Data as reported by national authorities by 10:00 CET 31 March 2020 Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) Situation Report – 71 HIGHLIGHTS • No new countries/territories/areas reported cases of COVID-19 in the past 24 hours. • As mentioned by the Director-General in his regular media briefing yesterday, ensuring free movement of essential health products is vital for saving lives and curbing the social and economic impacts of the pandemic. WHO is working intensively with partners to increase access to life-saving products, including diagnostics, PPE, medical oxygen, ventilators and more. For more information: https://www.who.int/dg/speeches/detail/who-director-general- s-opening-remarks-at-the-media-briefing-on-covid-19---30-march-2020 • Operations support and logistics continues to monitor critical markets and in partnership with the Pandemic Supply Chain Network, has increased engagement and coordination with private companies. Since the beginning of the outbreak, OSL has shipped more than 800 000 surgical masks, 54 000 N95 masks, 873 000 globes, 15 000 goggles and 24 000 face shields to 75 countries. OSL has also shipped COVID-19 testing kits to 126 countries. For more details, please see ‘subject in focus’. Figure 1. Countries, territories or areas with reported confirmed cases of COVID-19, 31 March 2020 SITUATION IN NUMBERS total (new) cases in last 24 hours Globally 750 890 confirmed (57 610) 36 405 deaths (3301) Western Pacific Region 104 868 confirmed (1093) 3671 deaths (22) European Region 423 946 confirmed (31 131) 26 694 deaths (2733) South-East Asia Region 4215 confirmed (131) 166 deaths (8) Eastern Mediterranean Region 50 349 confirmed (4020) 2954 deaths (142) Region of the Americas 163 014 confirmed (20 935) 2836 deaths (379) African Region 3786 confirmed (300) 77 deaths (17) WHO RISK ASSESSMENT Global Level Very High
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Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) · 3/31/2020 · Western Pacific Region 104 868 confirmed (1093) 3671 deaths (22) European Region 423 946 confirmed (31 131) 26 694 deaths (2733)
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Data as reported by national authorities by 10:00 CET 31 March 2020
Bolivia (Plurinational State of) 97 23 5 5 Local transmission 0
Trinidad and Tobago 82 6 3 0 Local transmission 0
Paraguay 64 5 3 0 Local transmission 0
Guatemala 36 2 1 0 Local transmission 0
Jamaica 36 4 1 0 Local transmission 0
Barbados 33 7 0 0 Local transmission 0
El Salvador 30 6 0 0 Local transmission 0
Haiti 15 0 0 0 Imported cases only 1
Bahamas 14 4 0 0 Local transmission 0
Cayman Islands 12 4 1 0 Imported cases only 0
Grenada 9 2 0 0 Local transmission 0
Saint Lucia 9 5 0 0 Local transmission 0
Guyana 8 3 1 0 Local transmission 0
Suriname 8 0 0 0 Imported cases only 3
Antigua and Barbuda 7 0 0 0 Imported cases only 3
Nicaragua 4 0 1 0 Imported cases only 2
Belize 3 1 0 0 Local transmission 0
Saint Kitts and Nevis 2 0 0 0 Imported cases only 0
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 1 0 0 0 Imported cases only 18
Territories**
Puerto Rico 174 110 6 4 Imported cases only 0
Martinique 111 6 2 0 Local transmission 0
Guadeloupe 106 10 4 2 Imported cases only 0
Aruba 50 4 0 0 Local transmission 0
French Guiana 43 12 0 0 Local transmission 0
United States Virgin Islands 30 8 0 0 Imported cases only 0
Bermuda 22 0 0 0 Local transmission 1
Saint Martin 18 12 1 1 Under investigation 0
Curaçao 11 4 1 0 Imported cases only 0
Dominica 11 0 0 0 Local transmission 4
Saint Barthélemy 6 1 0 0 Under investigation 0
Sint Maarten 6 3 0 0 Imported cases only 0
