Cotton, Cattle, and Railroads. April 9 th Bell Work In your notebook I want you to write the words and the definitions to the Vocabulary words to Chapter.

Cotton, Cattle, and Cotton, Cattle, and RailroadsRailroads

April 9April 9thth Bell Work Bell Work

In your notebook I want In your notebook I want you to write the words you to write the words and the definitions to the and the definitions to the Vocabulary words to Vocabulary words to Chapter 18, section 1 Chapter 18, section 1 (Page 412.) (Page 412.)

Factors leading to the expansion of the Factors leading to the expansion of the Texas frontierTexas frontier Large amount of landLarge amount of land Large supply of wild longhorn on the Texas Large supply of wild longhorn on the Texas

frontierfrontier Demand for beef in the northern and eastern Demand for beef in the northern and eastern

United StatesUnited States Effects of westward expansion on Effects of westward expansion on

American IndiansAmerican Indians Battles between Comanche, Apaches, Kiowas, Battles between Comanche, Apaches, Kiowas,

and the U.S. Armyand the U.S. Army Forced on reservations in OklahomaForced on reservations in Oklahoma

Buffalo soldiersBuffalo soldiers African American African American

soldiers. soldiers. They were former They were former

slaves who fought slaves who fought during the Indian during the Indian Wars. Wars.

Native Americans Native Americans gave them this gave them this nickname for their nickname for their bravery.bravery.

Quanah ParkerQuanah Parker Quanah Parker was Quanah Parker was

the last Chief of the the last Chief of the Comanches.Comanches.

His parents were His parents were Cynthia Ann Parker Cynthia Ann Parker and Chief Peta and Chief Peta Nacona.Nacona.

He assimilated to He assimilated to American culture American culture and influenced other and influenced other Native Americans to Native Americans to do the same.do the same.

Development of the cattle industry Development of the cattle industry from its Spanish beginningsfrom its Spanish beginnings Cattle were brought to America by the Cattle were brought to America by the

Spaniards.Spaniards. The first cowboy was the Spanish The first cowboy was the Spanish

vaquero.vaquero. Cattle trails were used to get cattle to Cattle trails were used to get cattle to

the railroads, which took them to market the railroads, which took them to market in northern states.in northern states.

April 10April 10thth Bell Work Bell Work

In your notebook write out the In your notebook write out the words and definitions for the words and definitions for the vocabulary words in Chapter vocabulary words in Chapter 18, section 2 (page 419.) 18, section 2 (page 419.) Close your notebook when you Close your notebook when you are finished so I know you are are finished so I know you are done!done!

Barbed wire, windmill (windpump or Barbed wire, windmill (windpump or windwheel), and railroads in Texas were the windwheel), and railroads in Texas were the main causes for the close of the open range. main causes for the close of the open range. Ranchers no longer had to have access to Ranchers no longer had to have access to waterways.waterways.

Myths and realities of the Myths and realities of the cowboy way of lifecowboy way of life One-third of cowboys were One-third of cowboys were

African-Americans (former African-Americans (former slaves), Mexican-Americans slaves), Mexican-Americans (Tejanos), and women(Tejanos), and women..

Average age was about 20 Average age was about 20 with a small physical framewith a small physical frame

Famous cowboys: Famous cowboys: Daniel Webster “80 John” Wallace, Bose Ikard, Oliver Loving, Charles Goodnight, Maria del Carmen Cavillo, Elizabeth “Lizzie” Johnson Williams

Nat Love 1876

Effects of the Effects of the growth of railroadsgrowth of railroads Allowed raw Allowed raw

materials in Texas to materials in Texas to be sent to northern be sent to northern marketsmarkets

Texans had fast, Texans had fast, inexpensive, and inexpensive, and reliable reliable transportation.transportation.

Cause for the Cause for the industrialization of industrialization of TexasTexas

Contributions of James Contributions of James HoggHogg As Texas Attorney General, As Texas Attorney General,

and Governor, he worked at and Governor, he worked at reforming big business reforming big business fighting to protect citizens fighting to protect citizens from unjust businesses from unjust businesses practices.practices.

Supported the creation of Supported the creation of the Texas Railroad the Texas Railroad Commission that protected Commission that protected citizens from unfair citizens from unfair practices by railroadspractices by railroads

April 13April 13thth Bell Work Bell Work

We will read an article We will read an article about fence cutting for our about fence cutting for our bell work…. Please get bell work…. Please get your notebook and take a your notebook and take a seat!seat!

