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CORRELATIVE CONJUNCTIONS : PARALELYAPILAR
Bu balalar iki paradan oluurlar ve cmledeki farkl eleri
(isim,fiil,sfat,zarf,edat)birbirleriyle ilikilendirirler. Her iki
paray da cmlenin farkl yerlerinde kullanmanzgerekir. Paralel
yaplarda baladnz iki e birbirine paralel olmaldr. Yani elerden
birifiil ise dieri de fiil olmal, ya da elerden biri sfat ise dieri
de sfat olmal. Paralel yaplarolarak adlandrdmz bu balalar
kelimeleri, fikirleri, cmleleri ve paragraflar balamannen kolay
yoludur. Bu yaplar puan kazanmann da en kolay yoludur. Paralel
yaplarda basithata yapp puan kaybetmek de ok kolaydr. Tavsiyem
paralel yaplar ok iyi renmenizve essaylerinizde mutlaka (doru)
kullanmanz ynndedir.
1.both and : hem hem de
Both and paralel yaps hem zne hem de nesne pozisyonunda
kullanlabilir:
Both Ali and Aye enjoy watching movies. (zne pozisyonunda
kullanm)
Ali enjoys both sci-fi and sit-com TV shows. (Nesne pozisyonunda
kullanm)
Paralel yaplar kullanrken zne-fiil uyumuna dikkat etmeniz
gerekir:
Hata: Both the wrestling and weightlifting team has one common
goal.
Dorusu: Both the wrestling and weightlifting teams have one
common goal.
Paralel yaplar kullanrken elerin uyumuna dikkat etmeniz
gerekir:
Hata: My room is both beatiful and has a lot of space.
(both+sfat ve and+fiil paralellii
bozmaktadr)
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Dorusu: My room is both beatiful and spacious. (sfat+sfat)
Dorusu: My room is beautiful, and it has a lot of space. (ki
cmleyi bir coordinatingconjunction (fanboys) ile balayabilirsiniz.
Ancak yine paralellie dikkat edin ve virglunutmayn.)
Hata: We can find the ruins of The Byzantine Empire both in
Turkey and atGreece.
Dorusu: We can find the ruins of The Byzantine Empire both in
Turkey and inGreece.
Hata: The international community has to bring in emergency aid,
both in the form offood supplies and in technical assistance.
Dorusu: The international community has to bring in emergency
aid, both in the form offood supplies and of technical assistance.
(in the form of technical assistance yaps dadorudur. Zaten in the
form ortak olduu iin kullanlmayabilir)
2.not only but also : sadece bu deil ayn zamanda bu da
Fiilin tekil veya oul olduunu fiile yakn olan ismin tekil veya
oul olmasbelirler:
Not only my parents, but also my sister is fond of the new
living arrangements.
Not only my sister, but also my parents are fond of the new
living arrangements.
Not only but also balacn farkl ekilde kurgulayabilirsiniz:
Like the French Revolution, the Eastern European revolutions
brought down not only aregime, but also an empire.
Like the French Revolution, the Eastern European revolutions
brought down not only aregime, but an empire as well.
Like the French Revolution, the Eastern European revolutions
brought down not only a
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regime, but an empire.
Ortak olan zneyi tekrarlamadan iki cmleyi sadece fiille
balayabilirsiniz:
Steve Jobs, widely recognized as a charismatic pioneer of the
personal computerrevolution, not only led the way but also became
the most influential model of success.
Fiillerin uyumuna zellikle dikkat etmeniz gerekir:
Hata: Many people are not only driving with one hand, but also
talk on their cell phones.
Dorusu: Many people are not only driving with one hand, but also
talking on their cellphones.
Paralel yap ierisinde sralama yapabilirsiniz:
In the 1930s, not only novelists, poets and dramatists, but also
many athor people weredisillusioned by the reality of World War
I.
Paralel yaplar baz balalarla birlikte kullanabilirsiniz:
He was fired not only because of his tardiness, but also because
of his disloyalty.
Not only cmle banda kullanldnda devrik yap (soru cmlesi gibi)
kullanlr:
Normal yap: They robbed not only the their house, but also the
house next door.