Montserrat 5 0 0 0 Imported cases only 3
Turks and Caicos Islands 5 1 0 0 Local transmission 0
Anguilla 2 0 0 0 Local transmission 4
British Virgin Islands 2 0 0 0 Imported cases only 4
African Region
South Africa 1326 46 3 2 Local transmission 0
Algeria 511 57 31 2 Local transmission 0
Burkina Faso 246 24 12 9 Local transmission 0
Cote d’Ivoire 169 4 0 0 Local transmission 0
Senegal 162 20 0 0 Local transmission 0
Ghana 152 0 5 0 Local transmission 1
Cameroon 139 26 6 4 Local transmission 0
Nigeria 111 46 1 0 Local transmission 0
Mauritius 107 5 2 0 Local transmission 0
Democratic Republic of the Congo 98 17 8 0 Local transmission 0
Rwanda 70 0 0 0 Local transmission 1
Madagascar 46 9 0 0 Imported cases only 0
Kenya 38 13 1 0 Local transmission 0
Zambia 35 19 0 0 Local transmission 0
Togo 34 6 1 0 Local transmission 0
Uganda 33 0 0 0 Local transmission 1
Ethiopia 23 2 0 0 Local transmission 0
Niger 20 0 3 0 Local transmission 1
Congo 19 0 0 0 Imported cases only 3
United Republic of Tanzania 19 5 0 0 Under investigation 0
Mali 18 0 0 0 Local transmission 2
Guinea 16 0 0 0 Local transmission 1
Equatorial Guinea 14 1 0 0 Local transmission 0
Namibia 11 0 0 0 Imported cases only 1
Eswatini 9 0 0 0 Imported cases only 3
Mozambique 8 0 0 0 Local transmission 2
Seychelles 8 0 0 0 Imported cases only 1
Gabon 7 0 1 0 Imported cases only 3
Benin 6 0 0 0 Imported cases only 4
Central African Republic 6 0 0 0 Imported cases only 3
Eritrea 6 0 0 0 Imported cases only 4
Cabo Verde 5 0 1 0 Imported cases only 3
Chad 5 0 0 0 Imported cases only 4
Mauritania 5 0 0 0 Imported cases only 2
Zimbabwe 5 0 1 0 Local transmission 3
Gambia 3 0 1 0 Imported cases only 2
Liberia 3 0 0 0 Local transmission 9
Angola 2 0 0 0 Imported cases only 9
Guinea-Bissau 2 0 0 0 Imported cases only 5
Territories**
Réunion 207 0 0 0 Local transmission 1
Mayotte 82 0 0 0 Local transmission 1
Subtotal for all regions
750178 57610 36398 3301
International conveyance (Diamond Princess)
712 0 7 0 Local transmission 15
Grand total 750890 57610 36405 3301 *Numbers include both domestic and repatriated cases †The designations employed and the presentation of the material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of WHO concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. Dotted and dashed lines on maps represent approximate border lines for which there may not yet be full agreement.
‡Case classifications are based on WHO case definitions for COVID-19. §Transmission classification is based on WHO analysis of available official data and may be subject to reclassification as additional data become available. Countries/territories/areas experiencing multiple types of transmission are classified in the highest category for which there is evidence; they may be removed from a given category if interruption of transmission can be demonstrated. It should be noted that even within categories, different countries/territories/areas may have differing degrees of transmission as indicated by the differing numbers of cases and other factors. Not all locations within a given country/territory/area are equally affected. Terms:
- Community transmission is evidenced by the inability to relate confirmed cases through chains of transmission for a large number of cases, or by increasing positive tests through sentinel samples (routine systematic testing of respiratory samples from established laboratories).
- Local transmission indicates locations where the source of infection is within the reporting location. - Imported cases only indicates locations where all cases have been acquired outside the location of reporting.
