CORRUPTION AND IMPROPER PAYMENTS 1 CORRUPTION AND IMPROPER PAYMENTS: GLOBAL TRENDS AND APPLICABLE LAWS A. TIMOTHY MARTIN * This article reviews recent changes in the law relating to bribes and other improper payments made in the course of conducting business in foreign countries. The author points to an emerging trend toward greater criminalization of such payments, and summarizes relevant Canadian and American law on the subject. The impact of multilateral agreements and international organizations is examined. The author also reviews laws against corruption and improper payments in Yemen, Libya, Nigeria, Kazakstan, Colombia, Venezuela, Indonesia and Vietnam. In conclusion, the reader is presented with recommendations for achieving compliance with Canadian and American laws, as well as with those of specific host countries. Le présent article examine les changements récents apportés au droit relatif aux pots-de-vin et autres paiements illicites dans le cadre des activités de commerce à l’étranger. L’auteur note une tendance à la criminalisation accrue de ces pratiques et résume les décisions canadiennes et américaines pertinentes. L’incidence des accords multilatéraux et des organismes internationaux est examinée. L’auteur étudie aussi les lois anti-corruption de divers pays - Yémen, Libye, Nigéria, Kazakstan, Colombie, Venezuela, Indonésie et Vietnam. En conclusion, il propose des recommandations visant à promouvoir le respect du droit au Canada et aux États-Unis, ainsi que dans d’autres pays d’accueil. TABLE OF CONTENTS I. INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................... 2 II. CANADA .............................................................................................................. 2 A. INTRODUCTION............................................................................................ 2 B. CRIMINAL PROHIBITIONS ............................................................................ 3 C. TAX PROVISIONS ......................................................................................... 3 D. SUMMARY ................................................................................................... 4 III. UNITED STATES ................................................................................................... 4 A. INTRODUCTION............................................................................................ 4 B. PERSONS AND COMPANIES COVERED ......................................................... 4 C. BRIBES......................................................................................................... 5 D. FACILITATING PAYMENTS ........................................................................... 6 E. OECD AMENDMENTS ................................................................................. 6 F. PENALTIES................................................................................................... 7 G. DEFENCES ................................................................................................... 7 H. HISTORY OF FCPA ENFORCEMENT............................................................. 7 I. EXTRATERRITORIALITY............................................................................... 8 J. TAX PROVISIONS ......................................................................................... 9 K. PREVENTATIVE MEASURES ......................................................................... 9 IV. MULTILATERAL AGREEMENTS AND ORGANIZATIONS ...................................... 10 A. INTRODUCTION.......................................................................................... 10 B. ORGANIZATION FOR ECONOMIC COOPERATION AND DEVELOPMENT .......................................................... 10 C. G-7 COUNTRIES......................................................................................... 13 D. ORGANIZATION OF AMERICAN STATES .................................................... 13 E. ASIA-PACIFIC ECONOMIC COOPERATION FORUM .................................... 13 F. WORLD TRADE ORGANIZATION................................................................ 14 G. INTERNATIONAL CHAMBER OF COMMERCE.............................................. 15 H. WORLD BANK ........................................................................................... 15 I. INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND .......................................................... 16 J. TRANSPARENCY INTERNATIONAL............................................................. 16 K. SUMMARY ................................................................................................. 16 V. HOST COUNTRIES............................................................................................... 18 A. YEMEN ...................................................................................................... 18 B. LIBYA ........................................................................................................ 19 * * Principal of adr.governance.inc in Calgary, Alberta, Canada
CORRUPTION AND IMPROPER PAYMENTS: GLOBAL TRENDS AND APPLICABLE LAWS
Jul 06, 2023
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