Norka Marcano Balliache March 10, 2021 Reservoir fluid Geochemistry Analysis and Data Interpretation CORING AND CORE ANALYSIS: CHALLENGES AND BEST PRACTICES Virtual Workshop Series (Feb, Mar & Apr 2021) SPWLA SAUDI ARABIA CHAPTER (SAC) 9 th Topical Workshop
32
Embed
CORING AND CORE ANALYSIS – Challenges and Best Practices
This document is posted to help you gain knowledge. Please leave a comment to let me know what you think about it! Share it to your friends and learn new things together.
Transcript
Norka Marcano Balliache
March 10, 2021
Reservoir fluid Geochemistry Analysis and Data
Interpretation
CORING AND CORE ANALYSIS: CHALLENGES AND BEST PRACTICESVirtual Workshop Series (Feb, Mar & Apr 2021)
SPWLA SAUDI ARABIA CHAPTER (SAC)
9th Topical Workshop
2
SPWLA SAC WORKSHOP - CORING AND CORE ANALYSIS: CHALLENGES AND BEST PRACTICES
Why Do Operators Need Petroleum Geochemistry?
Origin of hydrocarbons
Generation and migration
In-reservoir processes
• Biodegradation
• Gas and water washing
• Evaporative loss
• Thermochemical sulfate reduction (TSR)
• Oil-to-gas cracking (OTGC)
Present-day hydrocarbons distribution in the field
• Gradients and compartments
• To understand controls on fluids properties distribution in reservoirs
UnconventionalConventional
SPWLA SAC WORKSHOP - CORING AND CORE ANALYSIS: CHALLENGES AND BEST PRACTICES
Core Cuttings
Wellhead
Source Rock Characterization
/Petroleum System
Oil-Source Rock & Oil-Oil Correlation
Petroleum Migration / Charge History
Isotubes
STO Oil shows
Oil Biodegradation Risk Assessment
BHS Separator Wellhead
Reservoir Continuity/Gradients
Control on physical properties
Characterization of tar mats
Core
In-reservoir Alteration:
Oil Biodegrading
TSR
Thermal alteration
Exploration Appraisal
BHS Separator Wellhead
Reservoir Conectivity
Production Allocation
Time-lapse Studies (monitoring)
Forensic Studies (e.g. leaks)
Production
Seal Integrity Assessment / Contacts
STO STOCore
Sampling and Analytical Methods
Samples: surface and downhole samples, produced gases, oils and waters,
core/cuttings (extracts) – small samples (a few grams)
Analytical Techniques: Rock pyrolysis, Fingerprinting by gas
chromatography, gas chromatography coupled to other tools, Isotopic
composition, bulk properties
SPWLA SAC WORKSHOP - CORING AND CORE ANALYSIS: CHALLENGES AND BEST PRACTICES
Exploration (& Unconventionals)- Source Rock Geochemistry
– Rock Eval Pyrolysis, TOC – screening techniques of large number of samples;
preliminary est. of maturity, generating potential of source rocks
– Organic petrography, pyrolysis-GC (GC/MS), micro-FTIR –kerogen typing and its chemistry, maturity
– Biomarkers on solvent extracts from source rocks (e.g., GC/MS) –
in depth information about origin, sedimentary facies, maturity
– Kerogen separation in combination with above – density and detailed description of individual macerals
– Kerogen kinetics – fundamental for basin modeling
SPWLA SAC WORKSHOP - CORING AND CORE ANALYSIS: CHALLENGES AND BEST PRACTICES
S2 (mg HC/g rock)
Oven Temperature
S1 (mg HC/g rock)
Tmax
Hydrogen Index
HI = (S2 /TOC) x 100
Oxygen Index
OI = (S3 /TOC) x 100
S3 (mg CO2/g rock)
Time
Biomarker Guide, p. 77
Vinci Technologies
Rock-Eval Basics and Important Parameters
SPWLA SAC WORKSHOP - CORING AND CORE ANALYSIS: CHALLENGES AND BEST PRACTICES
Quality TOC (%)Rock Eval S2
(mg HC/g rock) EOM Wt % HC (ppm)
None < 0.5 < 2 < 0.05 < 200
Poor 0.5 -1 2 - 3 0.05 - 0.1 200-500
Fair 1-2 0.1-0.2 500-800
Good 2-5 5 - 10 > 0.2 > 1200
Very Good > 5
3 - 5
> 10 - -
Product Type Hydrogen Index
Gas 50- 200
Gas & Oil 200 - 300
Oil > 300
Stage Tmax
Onset Oil
Type I #
Type II
Type III
~ 445 °C
Onset Gas ~ 460 °C
~ 435 °C~ 440 °C
Source Rock Evaluation Criteria
SPWLA SAC WORKSHOP - CORING AND CORE ANALYSIS: CHALLENGES AND BEST PRACTICES
Rock Extracts and Fluid Samples: Fluids History from Charge to