- Under investigation indicates locations where type of transmission has not been determined for any cases. - Interrupted transmission indicates locations where interruption of transmission has been demonstrated (details to be determined)
** “Territories” include territories, areas, overseas dependencies and other jurisdictions of similar status [1] All references to Kosovo should be understood to be in the context of the United Nations Security Council resolution 1244 (1999). Due to differences in reporting methods, retrospective data consolidation, and reporting delays, the number of new cases may not always reflect the exact difference between yesterday’s and today’s totals. WHO COVID-19 Situation Reports present official counts of confirmed COVID-19 cases, thus differences between WHO reports and other sources of COVID-19 data using different inclusion criteria and different data cutoff times are to be expected.
Figure 1. Epidemic curve of confirmed COVID-19, by date of report and WHO region through 31 March 2020
STRATEGIC OBJECTIVES WHO’s strategic objectives for this response are to:
• Interrupt human-to-human transmission including reducing secondary infections among close contacts and health care workers, preventing transmission amplification events, and preventing further international spread*;
• Identify, isolate and care for patients early, including providing optimized care for infected patients;
• Identify and reduce transmission from the animal source;
• Address crucial unknowns regarding clinical severity, extent of transmission and infection, treatment options, and accelerate the development of diagnostics, therapeutics and vaccines;
• Communicate critical risk and event information to all communities and counter misinformation;
• Minimize social and economic impact through multisectoral partnerships. *This can be achieved through a combination of public health measures, such as rapid identification, diagnosis and management of the cases, identification and follow up of the contacts, infection prevention and control in health care settings, implementation of health measures for travelers, awareness-raising in the population and risk communication.
PREPAREDNESS AND RESPONSE
• To view all technical guidance documents regarding COVID-19, please go to this webpage.
• WHO has developed interim guidance for laboratory diagnosis, advice on the use of masks during home care and
in health care settings in the context of the novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) outbreak, clinical management,
infection prevention and control in health care settings, home care for patients with suspected novel
coronavirus, risk communication and community engagement and Global Surveillance for human infection with
novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV).
• WHO is working closely with International Air Transport Association (IATA) and have jointly developed a
guidance document to provide advice to cabin crew and airport workers, based on country queries. The
guidance can be found on the IATA webpage.
• WHO has been in regular and direct contact with Member States where cases have been reported. WHO is also
informing other countries about the situation and providing support as requested.
• WHO is working with its networks of researchers and other experts to coordinate global work on surveillance,
epidemiology, mathematical modelling, diagnostics and virology, clinical care and treatment, infection
prevention and control, and risk communication. WHO has issued interim guidance for countries, which are
updated regularly.
• WHO has prepared a disease commodity package that includes an essential list of biomedical equipment,
medicines and supplies necessary to care for patients with 2019-nCoV.
• WHO has provided recommendations to reduce risk of transmission from animals to humans.
• WHO has published an updated advice for international traffic in relation to the outbreak of the novel
coronavirus 2019-nCoV.
• WHO has activated the R&D blueprint to accelerate diagnostics, vaccines, and therapeutics.
• OpenWHO is an interactive, web-based, knowledge-transfer platform offering online courses to improve the
response to health emergencies. COVID-19 courses can be found here and courses in additional national
languages here. Specifically, WHO has developed online courses on the following topics:
o A general introduction to emerging respiratory viruses, including novel coronaviruses (available in
after the onset of symptoms of a probable or confirmed case:
1. Face-to-face contact with a probable or confirmed case within 1 meter and for more than 15 minutes;
2. Direct physical contact with a probable or confirmed case;
3. Direct care for a patient with probable or confirmed COVID-19 disease without using proper personal
protective equipment1; OR
4. Other situations as indicated by local risk assessments.
Note: for confirmed asymptomatic cases, the period of contact is measured as the 2 days before through the 14 days
after the date on which the sample was taken which led to confirmation.
1 World Health Organization. Infection prevention and control during health care when COVID-19 is suspected https://www.who.int/publications-detail/infection-prevention-and-control-during-health-care-when-novel-coronavirus-(ncov)-infection-is-suspected-20200125