CORE JULY 28, 2011 What is RTI? (and why is it getting a bad rap?)
Dec 29, 2015
The next two hours…
Overview of RTI
How RTI Started on the Wrong Foot
Why does RTI have such a bad rap? Implementation Mistakes (or What schools do that knock it off the
poor one wrong foot it was on to begin with…..)
Professional Opinions (or The Audacity of Thought)
Warning!
2 hours is not a lot of time!
Everything is circular! Everything is connected!
On the surface, RTI is a very simple concept. If you dig deeper, RTI requires a lot of thought and professional judgement…some people hate this!
What is RTI?
Ready, Think, InspireReally Thoughtful InsightRotten Terrible InitiativeRadical Time-consuming InsanityResponse to Intervention
… is the practice of (1) providing high-quality instruction and interventions matched to student needs and, (2) using learning rate over time and level of performance to (3) make important educational decisions.”
National Association of State Directors of Special Education (2005) Response to Intervention: Policy Considerations and Implementation, p. 5
Let’s break that down….Original Quote RTI terminology
“providing high-quality instruction and interventions matched to student needs”
Multi-Tier Level of Instruction and Support
“using learning rate over time and level of performance”
Progress Monitoring data taken frequently
“to make important educational decisions”
Problem Solving Model
Academic Systems Behavioral Systems
5-10% 5-10%
10-15% 10-15%
Intensive, Individual Interventions•Individual Students•Assessment-based•High Intensity•Of longer duration
Intensive, Individual Interventions•Individual Students•Assessment-based•Intense, durable procedures
Targeted Group Interventions•Some students (at-risk)•High efficiency•Rapid response
Targeted Group Interventions•Some students (at-risk)•High efficiency•Rapid response
75-85% 75-85%Universal Interventions•All students•Preventive, proactive
Universal Interventions•All settings, all students•Preventive, proactive
School-Wide Systems for Student Success
What’s really different about this?
Pro-active and Consistent Across Building/District
Everything is decided ahead of time: Academic expectations across grade level or district Assessments used early and across school Interventions available, scheduled, and ready for
students Progress Monitoring assessments in place Meeting to evaluate progress in place
Problem Identification
Asking IF there is a problem?A. Define area(s) of concern and prioritize.B. Review/Collect baseline data on primary area of
concern. Review Interview Observe Test
C. State discrepancy between what is expected and what is occurring.
Problem Identification Occurs at Each Tier
Intensity of Problem
Lev
el o
f R
esou
rces General
Education
Special Education
General EducationWith Support
A Problem Defined…
At Tier 3: The difference between an individual student’s
performance and a criterion of success in a curriculum area.
At Tier 2: The difference between non-proficient students’
performance and a criterion of success in a curriculum area.
At Tier 1: The difference between how many students are
proficient on their accountability assessments and 100%. The desired state is for all students to be proficient.
(NASDSE, 2006)
Example of a Universal ProblemACADEMIC Area
Definitional Component Example
What Is Expected School Making AYP
What Is Occurring School Not Making AYP
The Situation End of Grade 3 & 5 ISAT
Example of a Targeted ProblemACADEMIC Area
Definitional Component Example
What Is Expected All first grade students identify all letter sounds.
What Is Occurring Ten students identify less than 100% of letter sounds.
The Situation First grade classrooms in Nearby Elementary
Example of an Intensive Problem ACADEMIC Area
Definitional Component Example
What Is Expected Reading 80 WRC at the Beginning of Grade 3
What Is Occurring Reading 35 WRC (3rd Percentile) at the Beginning of Grade 3
The Situation Beginning of Grade 3 in Anywhere, Illinois
Problem Identification Needs
Prerequisite to stating discrepancy: Determine what your expectations are for what you
want to occur Determine what data to use and comparison group to
use Collect data – uniformly and consistently
Universal Screener!!!
Universal Screeners
Characteristics of Universal Screeners Given to everyone Critical Skills Brief Repeatable Cheap and easy to administer and score Tells us who needs more assessment
Universal Screeners
Examples: DIBELS AIMSWEB Curriculum Based Measures (CBM) Early Warning System (high schools)
2nd Grade Discrepancy Tier 1
80%
15%
5%
62%
31%
7%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
Perc
en
t of
stu
den
ts
meeti
ng
cri
teri
a
Expected School W.
School
Does not meet -Explore Intensive
Does not meet -Explore Targeted
Meets Criteria - Coreprogramming
At Tier 1, 62% of 2nd grade students have met the expected criteria (55 WRC) compared to 80%.