POLITICAL, ECONOMIC, AND SOCIAL IMPACT OF THE POLITICAL, ECONOMIC, AND SOCIAL IMPACT OF THE AGRICULTURAL INDUSTRY AND THE DEVELOPMENT OF WEST AGRICULTURAL INDUSTRY AND THE DEVELOPMENT OF WEST

TEXAS RESULTING FROM THE CLOSE OF THE FRONTIERTEXAS RESULTING FROM THE CLOSE OF THE FRONTIER

PoliticalPolitical  impactimpact Range wars – Range wars –

farmers and farmers and ranchers battled ranchers battled between each other. between each other. They cut and They cut and destroyed fences destroyed fences and burned pasture and burned pasture land resulting in land resulting in gunfights and lower gunfights and lower property values.property values.

Legislation – fence Legislation – fence cutting became a cutting became a felonyfelony

POLITICAL, ECONOMIC, AND SOCIAL IMPACT OF THE POLITICAL, ECONOMIC, AND SOCIAL IMPACT OF THE AGRICULTURAL INDUSTRY AND THE DEVELOPMENT OF WEST AGRICULTURAL INDUSTRY AND THE DEVELOPMENT OF WEST

TEXAS RESULTING FROM THE CLOSE OF THE FRONTIERTEXAS RESULTING FROM THE CLOSE OF THE FRONTIER

Social impactSocial impact Farmers moved west.Farmers moved west. New methods of farming New methods of farming

– dry farming, irrigation, – dry farming, irrigation, and terracesand terraces

Increase of sharecropping Increase of sharecropping and tenant farming, and tenant farming, which resulted in many which resulted in many people in deep debtpeople in deep debt

Tenant Farming – farmers Tenant Farming – farmers who rented land on which who rented land on which to grow cropsto grow crops

Sharecropping – farmers Sharecropping – farmers who rented land, tools, who rented land, tools, seeds, and/or houses and seeds, and/or houses and promised part of their promised part of their crop as paymentcrop as payment

THEMATIC MAPS, GRAPHS, CHARTS, MODELS, AND THEMATIC MAPS, GRAPHS, CHARTS, MODELS, AND DATABASES REPRESENTING VARIOUS ASPECTS OF TEXAS DATABASES REPRESENTING VARIOUS ASPECTS OF TEXAS

DURING THE 19th, 20th, AND 21st CENTURIESDURING THE 19th, 20th, AND 21st CENTURIES GraphsGraphs

Population of Texas Population of Texas 18001800

April 14April 14thth Bell Work Bell Work

GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION AND PATTERNS IN GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION AND PATTERNS IN TEXAS DURING THE 19th, 20th, AND 21st TEXAS DURING THE 19th, 20th, AND 21st

CENTURIESCENTURIES LandformsLandforms

Indian WarsIndian Wars The U.S. Army trapped The U.S. Army trapped

the Comanche in the the Comanche in the Palo Duro Canyon, their Palo Duro Canyon, their winter home.winter home.

Flat land of High Plains Flat land of High Plains allowed for them to be allowed for them to be untouched for so longuntouched for so long

This defeat forced the This defeat forced the Comanche to Comanche to reservations in reservations in Oklahoma.Oklahoma.

EFFECTS OF PHYSICAL AND HUMAN FACTORS ON EFFECTS OF PHYSICAL AND HUMAN FACTORS ON

MAJOR EVENTS IN TEXASMAJOR EVENTS IN TEXAS

IrrigationIrrigation Closing the frontierClosing the frontier

When windmills When windmills were invented, were invented, farmers and farmers and ranchers were able ranchers were able to water their crops to water their crops and animals on their and animals on their own property own property without having without having access to a river or access to a river or aquifer (irrigation).aquifer (irrigation).

EFFECTS OF PHYSICAL AND HUMAN FACTORS ON EFFECTS OF PHYSICAL AND HUMAN FACTORS ON

MAJOR EVENTS IN TEXASMAJOR EVENTS IN TEXAS TransportationTransportation

Growth of population Growth of population and agricultural industryand agricultural industry

Due to the growth of Due to the growth of the railroad in Texas, the railroad in Texas, people were able to people were able to travel, live, and create travel, live, and create new businesses in all new businesses in all areas of Texas, areas of Texas, including South and including South and West Texas, and they West Texas, and they were able to transport were able to transport crops and cattle across crops and cattle across Texas and the United Texas and the United States.States.

