vH&S RAUMFAHRT • FORSCHUNG • INDUSTRIE COmetary Secondary Ion Mass Analyser COSIMA for the ESA Mission ROSETTA H. Henkel q, H. H ¨ ofner w, J. Kissel e, A. Koch q, M. Hilchenbach e — q von Hoerner & Sulger GmbH (vH&S), Schwetzingen, w Max-Planck-Institut f¨ ur extraterrestrische Physik (MPE), Garching, e Max-Planck-Institut f¨ ur Aeronomie (MPAe), Katlenburg-Lindau The COSIMA Instrument Electronics Box Dust Inlet Target Manip. Unit COSISCOPE Ion Source (Clean) Ion Source (Analyse) Primary Ion Optics Drift Tube Ion Reflector COSIMA’s Scientific Objectives Target: Comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko • Analysis of the elemental composition (and isotopic composition of some key elements) of cometary grains. • Chemical characterisation of the main organic compo- nents, present homologuous and functional groups. • Mineralic and petrographic characterisation of the inor- ganic phases—all related to solar system chemistry. COSIMA Specifications Atomic mass range 1. . . 4000 Da Relative atomic mass resolution m/dm at m = 300 >2500 COSIMA instrument mass 19.8 kg Indium ion pulse duration ≈5 ns Indium ion energy 8 keV Power consumption from 28V DC 20.4 W The COSIMA Team vH&S The von Hoerner & Sulger GmbH is prime con- tractor and responsible for the overall design, man- agement, production, and qualification testing. The Max-Planck-Institut f¨ ur extraterrestrische Physik (MPE), Garching, Germany, then with Di- rector Prof. G. Haerendel, hosted the PI Dr. Jochen Kissel, contributed TMU and mechanical systems. The Bergische Universit¨ at und Gesamthoch- schule Wuppertal (BUGH) participated in devel- opment of the data acquisition unit TDC. The Finnish Meteorological Institute (FMI), Helsinki, Finland, provided the GSE and the COSIMA flight software. The Ingenieurb ¨ uro Dr. Franz Krueger, Darm- stadt, Germany, provided cleanliness analyses, sci- entific methods for spectra interpretation, and de- velopmental effort for collector targets. The Institut d’ Astrophysique Spatiale (IAS), Or- say, France, developed the COSISCOPE camera and the power converters. The ¨ Osterreichisches Forschungszentrum Sei- bersdorf Ges. m. b. H. (ARCS), Austria, provided the Primary Ion Sources (PIS). The Institut f¨ ur Weltraumforschung (IWF), Graz, Austria, developed the HV supply for the PIS. The Laboratoire de Physique & Chimie de l’Environnement (LPCE), Orleans, France, pro- vided the primary ion optics (PIBS). The Universit¨ at der Bundeswehr, Neubiberg, Germany, provided collector targets. Nyle Utterback, Santa Barbara, CA, did the ion optics design. The Institut f ¨ ur Planetologie,M¨ unster, Germany, performed TOF-SIMS analysis of analogs for scien- tific and instrumental comparison. The Max-Planck-Institut f¨ ur Aeronomie (MPAe), Katlenburg-Lindau, provides science operations. The ROSETTA Spacecraft ROSETTA at Comet — Artist’s view COSIMA Timeline 1992 ESA performs Pre-Study for new Cometary Mission “ROSETTA”. Dr. J. Kissel, MPK Heidelberg, presents dust mass spectrometer concept based on CoMA/CRAF (NASA mission, canceled). Sep. 1993 ESA selects ROSETTA as new “Cornerstone Mission.” June 1994 Dr. Kissel contacts insti- tutes for contributions, prepares exp. proposal “COSIMA” to ESA. Dec. 1995 ESA selects COSIMA for the ROSETTA mission. Summer 1996 vH&S starts develop- ment of COSIMA eng. model. 1998 vH&S receives contract for the COSIMA flight model. July 2002 vH&S delivers the COSIMA flight model (XM) to ESTEC. Jan. 2003 ROSETTA launch (Kourou) postponed by ESA. July 2003 COSIMA emitter mainte- nance session at GSC, Kourou. 