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An increased respiratory rate is called hyperventilation.A decrease in respiratory rate and depth is called hypoventilation.Rhythm of Respiration – should be regular.Quality of Respiration - can be shallow or deep.
Breathing is an involuntary act controlled by the brain. It can be temporarily controlled consciously such as holding your breath, or purposefully breathing deeper or slower.
When more oxygen is needed, or an excess of carbon dioxide needs to exhaled, the brain signals the lungs to increase the respiratory rate and/or to increase the volume of air exchange by breathing deeper.
+ Lung Capacity Tidal Volume (TV) - normal volume moved in or out of the
lungs during quiet (resting) breathing (500 mL or 0.5 L).
Inspiratory Reserve Volume (IRV) – inhaling deeply to increase lung volume (2900 mL or 2.9 L).
Expiratory Reserve Volume (ERV) - increasing expiration by contracting our thoracic and abdominal muscles (1400 mL or 1.4 L).
Residual Volume (RV) - even when we exhale deeply some air is still in the lungs (1000 mL or 1 L)
Vital capacity (VC) - the total of TV plus IRV plus ERV; it is called vital capacity because it is vital for life, and the more air you can move, the better off you are.
Total Lung Capacity (TLC) – the amount of air in the lungs after a deep inhalation – VC plus RV (about 6000 mL or 6 L)
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Lung Capacity
Inspiratory Reserve Volume
(IRV)
Expiratory Reserve Volume (ERV)
Total Lung Capacity (TLC)
Residual Volume (RV)
Tidal Volume (TV)
Vital Capacity
(VC)Sucking in as much air as you can after a normal
Spirometry is a method of assessing lung function by measuring the volume of air and speed flow of air in and out of the lungs.
This is called a Pulmonary Function Test (PFT) and is the most common lung function test. The measurement of breathing can be crucial in aiding treatment or discovery of various breathing ailments.
Spirometry is performed with a device known as a spirometer which usually display their results in the form of graphs called spirograms.
+ Why Measure Temperature? The main reason for checking body temperature is to determine any signs of systemic infection or inflammation in the presence of a fever.
Other causes of elevated temperature include hyperthermia due to failed thermoregulation (control of body temperature).