`y uap ~mh oa`jxwh ~k nhvhjkr ~mh jaln ukxjn

`lixw mhavp rhlaj~`hy, ^mh ojau `y ~a} ukxjn kljp arrjp ~k ~mh jalny yx`~agjh okw

gx`jn`le, ^mxy ~mh jalny cxy~ ajwhanp gh yhwvìhn aln ~ma~ ukxjn ewha~jp c`l`c`yh ~mhackxl~ ko jaln ~a}agjh, ^mh ikcc`~~hh hy~agj`ymhn ~ma~ ~m`y ch~mkn ukxjn lk~

yèlòìal~jp aoohi~ ~mh ackxl~ ko jaln ghikc`le ava`jagjh, ^m`y yimhch uay lhvhw

9Y~acr nx~p `y a ~a} kl ~mh ~walyohw ko nkixchl~y xyhn `l a rwkrhw~p ~walyai~`kl, ^mh ackxl~ `y ra`n ~k ~mhEkvhwlchl~ aln `y nh~hwc`lhn gp ~mh iky~ ko ~mh rwkrhw~p, -Yixjjp* 722=)


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Nav`n Iayy`np GYi, -Mkly) Rwkrhw~p Y~xn`hy 7220+1

Could the Increase of Development Land Values within the Greater Dublin Area have been Prevented? - An Investigation into Controlling Development Land Values and Recouping Betterment

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