COS Standard 5
COS Standard 5Evaluate the impact of social changes and the
influence of key figures in the United States from World War I
through the 1920s, including Prohibition, the passage of the
Nineteenth Amendment, the Scopes Trial, limits on immigration, Ku
Klux Klan activities, the Red Scare, Susan B. Anthony, Margaret
Sanger, Elizabeth Cady Stanton, the Harlem Renaissance, the Great
Migration, W. C. Handy, the Jazz Age, and Zelda Fitzgerald.
Prohibition18th AmendmentProhibits sale, manufacture and
distribution of alcohol.21st AmendmentRepeals
prohibitionsSpeakeasies: secret bar where alcohol can be
purchasedAlcohol and violence are related.Prohibition continued
Prohibition continued
19th AmendmentSuffrage: right to vote1848: Elizabeth Cady
Stanton and Lucretia Mott attempt to gain the rights to vote at the
Seneca Falls Convention.After the Civil War, women try to get the
right to vote when African Americans get the right to vote
(piggyback on the passage of the 14th and 15th Amendments)
19th Amendment continued2 groups of suffragists emerged:National
Women Suffrage Association: Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Susan B.
Anthony; passing constitutional amendments for suffrageAmerican
Women Suffrage Association: Lucy Stone and Julia Ward Howe;
convince state governments to pass legislation for suffrageApart,
the groups are not effective.Some states pass do pass suffrage
laws: Wyoming, Idaho, Utah, and Colorado
19th Amendment continuedThe two groups will unite: National
American Women Suffrage AssociationOther states will allow women to
vote, but still not universal.Women begin to march to protest lack
of rights.Some suffragettes resort to extreme tactics to get the
right to vote.Alice Paul19th Amendment continuedThe 19th Amendment
takes a couple of times to finally pass through Congress. It is not
until 1920 that women get the right to vote.
Susan B. Anthony and Alice Paul
The Scopes TrialWith the changes taking place in America, people
worry about social decline.In 1925, Tennessee passes the Butler
Act, which makes it illegal to teach evolution (human developed
from a lower form of life over millions of years).John T. Scopes
tests the Butler Act.He is arrested and put on trial and found
guilty
Limits on immigrationPresident Harding passes the Emergency
Quota Act in 1921.Limits immigration to 3% of the total number of
people in any ethnic group already living in the US.In 1924, the
National Origins Act was passed.Lowered the quota to 2% of each
national group living in the US in 1890 restricts immigrants from
southern and eastern Europe.No restrictions on immigrants from the
western hemisphere.Limits on immigration continuedImmigration
restrictions limit the amount of people in the labor pool.Mexican
immigrants flood into the US.In the 1920s, racism and nativism
increased.Sacco and Vanzetti: two Italian immigrants who were
thought to be anarchists were accused of murder and theft.
Sentenced to death, executed proclaiming innocence.Sacco and
Vanzetti
Limits on immigration and KKKNativists like the idea of
eugenics.Improving heredity traitsInferior people should not be
allowed to breed.Ku Klux Klan (KKK) will try to restrict
immigration.Target: African Americans, Catholics, Jews, immigrants
and people who have un-American values.KKK declines.Limits on
immigration continuedWhy is there a revival of racism and
nativism?Economic recessionInflux of immigrantsTensions between
races and cultures Threatens the status quoCompetition for same
jobsRed Scare and Palmer RaidsCommunism is associated with
disloyalty and unpatriotic behavior.Nationwide panic that the
Communists might take control of AmericaBig Brother will start to
watch people they think are a threat.A. Mitchell Palmer: US
Attorney General attacked with bomb.Sets up General Intelligence
Division of Justice Department headed by J. Edgar Hoover
(FBI)Raided radical organizations rounding up immigrants and
deporting themA. Mitchell Palmer and J. Edgar Hoover
Margaret Sanger
Advocated for birth controlTrouble for mailing obscenitiesShows
how women are gaining more rights and gives rise to the flapper
New morality and FlapperChallenges traditional ideals and
glorifies youth and personal freedomWomen go to work, earn a living
or attend collegeCars allow young people to pursue interests away
from parents.Flapper: young, dramatic, stylish, and unconventional
women; smoke, drink and wear revealing clothesFlapper
Harlem RenaissanceGreat Migration: African Americans move from
the south to the north in search for jobs.Harlem, New York: African
Americans who cultivate their artistic development, racial pride,
sense of community and political organizations which led to African
American arts.Examples of people of the Harlem RenaissanceClaude
McKay: writerLangston Hughes: writerLouis Armstrong: trumpet and
cornet player; introduced jazz music (influenced by Dixieland music
and ragtime)Cotton Club: famous Harlem nightspotDuke Ellington:
jazz musicianBessie Smith: blues singer (soulful music about
problems)Examples of people of the Harlem Renaissance
W. C. HandyMusician Father of the BluesAlabamaSt. Louis
BluesBeale Street Blues
Jazz AgeNicknamed the Roaring Twenties1921-1929Zelda
FitzgeraldFlapper: carefree, dramatic and
unconventionalAlabamaMarried to F. Scott FitzgeraldWrote short
stories and painted