Normal yap: They not only robbed the house, but also left a
thank you note.
Devrik yap: Not only did they rob the house, but they also left
a thank you note.
3.either or : ya ya da
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rnek kullanmlar:
-The various materials we see around us are either sunstances or
mixture of substances.
-Most studies have addressed either malignant tumours such as
glioma, orbenigntumours such as meningioma or acoustic neuroma.
Fiilin tekil veya oul olduunu fiile yakn olan ismin tekil veya
oul olmasbelirler:
Either Ali or his two roommates are responsible for the dent on
the closet.
Either his two roommates or Ali is responsible for the dent on
the closet.
elerin uyumuna dikkat edin:
Hata: You can either book your flight by phone or by e-mail.
(eitherdan sonra fiil var,ordan sonra ise isim)
Dorusu: You can book your flight either by phone or by e-mail.
(her ikisinde de isimkullanlmtr)
Paralel yaplar baz balalarla birlikte kullanabilirsiniz:
Either because of his limited face-to-face communication or
because he thought hiscommunication should be recorded in more
permanent form, the caveman eventuallybegan to draw his message on
the wall of the cave.
4.neither nor : ne ne de
rnek kullanmlar:
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Some vegetarians eat neither meat nor dairy products.
The influence on the artists and the intellectuals of the time
was neither social norscientific, but political.
elerin uyumuna dikkat edin:
Hata: Neither a money withdrawal nor making a payment is
possible without your debitcard.
Dorusu: Neither a money withdrawal nor a payment is possible
without your debit card.
Dorusu: Neither withdrawing money nor making a payment is
possible without yourdebit card.
Fiilin tekil veya oul olduunu fiile yakn olan ismin tekil veya
oul olmasbelirler:
Neither Ali nor his classmates are going to the party.
Neither his classmates nor Ali is going to the party.
Neither ve Either kullanmlar:
Neither student (tekil isim) is (tekil fiil) studious.
Either student (tekil isim) is (tekil fiil) diligent.
Neither of the students (oul isim) is (tekil fiil) studious.
Either of the students (oul isim) is (tekil fiil) diligent.
Olumsuz cmle: I dont like golf.
Cevap: Neither do I. (Ben de)
Cevap: I dont either. (Ben de)
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rnek kullanmlar:
-Both dyslexia and dyscalculia defy easy explanation. Neither
disorder is the result of faullyeyesight or hearing, both of which
can also delay language acquisiton but are easilycorrected.
-I dont know why but I have a craving for sweets, so Ill have
them both not only thechocolate-raspberry smoothie but also white
chocolate cheesecake.
5.whether or : olup olmadn / olsun veya olmasn / olsa da olmasa
da
Whether bala (conditional) olarak kullanlrsa or not genelde
atlamaz, isimcmleciklerinde (naun clause) ise whether ile birlikte
or not kullanmak isteebaldr:
I will go on vacation whether she comes or not. (Conitional)
I dont know whether she will come with me (or not). (Naun
clause)
If-whether kullanm fark:
I would like to know if it is a fact or a lie. (If balac art
sunar.)
I would like to know whether it is a fact or a lie. (whether
balac art sunar ve alternatifverir. Ayrca daha formal ve daha yaygn
kullanmdr.
Informal kullanm: I would like to know whether or not its a
fact.
Hatal kullanm: I would like to know if or not its a fact.
I wont forgive her whether she apologizes or not.
I wont forgive her even if she apologizes. (Anlam olarak
whether-or not ile even ifbalalar ok yakndr; ancak, even if
balacndan sonra or not kullanlmaz)
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wonder-question-doubt-ask-see-be-know-learn-say-understand-discuss-sure-
gibikelimeler ile whether balacn tercih edin:
I wonder whether it will rain (or not).
The question is whether youll agree (or not).
Im not sure whether we should accept the offer (or not).
Noun clause yapsnda sadece whether cmle banda kullanlr:
Whether you live or die is not their main concern.
Whether he will sign the contract is not certain yet.
Whether he will sign the contract or not is not certain yet.
Whether or not he will sign the contract is not certain yet.
Edatlardan sonra sadece whether kullanlr:
There is a dispute among scientists as to whether human parts
should be cloned. (as to :with regard to/with respect to.)