Stu
den
t
LNF
Sam G 77
Isabel T 70
Michael T 69
Lauren S 68
David H 59
Lindsey B 40
Hannah 37
Hayden 37
Isabella 35
Katherine 33
Symone 32
Elyssa 31
Luke Z 29
Charles S 29
Lily R 24
Andy P 14
Jackson G 8
Sample of students in Low Risk criteria
Sample of students in Some-Risk criteria
Total meeting criteria = 79%
(>40 LNF)
Total in Emerging range (19%)
(29 < LNF <40)
Total in At-Risk range (2%)
(LNF < 29) Students in At-Risk range
Tier 2 Problem Identification
High Off TrackLacking 2 or more graduation requirementsBehind 4 or more CreditsCurrently failing 3 or more classesExcessive Referrals and/or Absences
Extreme Off Track 2-3 Years BehindNo chance for graduation in a traditional school settingDisengagement
At Risk for Off TrackLacking 1 of 3 Graduation requirements< 5%Absences3 or less Level 1 or 2 referrals
On TrackExceeding or Meeting all graduation requirements (Credits, FCAT Score, GPA)6 or less AbsencesNo referrals
Off Track Lacking 2 graduation requirementsBehind 1-3 Credits10% Absences3 or less Level 2 referrals or 2 Level 3 Referrals9th graders indentified “at high risk” (3 F’s in 8th grade)
Example: Credits Earned
1st Semester
09-10 < 3 Credits
08-09 < 9 Credits
07-08 <15 Credits
06-07 < 21 Credits
Pasco County Schools
On TrackAt Risk
Off TrackHigh Risk
Extremely off Track
0.00%
10.00%
20.00%
30.00%
40.00%
50.00%
60.00%
70.00%
Grad Plan 09-10
Grad Plan 08-09
Grad Plan 07-08
Problem Analysis
Why is it happening?A. Review RIOT data to…
Differentiate between skill problem vs. performance problem.
Determine situations in which the problem is most likely and least likely to occur.
Identify the factors of curriculum, instruction and environment that are contributing to the problem.
B. Generate plausible and alterable hypotheses.
C. Collection additional data as needed to validate or refute hypotheses.D. Select most validated and alterable hypotheses
CURRICULUM• Content of materials• Difficulty level of
materials• Sequencing• Organization• Perceived relevance
INSTRUCTION
• Instructional philosophy• Instructional approach or
method(s)• Expectations/objectives• Clarity & organization• Pace• Opportunities for practice• Duration of continuous
instruction• Nature & frequency of
feedback• Academic engaged time• Classroom Management
ICEL Domains
Environment
ENVIRONMENT• Arrangement of the
room• Furniture/equipment• Rules• Management plans• Routines• Expectations• Peer context• Peer and family
influence• Task pressure
LEARNER• Appropriateness of
curriculum and instruction
• Perception of learning environment
• Academic skills• Social/behavioral skills• Adaptive behavior skills• Motivation• Medical Issues
ICEL Domains Continued
Problem Analysis InterviewInstructional Planning Form (IPF)
Instructional Strategies Materials Arrangement Time Motivational Strategies
Skill Teaching Strategy
Student Name_______________________ Teacher Name________________ School Year ____________Goal ___________________________________________________________________________________
10/03 Adapted from the U of Oregon
Bollman, 2006
Fluency + Accuracy +
Comprehension +
Fluency + Accuracy +
Comprehension -
Fluency +
Accuracy –
Fluency –
Accuracy +
Fluency –
Accuracy –
Re-Screen In 4 Mos. MAZE Pencil Tap Re-Read SLA
Problem Analysis
Self Monitoring Phonics/Decoding
Natalie 6 wrc
Matthew 14 wrc
Riley 51 wrcRenee 53 wrcMatthew 54wrc
Etc.
Plan Development
Review interventions and match to student needs
Include decisions about: Frequency Intensity Duration Data Collection
K 1 2 3 4 5
District 204 Literacy CurriculumScholastic Red &BlueTrophiesText Talk
District 204 Literacy CurriculumScholastic Red & BlueTrophies
District 204 Literacy CurriculumScholastic Red & BlueTrophies
District 204 Literacy CurriculumScholastic Red & BlueTrophies
District 204 Literacy CurriculumScholastic Red & BlueTrophies
District 204 Literacy CurriculumScholastic Red & BlueTrophies
EdmarkKITMichael HeggertyReading MilestonesTrophies InterventionWindows to Literacy
Early Steps Tutoring Earobics EdmarkHorizonsMichael HeggertyReading MilestonesTrophies InterventionWindows to Literacy
EarobicsEdmarkHorizonsMichael HeggertyTrophies InterventionWindows to Literacy
EarobicsEdmarkHorizonsRead NaturallyQuckReadsReading MilestonesTrophies Intervention Wilson
HorizonsQuickReadsRead NaturallyReading MilestonesEdmarkTrophies InterventionWilsonWindows to Literacy
HorizonsRead NaturallyQuckReadsReading MielstonesTrophies InterventionWilson
TIER 1
TIER 3
TIER 2KITJolly PhonicsMichael HeggertyStarlitTrophies Intervention
Early Steps TutoringJolly PhonicsMichael HeggertyRead NaturallyTCM NonfictionTrophies Intervention
Michael HeggertyRead NaturallyTCM NonfictionTrophies Intervention
Read NaturallyTCM NonfictionTrophies InterventionSoar to SuccessLexia
Read NaturallyRewardsTCM NonfictionTrophies InterventionSoar to SuccessLexia
Read NaturallyRewardsTCM NonfictionTrophies InterventionSoar to SuccessLexia
Indian Prairie District 204 Reading Materials by Tier
Resources Matched with Interventions
Mon. Tues. Wed. Thurs Fri.
