1 09-2007 Power Transmission and Distribution PTD H 1 MT/Re Power Transmission and Distribution Prospects of FACTS Technologies for Power Transmission Enhancement 1 09-2007 2007 Karl Uecker Dietmar Retzmann Juergen Lottes Dietmar Saubach PTD H 1 MT/Re
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1 09-2007 Power Transmission and DistributionPTD H 1 MT/Re Power Transmission and Distribution
Prospects of FACTS Technologies for Power Transmission Enhancement
1 09-2007
200720072007
Karl UeckerDietmar RetzmannJuergen Lottes Dietmar Saubach
PTD H 1 MT/Re
2 09-2007 Power Transmission and DistributionPTD H 1 MT/Re
Electrical Energy is the Backbone of our Society …
… today and in Future
2 09-2007 Power Transmission and DistributionPTD H 1 MT/Re
3 09-2007 Power Transmission and DistributionPTD H 1 MT/Re
Power System Development: The Key-Issue –How to avoid Bottlenecks
PrivatisationGlobalisation/Liberalisation
Deregulation - Privatization: Opening of the Markets, Independent Transmission Companies ITCs, Regional Transmission Organisations RTOs
Problem of uncontrolled Loop FlowsOverloading & Excess of allowed SCC* LevelsSystem Instabilities & Outages
System Enhancement & Interconnections:Higher Voltage Levels **New Transmission TechnologiesRenewable Energies
** Example UCTE: 400 kV is in fact too low** Example UCTE: 400 kV is in fact too low
* SCC = Short-Circuit Current
for CO2 Reduction
PrivatisationBottlenecks inTransmission
Investments inPower Systems
4 09-2007 Power Transmission and DistributionPTD H 1 MT/Re
Elimination of Bottlenecks in Transmission -Prevention of Overloads and Outages
Load Displacement by Series Compensation
Load Management by HVDC
Short-Circuit Current Limitation for Connection of new Power Plants
SVC & HVDC for Prevention of Voltage Collapse
* PTDF = Power Transfer Distribution Factor
The FACTS & HVDC “Application Guide”
*
5 09-2007 Power Transmission and DistributionPTD H 1 MT/Re
VL
V1V2
δ
PPVV11
XXG ~ G ~
,, δ1II
VV22,, δ2
where VV11 = VV22 , δ = δ1 - δ2
V V 22
XXPP == sinsin δ
VC
without Compensation
-- XXCC
Series Compensation
BenefitsReduction in Transmission AngleIncrease in Transmission Capacity
XXCC
1st Step: Influence of Series Compensation
V1 V2
δ
with Compensation
6 09-2007 Power Transmission and DistributionPTD H 1 MT/Re
2nd Step: Improvement in Voltage Profile with SVC
230 kV - 300 km
V1
Grid
with SVC
a) b) c) d)1.2
1.1
1.0
0.9
0.8
V2
V2N
The maximal Voltage ControlRange depends on:
a) Heavy Load
b) Light Load
c) Outage of 1 Line(at full Load)
d) Load Rejectionat Bus 2
System Conditions:
SVC
V2
Load
(var. Slope)
QSVC/SCP *
without SVC
* SCP = Short-Circuit Power (System MVA)
7 09-2007 Power Transmission and DistributionPTD H 1 MT/Re
Wind Power Generation during a Week of maximum Load in the E.ON Grid – Example of Germany Source: E.ON - 2003
Problems with Wind Power Generationo Wind Generation varies stronglyo It can not follow the Load Requirements
Additional Reserve Capacityis required
This will be a big Issue both in the German Grid Development and worldwide
8 09-2007 Power Transmission and DistributionPTD H 1 MT/Re
8 09-2007 Power Transmission and DistributionPTD H 1 MT/Re
Germany: Voltage Profile at a 3-phase Fault
Loss of WG
170 MW1,130 MW2,160 MW2,700 MW
≤ 40 %≤ 50 %≤ 60 %≤ 70 %
Voltage
Outage of 2,700 MW Wind Power Generation
Source: E.ON 2002
Voltage Collapse – and a large Blackout
System Configuration
Simulation Results:
1 puVoltage
Voltage Support essential
9 09-2007 Power Transmission and DistributionPTD H 1 MT/Re
FACTSFACTSPower Quality
in High Voltage
AC Systems
Flexible AC Transmission Systems
9 Power Transmission and DistributionPTD H 1 MT/Re09-2007
10 09-2007 Power Transmission and DistributionPTD H 1 MT/Re
FACTS - Flexible AC Transmission Systems: Support of Power FlowSVC – Static Var Compensator* (The Standard of Shunt Compensation)SVC PLUS (= STATCOM - Static Synchr. Compensator, with VSC) FSC – Fixed Series Compensation TCSC – Thyristor Controlled Series Compensation*TPSC – Thyristor Protected Series Compensation**GPFC – Grid Power Flow Controller* (FACTS-B2B)UPFC – Unified Power Flow Controller (with VSC)
