Core English Article

1

NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF BUSINESSBACHELOR OF ARTS IN

ENGLISH Grammar : Article

SUBMITTED TO LECTURERMr. BUN CHEAB PHANG

SUBJECT : Core English IIGROUP : 01YEAR : IISEMESTER : IISHIFT : EveningROOM : B10

1. KEN THEARITH2. YIM SONY3. LY NIKA4. SREY KALYAN5. SEOUM SAMEANG

Group Member

2

I. Use of articles.1. Definition of articles.2. Type of articles.II. Non-use of articles.III. Areas that often cause problems.3. Jobs4. Superlative5. 3. Last and next

Content

3

IV. Use and non-use of definite article with phrases of time and place1.Phrases of time2.Place namesV. Different ways of giving emphasis3.Intensifiers4.Use of auxiliary verbs

4

I. Use of articles

1. The indefinite article : ‘a or an’ A and An have exactly the same meaning. We use a in front of consonant sounds (a donkey, a windmill) and an in front of vowel sounds (an egg, an old horse)

5

2. The indefinite article : ‘The’We use the when ‘ we know which one’ because the thing or person

6

2. Type of articles

The articles are divided in two type:* Definite articleThe is definite article: We use the when we know which one because the thing or person.-Is unique (or unique in that context).Example: The Cambodian Prime Minister (there is only one)

7

- Has been mentioned before.Example: Socheata gave me a photo. I

looked at it, and saw that the photo very beautiful.

- Is defined by the phrase which follows it.Example: What’s the new student’s name?

8

1. The is not used before plural nouns and uncountable nouns (in a general sense) :

Dogs are faithful animals.Trees give us shade.Honesty is the best policy.Tolerance is important in our country.

2. Before (the names of most countries except if the country includes the word ‘Republic’ or ‘United’) :

Have you been to China?The tourists will arrive from India.He is going to Australia next year.When are you leaving for New Zealand?

9

* Indefinite articleWe use a/an when ‘ we don’t know which one’ because the thing or person.-Is one of many.Example: Sony is a clever students.-Is not unique.Example: I’ve just bought a mobile phone.

10

- Has not mentioned before.This shows that the listener or reader

doesn’t know what we are referring to. After this first reference, always use

‘the’.Example: There was a cute student in

a class today.

11

With indefinite articles, we can talk about people or things ‘in general’ with a or an or with the plural.

Instead of using the plural: Pigs are greedy on Animal Farm. We can say: A pig named Napoleon is greedy on Animal Farm.

12

II. Non-use of articles.

We do not use an article when we talk about things in general:

- Using plural or uncountable nounsExample: Do you like sport?

13

- With the names of people or places, but there are many exceptions.Example: A book by professor Jones.

14

III. Areas that often cause problems.

1. Jobs

If there are many people doing a particular job, we use a/an.

Ex: My girl friend is a singer ( there are many singer).

But if a job is specific to one person, we use “the”.

Ex: He is having talks with the French foreign minister.

15

2. SuperlativeWe use the with superlative adjectives.

Ex: She’s the best person for the job.

16

These adjectives can be used with or without the but there is a change of meaning.

Example: I saw Socheata last night. (the one before this one)

Example: It’s the last day of our holiday. (the final one)

3. Last and next

17

Example: I’ll see you next week. (the one after this one)

18

IV. Use and non-use of definite article with phrases of time and place

1. Phrases of time

Some time phrases take the.

-Dates: the 25th of December / December the 25th

- Part of the day: In the afternoon, in the evening, in the morning ( but at night, at lunch time).

19

- Decades / Centuries: the 1980s, the 21st century.

- Other time phrases take no article: in 2002, in summer

- Months / Days: in August, on Friday, see you tomorrow.

20

2. Place names- The names of most countries, continents, islands, states, provinces, towns and cities do not take an articles.

* Exception: the Czech Republic, the Netheriands, the UK, the Arab World, the USA.

21

- If we talk about a region we do not use a article.

Example: North-west India, Northern Europe.

But: in the east of the country, in the south of Italy, on the coast.

22

- Most roads, streets, parks, bridges, shops and restaurants do not take an article.

Example: Central Park, Harrods, oxford Street, Tower Bridge.

23

- The names of theatres, cinemas, hotels, galleries and museums take the.

Example: the Hermitage, the National Theatre, the Odeon, the Ritz.

24

- The names of particular mountains and lakes do not take an article.

Example: Lake Victoria, Mount Everest.

25

- Mountain ranges, rivers, seas and canals take the.

Example: the Atlantic, the (River) Danube, the Himalayas, the Panama canal.

26

V. Different ways of giving emphasis

1. Intensifiers

Absolutely, completely, really, so

We use these words to add emphasis to adjectives.

- Her new book is absolutely brilliant.

- It’s so annoying.

27

Far

Far is used for emphasis with too + adjective or too much / many + noun.

It’s far too much trouble.

28

2. Use of auxiliary verbs

We often add an auxiliary verb in the positive for emphasis.

Your father does make me laugh.

I do love you.

29

30

31

• www.google.com

• www.slideshare.net

• Core English book (Cutting

EDDE) level Upper Intermediate.

References

32

Question time?

The End