9:15-9:45
9:45-10:15
9:15-9:45
9:45-10:15
9:15-9:45
9:45-10:15
9:15-9:45
9:45-10:15
9:15-9:45
9:45-10:15
Mike IV1 IV2 FB2 w/ 2 A/Mi
Works w/ 2A & 2Mi
Works w/ 2A & 2Mi
Works w/ 2A & 2Mi
Carolyn TP2 TP1 FB1 w/ 2C
TP 1 TP2 TP1 TP2 TP1 TP2
LisaErica
TP1 TP2 Prog Mon
Plan Mtg
TP1 TP2 TP1 TP2 TP1 TP2
Margie IV2 IV1 IV2 Plan Mtg
IV1 w/ 2C
w/ 2C
IV2 w/ 2C
IV1
IV = Intervention Kit TP = Teacher Pals FB = Fluency Builder
Plan Evaluation
Review progress dataMake decisions
Re-do Problem Solving cycle Simple adjustment - Intensify Continue Discontinue
Plan Evaluation Needs
Pre-requisites: Determine what is OK growth and what isn’t Pre-determined alternative paths or possible changes
What do all four steps have in common?
Did you notice a pattern emerging when we reviewed the problem solving process?
There are a lot of pre-requisites to sitting down at a problem solving meeting!
What are the pre-requisites?
Starting Out of the Wrong Foot
Let’s look at RTI definition again… the practice of (1) providing high-quality
instruction and interventions matched to student needs and, (2) using learning rate over time and level of performance to (3) make important educational decisions.
Keep this in mind as we review the introduction of RTI to the school system.
What does the law say?
Federal LawIN GENERAL….when determining when a child has a
specific learning disability as defined in section 602, a local educational agency shall not be required to take into consideration whether a child has a severe discrepancy between achievement and intellectual ability….
ADDITIONAL AUTHORITY …in determining whether a child has a specific learning disability, a local educational agency may us a process that determines if the child responds to scientific, research-based intervention as a part of the evaluation procedures . . .
What does the law say?
Illinois Administrative Code 226“…each district shall, no later than the
beginning of the 2010-2011 school year, implement the use of a process that determines how a child responds to scientific, research-based interventions as part of the evaluation procedure…When a district implements the use of a process of this type, the district shall now use any child’s participation in the process as the basis for denying a parent’s request for an evaluation.”
State Legislation
More importantly, Rule 226.130 requires Illinois districts to complete a plan for transition (RtI Plan) to the use of a process that determines how a child responds to scientific, research-based intervention as part of the evaluation procedure by January 1, 2009
Illinois State Board of Education Beliefs
The Illinois State Board of Education (ISBE) believes that increased student learning requires the consistent practice of providing high quality instruction matched to student needs. Response to Intervention (RtI) is a general education initiative which requires collaborative efforts from all district staff, general educators, special educators and bilingual/ELL staff. In a quality educational environment student academic and behavioral needs must be identified and monitored continuously with documented student performance data used to make instructional decisions.
The Illinois State Response to Intervention Plan, January 1, 2008
ResourcesRead the Real Words
HandoutsIDEA 2004IL Administrative Code 226IL RTI PlanGuidance Document and NDSEC explanation
Law vs. Best Practice
What does the law focus on?
What does RTI focus on?
What do you think educators’ responses are to the law?
Compare what the law requires and what is actually required to have an RTI system in place.
Why does RTI have such a bad rap?Let’s discuss!
Implementation Mistakes Trying to fit your old system into an RTI system Use of tests that do not have the characteristics of a
screener, as a screener (ISAT, MAP) Spending so much time on tests for analysis for
everyone, instead of for few identified by screener Adding on tests instead of replacing Adding meetings instead of streamlining Not educating staff about why we are doing what we
are doing Doing it to get kids qualified for special education
Why does RTI have such a bad rap?Let’s discuss!
Professional OpinionFrom black and white, to gray all over (law)Working as a teamConsidering multiple data points