Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Atoms Molecule Cell Organelle Macromolecule CELLULAR LEVEL N H O N C H O C 0.2 µm 0.5 µm O d: © Dr. Donald Fawcett & Porter/Visuals Unlimited e: © Lennart Nilsson/Albert Bonniers Förlag AB 1 Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Tissue Organ 100 µm ORGANISMAL LEVEL Organ system Organism f: © Ed Reschke i: © Getty RF 2 Population Species POPULATIONAL LEVEL Community Ecosystem Biosphere Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. i-j: © Getty RF; 1.1k-l: © Volume 44/Getty RF; m: © Steve Harper/Grant Heilman Photography, Inc.; n: © Robert and Jean ollock; o: NASA 3 Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Sunlight at midday Well Height of obelisk Distance between Cities = 800 km Light rays parallel a Length of shadow a 4 Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Predictions Question Hypothesis 5 Experiment 2 Experiment 3 Experiment 4 Experiment Experiment Potential hypotheses Remaining possible hypotheses Last remaining possible hypothesis Hypothesis 1 Hypothesis 2 Hypothesis 3 Hypothesis 4 Hypothesis 5 Hypothesis 2 Hypothesis 3 Hypothesis 5 Observation Modify hypothesis Reject hypotheses 2 and 3 Reject hypotheses 1 and 4 Experiment 1 Predictions confirmed 5 Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Woodpecker Finch (Cactospiza pallida) Large Ground Finch (Geospiza magnirostris) Cactus Finch (Geospiza scandens) 6
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Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.
Atoms Molecule Cell Organelle Macromolecule
CELLULAR LEVEL
N H
O
N
C
H
O
C
0.2 µm 0.5 µm
O
d: © Dr. Donald Fawcett & Porter/Visuals Unlimited e: © Lennart Nilsson/Albert Bonniers Förlag AB
1
Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.
Tissue Organ
100 µm
ORGANISMAL LEVEL
Organ system Organism
f: © Ed Reschke i: © Getty RF 2
Population Species
POPULATIONAL LEVEL
Community Ecosystem Biosphere
Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.
i-j: © Getty RF; 1.1k-l: © Volume 44/Getty RF; m: © Steve Harper/Grant Heilman Photography, Inc.; n: © Robert and Jean ollock; o: NASA
3
Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.
Sunlight at midday
Well
Height of obelisk
Distance between Cities = 800 km
Light rays parallel
a
Length of shadow
a
4
Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.
Predictions
Question
Hypothesis 5
Experiment 2 Experiment 3 Experiment 4
Experiment
Experiment
Potential hypotheses
Remaining possible hypotheses
Last remaining possible hypothesis
Hypothesis 1 Hypothesis 2 Hypothesis 3 Hypothesis 4 Hypothesis 5
Hypothesis 2 Hypothesis 3 Hypothesis 5
Observation
Modify hypothesis
Reject hypotheses 2 and 3
Reject hypotheses 1 and 4
Experiment 1
Predictions confirmed
5
Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.
Woodpecker Finch (Cactospiza pallida) Large Ground Finch (Geospiza magnirostris) Cactus Finch (Geospiza scandens)
6
Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.
Human Cat Bat Porpoise Horse
7
Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.
Human Rhesus Dog
0 40 30 20 10 60 50 70 Number of Amino Acid Differences in a Hemoglobin Polypeptide
Frog Bird
8
9
Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.
a: © Alan L. Detrick/Photo Researchers, Inc.; b: © DAVID M. DENNIS/Animals Animals – Earth Scenes; c: © Volume 46/Corbis RF; d: © Corbis RF; e: © Mediscan/Corbis; f: © Volume 15/Photodisc/Getty RF; g: © Corbis RF; h: © Tom Brakefi eld/Corbis; i: © Volume 44/Photodisc/Getty RF;
j: © Volume 64/Corbis RF; k: © T.E. Adams/Visuals Unlimited; l: © Douglas P. Wilson/Frank Lane Picture Agency/Corbis; m: © R. Robinson/Visuals Unlimited; n: © Kari Lounatman/Photo Researchers, Inc.; o: © Dwight R. Kuhn; p: © Alfred Pasieka/Science Photo Library/Photo Researchers, Inc.
Bacteria
Archaea
Animalia
Fungi
Protista
Plantae
Eukarya
10
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