Corporate Safety –Tata Steel - ciiersafety.com Safety –Tata Steel Some facts of stress It is a normal feature of everyday life Most people suffer from it, from time to time Not

Corporate Safety –Tata Steel


Job stress and safety –

A Tata Steel Case Study

Dr. Sourav Kr. De


¤ What is stress ?


What is stress?

� Is like electricity or being in love: Every body

knows what it is but can’t define it.

� Stress is a negative and unpleasant condition

which may be experienced when a person

perceives that he is unable to meet the demands

and pressures that are placed on him, and which

may be associated with a range of ill effects on

health, both physiological and psychological.


Some facts of stress

� It is a normal feature of everyday life

� Most people suffer from it, from time to time

� Not all stress is bad

� What one person finds stressful may not affect

another

� Excess of demands over an individual’s ability to

cope

� Interaction between physical, social, personal

and environmental elements

� When stress is prolonged or continuous,

problems arise


Human Performance and stress

Stress Increasing stimulation

Boredom,Frustration

Optimum Performance

Effective Alert

Performance

Burn out


World scenario

• 50% of workers in industrialized countries judge their work to be mentally demanding (WHO, 2007)

• Globally 08% of depression has been attributed to environmental factors, in particular occupa-

tional stress ( Pruss-Ustun,Corvalan , 2006 )

• Prevalence of stress, depression or anxiety, in the UK, in 2009- 10 is 0.435 million (out of 1.3 million self-reported work related ill health ) [for people working in the last 12 months]

( The Health and Safety Executive Statistics, 2009 /10)


¤ Medical aspects of stress


The stress reaction

From the adrenal medulla

Catecholamines

• Adrenaline

• Noradrenaline

From the adrenal cortex

Glucocorticoids

• Cortisol

• Corticosterone


Effects

• Dilatation of the pupils

• Acceleration of the heartbeat and rise in BP

• Constriction of the blood vessels of the skin

• Rise in blood glucose and free fatty acids level

• Relaxation of bronchial smooth muscles

• Rise in body metabolic rate

• Anti-inflammatory and anti-allergic action

• Sweating, dryness of mouth

• Increase in muscle tension

‘Flight’ or ‘Fight’ responses


Chronic stress

When exposure to stress does not decrease and

continues over prolong periods of time, the body

does not get enough time to recover. The immu-

ne system is impaired and a host of physical and

mental disorders can affect the person


• ↑ risk of cardiovascular diseases

• ↑ risk of diabetes

• ↑ risk of musculo-skeletal disorders

• ↑ risk of psychological disorders

• ↑ risk of workplace injury

• ↑ risk of gastro-intestinal disorders

• ↑ risk of reproductive disorders

• ↑ risk of substance abuse

Long term health risks of

chronic stress


Some research findings :

How bad can stress be?

• High job demands may result in 07 times higher risk for emotional exhaustion(Houtman et al, 1998)

• Low co- worker support may result in 02 times higher risk for back, neck and shoulder problems (Ariens et al,2001; Hoogendoom et al 2000 )

• Low job control may result in 02 times higher risk for cardiovascular mortality (Kivimaki et al 2002)

• High strain may result in 03 times higher risk for

hypertensive morbidity ( Belkic et al, 2004 )


Case study - Job Stress measurement

of the Crane Operators of LD # 2 &

SC and Risk Evaluation


Crane Related Accidents in LD#2(2006 – 2009)


Tools used for Job

Stress Measurement

● Questionnaire study

●Workplace checklist

● Hypothesis testing

● Use of Fuzzy logic


The Job Stress has been identified as a Fuzzy Function of the following parameters :

•Family Related Stress

•Stress due to Anatomical and Body Factors

•Stress due to Psychological Factors

•Stress due to Psycho-Social Factors

•Stress due to Noise

•Stress due to Vibration

•Stress due to Excessive Temperature and Humidity

•Stress due to Smoke

•Stress due to Restricted Visibility

•Stress due to Glare

Mathematically,

Job Stress = f ( [S 1 .W1 ] , [S 2 . W2 ] , [S 3 . W3 ] ,……………… ,[S 10 . W10 ] )

Where,

Si � The relative weightage of factor ‘ i ‘ contributing to Job Stress from the participants’ perspective

Wi � The measured relative impact of the factor ‘ i ‘ obtained from the Physical Environment .