Your doubts as to whether the claims are true or not are
needless.
The company has yet to answer the question of whether it
approved the document.
The financial manager makes the decision on whether new
equipment needs to bepurchased.
People must claim their rights regardless of whether politicans
like it.
Many worry about whether they will be taken into custody for
claiming their rights.
Infinitive yap (to Vo) sadece whether ile kullanlr:
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He cannot decide whether to buy it now or wait for the
sales.
6.as as : kadar
As as paralel yaps olumlu cmlelerde iki e arasnda eitlik olduunu
gsterir.
as + sfatn yaln hali + as :
Ali is as old as Veli. (Eitlik olduu iin Veli is as old as Ali
cmlesiyle ayn anlamdadr.)
as + zarfn yaln hali + as :
Ali drives as carefully as Veli. (Eitlik olduu iin Veli drives
as carefully as Alicmlesiyle ayn anlamdadr.)
As as paralel yaps olumsuz cmlelerde iki e arasnda eitsizlik
olduunu gsterir. Budurumda asas yaps yerine soas yapsn da
kullanabiliriz.
Olumsuz + as + sfatn yaln hali + as :
Ali is not as old as Veli. (Ali is not so old as Veli ya da Veli
is older cmleleri de aynanlama gelir. Olumsuz cmlelerde elerin
yerlerini deitirirseniz anlam da deiir: Veli isnot as old as Ali
cmlesinde daha yal olan Alidir.)
You look tired at least not as energetic as usual.
Olumsuz + as + zarfn yaln hali + as :
Ali does not drive as carefully as Veli. (Ali does not drive so
carefully as Veli ya da Velidrives more carefully than Ali cmleleri
de ayn anlama gelir. Olumsuz cmlelerde elerinyerlerini
deitirirseniz anlam da deiir: Veli does not drive as carefully as
Ali cmlesindedaha dikkatli olan Alidir.)
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You are talking pretty fast at least not as slowly as you
usually do.
Miktar ifadeleriyle beraber kullanlabilir:
as many as ifadesini genelde rakam ve oul isim takip eder
Our body as many as 4 bottles of water every day.
The classroom seats as many as 15 students.
We need to seat as many students as possible.
There are as many people who can speak English as Chinese.
The laboratories in MIT are twice as many as the ones in
Harvard.
as much as ifadesini genelde saylamayan isimler takip eder.
Ancak zaman, para,mesafe, arlk veya saylamayan ktlelerle de miktara
vurgu yapt srece as much askullanlabilir.
I like football as much as the next guy.
The money she saved was as much as her brothers.
She saved as much money as her brother.
Because of his income, he spends half as much money as his
peers.
It can take as much as 3 days to get across Turkey by bus.
Some people can spend as much as ten thousand dollars on
everyday clothes. (as much asyerine up to ifadesini de
kullanabilirsiniz)
as far as ifadesini fikir ve referans vermek iin
kullanabilirsiniz. Geneldeknow,understand, tell, go, be concerned
fiillerinden nce kullanlrlar.
As far as Im concerned, the second one is a much better choice.
(fikir)
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As far as I know, he wont be able to make it to the party.
(fikir)
As far as I can tell, she doesnt want to come to the
party.(fikir/tahmin)
As far as art is concerned, Berlin is a place to see. (referans:
sanat sz konusuolduunda)
As far as social reasons are concerned,
As far as an invitation list for the party, I havent given much
thought. (fiilsiz dekullanabilirsiniz; ancak, bu konuma dili iin
daha geerlidir. Essaylerinizde cmle tercihinizfiilli olsun: As far
as an invitation list for the party is concerned, I havent given
muchthought.)
nearly/nowhere near/quite miktar ifadeleriyle kullanm:
Turkey isnt nearly as big as China. (in ok daha byk)
Turkey is nowhere near as big as China. ( in ok daha byk, kyas
bile edilemez)
My car isnt quite as fast as hers. (hz yakn ama onunki kadar hzl
deil)
the same as ifadesi iki enin ayn olduu durumlarda kullanlr.
This car is the same as that one. The only difference is the
price.