April 15April 15thth Bell Work Bell Work

WAYS TEXANS HAVE ADAPTED TO AND MODIFIED THE WAYS TEXANS HAVE ADAPTED TO AND MODIFIED THE ENVIRONMENT AND POSITIVE AND NEGATIVE CONSEQUENCES ENVIRONMENT AND POSITIVE AND NEGATIVE CONSEQUENCES

OF THE MODIFICATIONSOF THE MODIFICATIONS Cattle trailsCattle trails

Adapted/Modified – Adapted/Modified – cattle trails were cattle trails were developed to developed to transport cattle to transport cattle to the railroads.the railroads.

Consequences – led Consequences – led to the development to the development of railroads and of railroads and towns in less-towns in less-developed areasdeveloped areas

WAYS GEOGRAPHIC FACTORS HAVE AFFECTED THE POLITICAL, WAYS GEOGRAPHIC FACTORS HAVE AFFECTED THE POLITICAL,

ECONOMIC, AND SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT OF TEXASECONOMIC, AND SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT OF TEXAS

Limited water Limited water resourcesresources Farming in West Farming in West

Texas was often Texas was often abandoned because abandoned because of the limited water of the limited water resources but resources but ranching (cattle) ranching (cattle) was more was more successful.successful.

DEVELOPMENT OF MAJOR INDUSTRIES THAT DEVELOPMENT OF MAJOR INDUSTRIES THAT

CONTRIBUTED TO URBANIZATION OF TEXASCONTRIBUTED TO URBANIZATION OF TEXAS

TransportationTransportation Early 19th century – Early 19th century –

wagons, carriages, wagons, carriages, and horsesand horses

Latter part of the Latter part of the 19th century – 19th century – wagons, carriages, wagons, carriages, horses, railroads, horses, railroads, and steamboatsand steamboats

TYPES AND USES OF TECHNOLOGY, PAST AND TYPES AND USES OF TECHNOLOGY, PAST AND

PRESENTPRESENT

TransportationTransportation RailroadRailroad

Past – to transport cattle, agricultural Past – to transport cattle, agricultural products, and peopleproducts, and people

Present – use refrigerated trucks and faster Present – use refrigerated trucks and faster rail systems to transport cattle and rail systems to transport cattle and agricultural productsagricultural products

TYPES AND USES OF TECHNOLOGY, PAST AND TYPES AND USES OF TECHNOLOGY, PAST AND

PRESENTPRESENT

AgricultureAgriculture Barbed wireBarbed wire

Past – fenced in open range and kept cattle Past – fenced in open range and kept cattle from breaking fence         from breaking fence         

Present – large commercial farms that use Present – large commercial farms that use stronger fencing materialstronger fencing material

April 16April 16thth Bell Work Bell Work

TYPES AND USES OF TECHNOLOGY, PAST AND TYPES AND USES OF TECHNOLOGY, PAST AND

PRESENTPRESENT Windmill (windpump Windmill (windpump

or windwheel)or windwheel) Past – provided Past – provided

water so cattle can water so cattle can be contained and be contained and farming can be farming can be developeddeveloped

Present – irrigation Present – irrigation systems are built to systems are built to more effectively more effectively provide water for provide water for animals and farminganimals and farming

TYPES AND USES OF TECHNOLOGY, PAST AND TYPES AND USES OF TECHNOLOGY, PAST AND

PRESENTPRESENT

CommunicationCommunication Past – telegraph, Past – telegraph,

telephones, letters, telephones, letters, and very slowand very slow

Present – Since Present – Since World War II, the World War II, the communication is communication is still the same, but still the same, but now includes cell now includes cell phones and phones and Internet/e-mail.Internet/e-mail.

EFFECTS OF VARIOUS SCIENTIFIC DISCOVERIES AND EFFECTS OF VARIOUS SCIENTIFIC DISCOVERIES AND TECHNOLOGICAL INNOVATIONS ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF TECHNOLOGICAL INNOVATIONS ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF

TEXASTEXAS Advancements in the agricultural industriesAdvancements in the agricultural industries

Barbed wire – fencing that prevented cattle and Barbed wire – fencing that prevented cattle and other animals from destroying cropsother animals from destroying crops

Windmill (windpump or windwheel) – allowed Windmill (windpump or windwheel) – allowed cattle, sheep, goats, and crops to be watered on cattle, sheep, goats, and crops to be watered on a farmera farmer’’s land, they did not have to be near a s land, they did not have to be near a river or water sourceriver or water source

Irrigation – is an artificial application of water to Irrigation – is an artificial application of water to the soil; usually used to assist the growing of the soil; usually used to assist the growing of crops in dry areas and during periods of crops in dry areas and during periods of inadequate rainfallinadequate rainfall