‘ i ’ = ( 1 , 2 , 3 , …….. 10 )

Hence, Job Stress could be taken as a Fuzzy Summation of every Parameter’s Measured value multiplied by its

Weightage

Job Stress = f ( ∑’ [S i . Wi ] ) , where, ∑’ � Fuzzy Summation

Identifying Fuzzy Based Job Stress Function


Defining the Fuzzy Based Job Stress Function

Family Related Family Related

Anatomical and Body FactorsAnatomical and Body Factors

Psychological FactorsPsychological Factors

Psycho-Social FactorsPsycho-Social Factors

NoiseNoise

Human System Human System

Job StressJob Stress

HeatHeat

SmokeSmoke

VibrationVibration

GlareGlare

Restricted VisibilityRestricted Visibility

Work Place Work Place

The stress was calculated on a scale of 5 and this was a cumulative

outcome of every individual parameter identified earlier (for each

parameter, both the measured Physical Environmental Value and the

Perceived Value from the survey were considered.)


Factors Weights from

Human System

Weights from

Work Place Net Impact

Human Factors’

Perception

Family Related 2.5939 0.519 1.352

Anatomical and Body 2.667 0.50612 1.35

Psycho-Social 2.1628 0.454 0.98

Psychological 3.22 0.644 2.07

Environmental

Factors’

Perception

Noise 3.75 0.728 2.73

Heat 3.075 0.738 2.27

Smoke 2.5 0.79 1.975

Vibration 2.083 0.65 1.35

Glare 4.5 0.788 3.546

Restricted Visibility 4.5 0.814 3.663

WBGT 3.5 0.738 2.583

Then, the contribution of the measured values which were to be fed were multiplied by their respective weightage from section ( model) to get the net impact values. This helped in accounting for the operators’ perception and also the actual conditions.

Input feeding


After multiplication , the net impact values were fed

into the Fuzzy Model developed . These Inputs were

fuzzified according to the membership functions and

hence an output was being obtained on a scale of 5.

Job Stress Value = 2.13 ( Medium Value Of Job

Stress )

Results


Parameter Changed Indirect changes in other parameters due to interlinkingChange in the Job

Stress Value

Family Related no other factor changed 0.09

Anatomical and Body no other factor changed 0.09

Psycho- social no other factor changed 0.08

Psychological no other factor changed 0.06

Noise Noise reduced psychological stress reduced 0.1

Heat Temperature reduced psychological stress reduced 0.1

Smoke Smoke reduced psychological stress reduced , effects on body

anatomy reduced0.1

Vibration Vibration reduced psychological stress reduced , effects on body

anatomy reduced0.1

Glare Glare reduced visibility improves psychological stress reduced and

effects on body anatomy reduced0.57

Restricted Visibility Visibility Improved Psychological stresses reduced . 0.62

RELATIVE BENEFITS

Restricted Visibility > Glare > Vibration = Smoke = Heat = Noise > Psychological Human Factors

If All the Physical Factors Targeted

Change in Job Stress Value = 0.96

Practical Sensitivity AnalysisRelative benefits of changing a particular parameter towards

job stress


Suggestions/Recommendations

● Electronic signalling system, having memory

→ ↓ fear factor among crane operators

● Photochromic glasses to replace the two front glass panes →↓ glare

● Automatic glass wiper → improved visibility

● Dedicated channel of walkie-talkie→block unwanted noise

● Ergonomically designed cabin and control panel

■↓ heat and vibration

■ improved entry, exit and visibility

● Safety induction, improved rest room conditions,regular

meeting with higher authority, salary/ grade revision

Corporate Safety –Tata Steel 23

Impact of suggestions can be measured in terms of

improvement factor.

Improvement Factor can be formulated as follows:

Impact of suggestionson Job Stress

Corporate Safety –Tata Steel 24

Suggestion Factors Influenced Job Stress Improvement

Factor

Electronic signalling system Visibility ▲ , psychological stress ▼1.51 1.412

Dedicated Walkie Talkie Channel Noise ▼ , psychological stress ▼2.03 1.05

Signalling solution along with dedicated

Walkie Talkie channel

Psychological stress ▼1.34 1.6

Photochromatic glass panes through

which charging hot metal is viewed

Glare ▼� eye problems ▼, psychological

stress ▼ 1.56 1.37

Sealing and repairing the Cabin

Visibility ▲ , psychological stress ▼, smoke /

heat ▼ 1.76 1.21

Automatic Glass Wiper Visibility ▲ , psychological stress ▼1.96 1.09

Ergonomically designed cabin Vibration ▼ , psychological stress ▼ , effects

on body anatomy ▼ 2.03 1.043

Salary Increment Family related Stress ▼2.04 1.044

Better attitude in terms of respect by the

management.

Psycho-social stress ▼2.07 1.028

Improvement factor of every

suggestion proposed


THANK YOU

Corporate Safety –Tata Steel - ciiersafety.com Safety –Tata Steel Some facts of stress It is a normal feature of everyday life Most people suffer from it, from time to time Not

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