This car is the same as the one I wanted to buy.
7.just as so : tpk gibi da
Just as cmle banda kullanldnda genelde so ile paralellik
kurar:
Just as he is an infamous leader, so is his son.
Just as he is an infamous leader, so too is his son. (paralellii
glendirmek iin tooekelnebilir)
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Cmle ortasnda kullanldnda Just as paralellik iin yeterlidir:
The economy of Venezuela depends heavily on exporting oil, just
as the economy ofUnited States depends on petroleum imports.
Quantum theory specifies new rules for describing the universe,
just as it has introducednew ways of thinking about matter and
energy.
Just as yerine Just like ifadesi de kullanlabilir:
Just like daha informal kullanmdr ve dolaysyla konuma diline
daha uygundur.
Just like his father is an infamous leader, so is he.
He is an infamous leader, just like his father.
Just as zaman balac olarak da kullanlabilir.
ki olayn ayn anda olduunu belirtmek iin kullanlan while ve as
balalaryla eanlamldr. Ancak e anlamllarna kyasla daha fazla
aciliyet (tam bir ey yaplyorkenbaka bir ey oldu) bildirir.
Just as the phrase just as can be used as a corelative
conjuction to show similaritybetween two structures, it can also be
used as a subordinating conjunction todemonstrate that two events
take place at the same time. (bu rnekte benzerlie iareteden paralel
yapdr)
Just as I was walking out the door, I realized I forgot to turn
off the oven. (bu rnektezaman balac olarak kullanlmtr)
Just as I was finalizing my order on the website, I got
disconnected.
8.The more the more : ne kadar o kadar
Bir e arttka veya azaldka dier enin artmas veya azalmas durumlar
arasnda
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paralellik kurmak iin kullanlr.
The more you study, the more likely you will pass the test.
The more bread, the more meatballs.
9.so that / such that : o kadar ki
Bu iki paralel yap sebep-sonu veya etki-tepki ilikisi kurmak iin
kullanlr.
The book wassoexciting (sebep/eki) thatI couldnt wait to finish
it (sonu/tepki).
It was such an exciting book (sebep/eki) thatI couldnt wait to
finish it(sonu/tepki).
So + sfat/zarf + that
The book was so exciting that I couldnt wait to finish it.
She was so tired that she fell asleep as soon as she went to
bed.
Native speakers can speak so quickly that English learners find
it hard to understand them.
She has so much homework that she doesnt know what to do.
Such + (a/an) + (sfat) + isim that
She had such taste that eventually she became a food critic.
Dogs are such clever animals that they are used in the police
task force.
He is such a friend that I can always count on him.
It was such an exciting book that I couldnt wait to finish
it.
It was such a tiring day that she fell asleep as soon as she
went to bed.
She has such a lot of homework that she doesnt know what to
do.
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10.no sooner than / hardly when : olur olmaz / demeye kalmadan /
olmasyla olmas bir oldu
no sooner than ile hardly veya scarcely when yaplar zaman balac
gibikullanlrlar ve iki eylem arasnda geen srenin ok ksa olduunu
vurgularlar. Bubalamda as soon as ile e anlaml kalplardr. Genelde
past tense ile, zellikle pastperfect (had + V3) ile kullanlrlar.
Hardly ile e anlaml olan barely ve scarcely kelimeleride kullanlr
ve paralel yap yine when ile devam eder. Burada dikkat edilmesi
gereken konuthan ile when kelimelerinin yerlerini kartrmamaktr.
I had no sooner gone to bed than the doorbell rang. (Cmle ortas
normal yap)
No sooner had I gone to bed than the doorbell rang. (Cmle ba
devrik yap)
I had hardly gone to bed when the doorbell rang. (Cmle ortas
normal yap)
Hardly had I gone to bed when the doorbell rang. (Cmle ba devrik
yap)
I had scarcely gone to bed when the doorbell rang. (Cmle ortas
normal yap)
Scarcely had I gone to bed when the doorbell rang. (Cmle ba
devrik yap)
I had barely gone to bed when the doorbell rang. (Cmle ortas
normal yap)
Barely had I gone to bed when the doorbell rang. (Cmle ba devrik
yap)
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