Corruption, security and peace

Corruption, security and peace

Mark Pyman [email protected] UNODC, Lima Dec 3-5th 2018

The Security SectorPolice ServicesGendarmerieArmed Forces

Intelligence ServicesBorder guards & customsPrivate security, militias

Relevant Ministries

The security sector and corruption

Vast quantities of assets that are easy to steal

Security forces can be Predator rather than Protector

Military capability is negated by corruption

Conflict is perpetuated by corruption

Defence & Security are easy sources of VQA

Equipment

Food & fuel

Salary chain

Off-budget

Private armies

Extortion

Corruption prevention in defence & security

Sector focus & expertise

PFM standards in security

Sector-specific priorities

International standards

International norms

Corruption prevention in defence & security

Professional standards

Poor practices

Secrecy and confidentiality rules are way out of order. They favour internal convenience and therefore corruption.

Corruption control inside police forces is routinely poor, in almost all countries

Poor oversight: of spending, of military-owned businesses, of state-owned suppliers

Parliamentary oversight of defence/police is usually weak

Whistleblowing is in its infancy in the security sector.

Poor transparency of defence budget and defence spendingCorruption is recognised but not yet actioned as a central issue in stability/fragility/conflict/reconstruction policy

Corruption prevention in defence & security

Professional standards

Good practices

Low percentage of secret defence budgets

Integrity initiative throughout a military force (e.g. Colombia)

National Procurement apex organisation, meeting weekly

Detailed comparative metrics of corruption vulnerability

Public Expenditure Reviews of the Security sector

Expertise groups assisting Ministries & forces

Civil society/Journalist attention to defence corruption cases

Improved practices within arms companies: use of agents, due diligence, compliance, whistle-blowing (e.g. Lockheed, Thales)

Publication of audit findings in defence/police

Corruption risks and issues in peace agreements

Corruption prevention in defence & securityProfessional standards

Example: Colombia

Suggestions for UNCAC 7-2

Mark Pyman [email protected] UNODC, Lima Dec 3-5th 2018

• Establish a FATF equivalent entity: A Security Integrity Task Force? Structured like FATF, with 20 good practice recommendations, a similar non-binding organisation format, and voluntary membership?

• Establish an international good governance defence framework. See TI proposal

• Follow up the UNODC Sept 2018 UNSC briefing on “Maintenance of International Peace and Security: Corruption and Conflict” with proposals.

• Propose anti-corruption centres of expertise in other sectors that also suffer from VQA corruption. For example: Electricity and Power Generation; Telecomms; Banking; Culture and tourism.

• Propose national anti-corruption plans and draft the substantive contents list