TCSC/TPSC
FSC
ACAC
/ TPSC
/ STATCOMSVC
ACAC
Advanced Power Transmission Systems
GPFC/UPFC
AC AC
/ UPFC
* with LT Thyristors** with special High
Power LT Thyristors
and SCCL **for Short-Circuit Current Limitation
11 09-2007 Power Transmission and DistributionPTD H 1 MT/Re
Application of SVC – Pelham, UK
Benefits:o Improvement in Voltage Qualityo Increased Stability
400 kV, 50 Hz
Voltage Control Reactive Power ControlPower Oscillation DampingUnbalance Control (Option)
19912 parallel SVCs
Deregulation caused Transmission Problems
Europe: UK goes ahead withFACTS – 27 SVCs
12 09-2007 Power Transmission and DistributionPTD H 1 MT/Re
SVC Bom Jesus da Lapa, Enelpower, Brazil500 kV, +/-250 MVAr – Containerized Solution
2002
Valves & Control
Benefits:o Improvement in Voltage Qualityo Increased Stabilityo Avoidance of Outages
13 09-2007 Power Transmission and DistributionPTD H 1 MT/Re
SVC Siems – the 1st HV SVC in Germany
2004
HVDC: Power Increase – from 450 MW to 600 MW
634,000 tons p.a.Reduction in CO2:
by means of the SVCSiems – in Germany,for Baltic Cable HVDC
The Problem: no Right-of-Way for 400 kV ACGrid Access of Baltic Cable HVDC – only 110 kV
HVDC and FACTS in parallel Operation
Very high Requirementsfor Noise Abatement
14 09-2007 Power Transmission and DistributionPTD H 1 MT/Re
SVC Radsted – an innovative indoor Solution *
14 09-2007 Power Transmission and DistributionPTD H 1 MT/Re
HVDC Storebælt
Customer:SEAS-NVE Holding A/S
System Data:Rating 80 MVAr cap.
65 MVAr ind.Voltage 132 kVConfiguration TCR + FC
12-Pulse
* Extremely high Requirements for Noise Abatement
SVC Radsted
15 09-2007 Power Transmission and DistributionPTD H 1 MT/Re
TCR Reactors, Thyristor Valve & Filters
Power Transmission and Distribution15 09-2007 PTD H 1 MT/Re15 09-2007 PTD H 1 MT/Re
16 09-2007 Power Transmission and DistributionPTD H 1 MT/Re
Outdoor: Only Switchgear
16 09-2007 Power Transmission and DistributionPTD H 1 MT/Re
& Cooling Systems
17 09-2007 Power Transmission and DistributionPTD H 1 MT/Re
Benefits of SVC Radsted – Denmark
Power Transmission and Distribution17 09-2007
174,000 tons p.a. – by using Wind Power … and SVC for Voltage Support
Reduction in CO2
PTD H 1 MT/Re
and even more – in Future
2006
18 09-2007 Power Transmission and DistributionPTD H 1 MT/Re
Powerlink – Australia, Refurbishment of 10 SVCs for Voltage Support in a Traction Supply Network
Oonooie SVC
Grantleigh SVC
Mining CoalCoal Mining
Coal Hauling
Examples
Security of Transportation Systems
19 09-2007 Power Transmission and DistributionPTD H 1 MT/Re
Powerlink – Australia, Refurbishment of 10 SVCs for Voltage Support in a Traction Supply Network
2007
9 SVCs with Advanced 48 hrs containerized Solution1 SVC with Standard Refurbishment Solution
Railway Line
275 kV AC Line132 kV AC Line
Siemens is an Expert in Refurbishment of Valves & Controls
20 09-2007 Power Transmission and DistributionPTD H 1 MT/Re
9 QR SVCs – using the Advanced 48 hrs containerized Solution
A unique Solution – for very fast Re-Energization of the existing SVC Components (Transformers, Reactors, Capacitors, Filters etc.
21 09-2007 Power Transmission and DistributionPTD H 1 MT/Re
9 QR SVCs – the Advanced 48 hrs containerized Solution
Examples of Cable Crossbonding:Highly important
22 09-2007 Power Transmission and DistributionPTD H 1 MT/Re
After 48 hrs – Step 1 finished and all SVC Functions available
Work is done –and the SVC operates properly
Step 2:
4 Weeks for full Refurbishment of Valves, Controls & Protection in the SVC Building
Step 3:
48 hrs for Disconnection of SVC Container and Energization of the fully refurbished QR SVC
Container ready fornext QR SVC Plant
Excellent Workof a great Team
23 09-2007 Power Transmission and DistributionPTD H 1 MT/Re
FACTS for Series Compensation – The TalaTCSC Project: Bulk Hydro Power from Bhutan to Delhi Area