26 Feb. 2004 Planned launch date. Aug. 2014 Arrival (prelim.) at comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko. COSIMA Functional Principle Target Target Target Indium Camera (Camera Pos.) Ion Optics Ion Source Ion Reflector Ion Detector Electronics Robotic Arm with Target (Spectrometer Pos.) (Collect Position) Cometary Dust Target Store (Chemistry Station) Tungsten Needle Secondary Ion Beam Primary Ion Beam cosima-func-en.fig ROSETTA Spacecraft Drift Tube COSIMA Block Diagram Divider Chain Power Data KAL Data Amp. Sensors Motors Start Point to Target PIBS Camera GND COSISCOPE TMU PIS Control PIBS Control Deflection Cntl. Interface Control Deflection Cntl. Control HK-Unit S/C-Interface Casc. Supply HVC Cascade Cascade Chain (DET-CASC) (PA-CASC) (TOF1/2-HVC) (D-, A-CNTL) (D-CNTL, A-CNTL) (D-CNTL, A-CNTL) (Board Names in Brackets) Chop. HVC Bunch. HVC Generator PIBS Timing PIBS Camera TMU Primary Ion Divider Detector Post-Accel. (SERIF) Low-Voltage TOF-HVC TOF Secondary Ion Reflector (D-, A-CNTL) (D-, A-CNTL) (HK1, HK2) Switch Unit (LVS) (D-CNTL) (SERIF) (TMUC, TMUD-A, -B) Boot PROM SRAM Program Watch Dog Latch- Up-Cntl. CPU 21020 Data SRAM EEPROM Program Bus I/F LVC (LVC) (TDC-TDC) COSIMA Experiment Bus Camera TMU TDC PIS, PIBS, TOF Statuses Temperatures Currents Voltages Start COSIMA Experiment Bus CCD (DET-NW) Ion Path Extr. Lens Reflector Ion Detector Target Emitter A Chopper 3-Stage Buncher Emitter C LC1 LA1 Analyze Beam Clean Beam HVC U_px U_pe HVC Beam Switch Drift Tube $Revision: 1.15 $ HVC HVC Dual-HVC Deflection Unit Deflection Unit TOF-HVC PA-HVC (PA/DET-HVC) (PA/DET-HVC) (PIBS/TOF-DU) (TOF3-HVC) (PIBS/TOF-DU) (L1/2-HVC) (L1/2-HVC) (CB-HVC) (CB-HVC) Lenses 2 Lenses 1 Beam Switch TDC (TDC-TDC, -DAC, -PTC, -TRIG) (CPU) DET-HVC (BS-HVC) Heater Supply cosimablk.fig LA2 LC2 COSIMA Measurement Principle • Cometary dust is collected on targets, which are stored in Target Manipulation Unit (TMU). • The dust grains are located by microscopic camera COSISCOPE. • A pulsed primary Indium ion beam partially ionises the dust grains. • The secondary ions (pos. or neg., selectable) are accelerated by electrical fields, and travel well-defined distance through drift tube and ion reflector. • A multisphere plate with dedicated amplifier is used to detect the ions. • The arrival times of the ions are digitised and accumulated into 2ns bins. • The mass spectra are calculated from the time-of-flight spectra. The COSIMA Investigation COSIMA has been proposed, developed, and delivered by an international team of 39 investigators. The PI Jochen Kissel (MPAe) and 4 CoPIs Yves Langevin (IAS), Rita Schulz (ESTEC), Johan Sil ´ en (FMI), and Hanna von Hoerner (vH&S) are leading the investigation. Funding comes from DARA/DLR and the respective other national agencies. The special support by ESTEC in a critical situation before delivery is gratefully acknowledged. COSIMA Contact, Links COSIMA Info von Hoerner & Sulger GmbH, Schlossplatz 8, D-68723 Schwet- zingen, Germany, http://www.vh-s.de, Tel.: (+49) 62 02 / 57 56-16, E-mail: [email protected]. This poster is available at: http://www.vh-s.de/projects/cosima/press/a4poster.pdf MPAe Homepage http://www.linmpi.mpg.de MPE Homepage http://www.mpe.mpg.de FMI COSIMA Homepage http://www.geo.fmi.fi/PLANETS/Cosima.html ROSETTA Homepage http://rosetta.esa.int Poster first presented at EGS-AGU-EUG joint assembly, Nice, France, 10 April 2003. Revised and extended 22 April 2004, Rev. 1.106. Poster by pdfT E X.