Introduction Patterns of corruption vary from society to society and over time. This is particularly the case when we consider the “South”, the “Third World” or the developing countries. In order to understand the immense diversity of its origins, forms and effects across developing countries, we should examine the roles of both the internal 'stakeholders' in developing societies (such as politicians, business cliques and junior civil servants) as well as external actors (including western multinational companies and international financial institutions). In addition, reform strategies should take account of widely differing economic, legal and political contexts. Effective anti- corruption strategies need to be tailored to the social environment in which corruption occurs. As a result of this variety in patterns of corruption, there are problems in evaluating the current diversity of corruption and anti-corruption efforts; many advocate a single universal strategy to fight corruption. The intention of this chapter is to assess corruption and anti-corruption strategies in Botswana, Ecuador, Hong Kong and Tanzania, as well as attempts to reduce customs fraud in Mali and Senegal, in the light of such universal solutions. The chapter starts by outlining the current framework of governance and economic and political liberalisation within which many developing-country reform efforts are situated. This new reform agenda needs to be examined with reference to the huge upsurge in interest in reducing visible instances of public sector corruption in the late 1990s. Why has there been a 'corruption eruption' in recent years? The chapter subsequently outlines the key issues that need to be considered when combating corruption. A central section of the chapter considers the diversity of corruption and anti-corruption efforts found in the cases that were examined during the UNDP-PACT and OECD Development Centre Workshop. The concluding discussion focuses upon the major strategic choices required in designing a short-term, effective anti-corruption effort and reconsiders the universal solutions proposed. CORRUPTION AND ANTI-CORRUPTION STRATEGIES: ISSUES AND CASE STUDIES FROM DEVELOPING COUNTRIES ALAN DOIG AND STEPHEN RILEY CORRUPTION & INTEGRITY IMPROVEMENT INITIATIVES IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES 4 5 3.
CORRUPTION AND ANTI-CORRUPTION STRATEGIES: ISSUES AND CASE STUDIES FROM DEVELOPING COUNTRIES
Jul 06, 2023
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