Javier Blasco-Zumeta & Gerd-Michael Heinze http://blascozumeta.com Identification Atlas of Aragon’s Birds / Atlas de identificación de las aves de Aragón Sexing. Adult. Male with pale cheek. Plumage pattern: black throat (1); breast with pale streaks (2). Sexo. Adulto. Macho con mejilla clara. Diseño del plumaje: garganta negra (1); pecho con moteado claro (2). Sexing. Any age. Female. Plumage pattern: pale cheek (1); throat without black patch (2); breast with dark spots (3). Sexo. Cualquier edad. Hembra. Diseño del pluma- je: mejilla clara (1); garganta sin mancha negra (2); pecho con moteado oscuro (3). 1 Sexing. Juvenile. Male. Plumage pattern: pale cheek (1); throat without black patch (2); breast with pale streaks (3). Sexo. Juvenil. Macho. Diseño del plumaje: mejilla clara (1); garganta sin mancha negra (2); pecho con moteado claro (3). 2 1 2 3 1 2 3 AGEING 3 age groups can be recognized (CAUTION: since quails breed in winter, all age classes can be found at any time of the year): Juvenile resembles a female; fresh plumage; wing without moult limits; males have some flank feathers with female pattern. 2nd year with moult limit between changed dark flight feathers and the retained juvenile 3-5 outermost primaries, with their primary coverts, which are worn and ochre (CAUTION: late hat- ching birds have the outermost primaries only slightly worn but differences in colour can be found; males retain some feathers on flanks with female pattern). Adult with all wing feathers with the same age, GALLIFORMES Coturnix coturnix Common Quail Codorniz común MOULT Complete postbreeding moult started before migra- tion; usually finished in breeding areas but also sus- pended and finished in wintering sites. Partial postjuvenile moult changing body feathers in 6 weeks after hatching; between august and september all flight feathers are moulted except the 3-5 outermost primaries. Both age classes have a pre- breeding moult including body feathers only, so the outermost juvenile primaries are moulted with the first postbreeding moult. MUDA Muda postnupcial completa que comienza antes de la migración; habitualmente terminada en las áreas de reproducción pero también suspendida y acaba- da en las zonas de invernada. Muda postjuvenil parcial, cambiando las plumas corporales en unas 6 semanas después de la eclosión; entre agosto y sep- tiembre se mudan todas las plumas del ala excepto las 3-5 primarias más externas. Ambas clases de edad tienen una muda prenupcial que abarca única- mente plumas corporales, por lo que las primarias externas juveniles se cambian con la primera muda postnupcial. SEXING Adult Male with black or brownish anchor-shaped patch on throat, with a variable extent since just a narrow anchor till whole black throats; buff breast with white streaks; flank feathers with chestnut streaks, without dark spots. Juvenile male may or may not have dark throat, but recognizable by buff breast with little dark mottling. Female with throat always whitish, without anchor; buff breast with abundant dark mottling; flank feathers whith dark spots. SEXO Macho adulto con una mancha negra o marrón en la garganta con forma de ancla, existiendo una gran variabilidad desde anclas poco extensas hasta gar- gantas completamente negras; pecho leonado motedo de blanco; plumas del flanco listadas de castaño, sin moteado oscuro. Macho juvenil puede tener o no garganta oscura, pero reconocible por pecho ante con poco moteado oscuro. Hembra con garganta siempre de color blanco, sin ancla; pecho leonado con abundante moteado oscuro; plumas del flanco con moteado oscuro. Sexing. Adult. Male with rufous cheek. Plumage pattern: rufous cheek (1); black throat (2); breast with pale streaks (3). Sexo. Adulto. Macho con mejilla rojiza. Diseño del plumaje: mejilla rojiza (1); garganta negra (2); pecho con moteado claro (3). 1 2 3