Corrected lina momo iliyan air pollution 10 4

Kalcheva, Kalina

Razsolkov, Momchil

Georgiev, Iliyan

Section 10/4

Air Pollution

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Definition

General causes

Examples

Effects

Solutions

Air Pollution: Introduction

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Basic knowledge on air pollution

Definition: gases, dust, smells, fumes that are in harmful amounts

General causes: working factories (industrialization), increase in population (environmental->air), globalization

Examples: acid rain, smog, greenhouse effect (by methane mostly), burning fossil fuels

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http://www.tropical-rainforest-animals.com/air-pollution-data.html#sectors

Consists of microscopic material in the air, PM stands for particulate matter

Producers:

Friction and grinding processes of soil, rocks, or metals

Emissions from combustion processes,

Human activities

Effect: reduces the

distance at which we

can see the color,

clarity, and contrast

of far away objects

Polluters: PM 2.5

http://www.zmescience.com/research/studies/carbon-dioxide-and-pollution-dont-mix-well/attachment/smog-2/

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Particulates in the air as big as bacteria

Producers:

Exhaust emissions of cars or a fireplace, cigarette smoke (and many others similar)

Vegetation

Grinding, pulverizing (mining, quarrying, cement manufacturing

Effect: large on annual death rates,

PM10

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Main polluting gas

Sources:

Old cars

Power plants

Burning of fossil fuels

Impacts:

Oxides easily absorbed in water >> can harm fish

Forming acid rains from contaminated clouds

Vegetation harm

Sulfur Dioxide SO2

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Acid rainhttp://image.wistatutor.com/content/environmental-pollution/acid-rain.jpeg

main primary emission and rapidly oxidizes to NO2

Sources:

Burning fossil fuels or biomass

Nitrogen content of the fuel

Soil releases and lightning

Effect:

Acid rain

Soil overload of nutrients that deteriorates water quality

Atmospheric particles and global warming

Nitrogen oxidesNO

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Short-term health effects in the lungs

Irritate the respiratory system

Makes people more sensitive to allergens

Reduces the immune system's ability to fight off bacterial infections in the respiratory system

Ozone (O3) Health Effects

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Main sources of pollution in Bulgaria

Sulphur Dioxide Sources:

The three coal-fired power stations making up the Maritsa Iztok complex, the Maritsa 3 coal-fired power station in Dimitrovgrad

Llead and zinc factory at Kardzhali and the Republika coal-fired power station.

Burning of fossil fuels used for heating

Nitrogen:

Exhaust from vehicles in the major cities

PM10:

Industry, households and tansportation

Badly maintained roads and soil weathering

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http://timetocleartheair.com/wp-content/uploads/2009/01/air_pollution_map-s.jpg

What is being done to decrease air pollution in Bulgaria

Different directives and orders are being issued

Bringing large thermal installations in Bulgaria

Use of cleaner fuels

Sulphur filters and Coal-fired power stations

Closure of factories that do not meet the standards of EU

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Pollution from Cars

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Mexico City: The Most Air-Polluted City in the World

http://www.sbg.ac.at/ipk/avstudio/pierofun/mexico/air.htm

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General energy source burning fossil fuels

Automobile traffic; unregulated vehicles

Mexico Citys geographic location: situated between mountains, bad air gets trapped inside more easily (map on next slide )

Main Pollutants:

ozone (O3)

sulfur dioxide (SO2)

nitrogen oxides (NOX)

hydrocarbons (HC)

carbon monoxide (CO)

Causes of air pollution in Mexico City

http://www.marxsite.com/mexico_city.htm

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http://faculty.smu.edu/rkemper/anth_3311/ANTH_3311_mexico_topographic_map.htm

Health damage on people

Eye irritation

Asthma

Bronchial complaints

Even premature death

Damage on environment

Poor visibility gone from 100km to only 1.5km in about

60-70 years

Not all polluters are toxic, however they get trapped and cannot circulate (thermal invasion)

Effects on society, environment, etc

http://www.marxsite.com/mexico_city.htm

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Already succeeded in:

Less lead and sulfur in fuels;

Implementation of catalytic converters has become obligatory

Solutions in process:

Hoy no Circular! (today my car doesnt move) :Reduce the use of private vehicles:

Encouragement to use public transport

'Verification program': Control of vehicle conditions; enforcement of engine maintenance standards

Change of fuels: only small changes in gasoline quality have been accepted so far.

Solutions

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"Air Pollution in Mexico City, Smog, Health Effects, Fossile Fuels."Universitt Salzburg. Web. 08 Dec. 2010. http://www.sbg.ac.at/ipk/avstudio/pierofun/mexico/air.htm

"Air Pollution (Bulgaria)." Www.eea.europa.eu. European Environment Agency, Dec. 2007. Web. 11 Dec. 2010. .

"Air Pollution: Control, Statistics, Air Pollution, Mexico & Los Angeles EncycloMedia.com."Free Video Clips - Streaming Online Videos - EncycloMedia. Web. 08 Dec. 2010. .

"Bulgarian Air Most Polluted in Europe EU Business News - EUbusiness.com."EU Business News - EUbusiness.com. Web. 08 Dec. 2010.

Ignatova, Irina. "Air Pollution Causes." Rainforests, Rainforest Animals, Other Environmental Issues And Practical Environmental Solutions. Disclaimer, Nov. 2008. Web. 11 Dec. 2010. .

Works Cited

6. Hearse*, By Phil. "Mexico City - Envvironmental Crisis."Marxsite Start Page. Web. 08 Dec. 2010.

7. "Pollutants."ICSR - the Web Site. Web. 08 Dec. 2010. http://www.icsr.bas.bg/ICSRwebsite/departments/rdts/htdocs/pollutants_en.html

8. "The Types of Air Pollution." News & Articles On Air, Land And Water Pollution Causes, Effects And Solutions. StudioPress Theme, 18 June 2009. Web. 11 Dec. 2010. .