Copyright Clarity #NYSCATE11

Copyright Clarity...

Fair Use for Digital learning

Kristin Hokanson

★ Gain knowledge about how copyright and fair use apply to digital learning.

★ Develop confidence in sharing information and ideas about copyright/fair use with colleagues.

★ Recognize how media literacy pedagogy depends on the use of copyrighted materials from mass media and popular culture

★ Identify resources for teaching about copyright and fair use that are effective with students and colleagues

Goals

ways that students use copyrighted

materials in their creative & academic

work

Illustration Digital Storytelling

Critical Analysis Remix

What makes these effective learning experiences for students?

Technology makes it easy to:

ü Use and shareü Copy ü Modify & Repurposeü Excerpt & Quote Fromü Distribute

Owners forcefully assert their rights

to:

ü Restrictü Limitü Charge high feesü Discourage useü Use scare tactics

See no Evil Close the Door Hyper-Comply

How do Teachers Cope?

Image: 'fuzzy copyright'www.flickr.com/photos/58764797@N00/1384247192

It’s time to replace old knowledge

withaccurate knowledge

To promote creativity, innovation and the spread of knowledge

Article 1 Section 8U.S. Constitution, 1787

EVERYTHING IS COPYRIGHTED

Crea%ve  ControlThe Copyright Act grants five rights to a copyright owner:

1. the right to reproduce the copyrighted work;

2. the right to prepare derivative works based upon the work;

3. the right to distribute copies of the work to the public;

4. the right to perform the copyrighted work publicly; and

5. the right to display the copyrighted work publicly.

The ResultCopyright Confusion

OWNERS USERS

Copyright Law Balances Rights of Owners and Users

EVERYTHING IS COPYRIGHTED

…BUT THERE ARE EXEMPTIONS

--Section 107 Copyright Act of 1976

The Doctrine of Fair Use

--Section 107 Copyright Act of 1976

The  Doctrine  of  Fair  Use

For  purposes  such  as  cri%cism,  comment,  

news  repor%ng,  teaching  

--Section 107 Copyright Act of 1976

The Doctrine of Fair Use

Fair use of copyrighted materials is allowed when the benefits to society

outweigh the private costs to the copyright holder

Fair use prevents copyright law from becoming

a form of private censorship

The  Doctrine  of  Fair  Use“It not only allows but encourages socially beneficial uses of copyrighted works such as teaching, learning, and scholarship. Without fair use, those beneficial uses— quoting from copyrighted works, providing multiple copies to students in class, creating new knowledge based on previously published knowledge—would be infringements. Fair use is the means for assuring a robust and vigorous exchange of copyrighted information.”

--Carrie Russell, American Library Association

The effective use of copyrighted materials enhances the teaching

and learning process.

Context & Situation

Is this Use of Copyrighted Materials a Fair Use?

•Did the unlicensed use “transform” the material taken from the

copyrighted work by using it for a different purpose than that of the

original, or did it just repeat the work for the same intent and value as the

original? 

•Was the material taken appropriate in kind and amount, considering the

nature of the copyrighted work and of the use?

Bill Graham Archives vs. Dorling Kindersley, Ltd. (2006)

An Example of Transformative Use

The purpose of the original: to generate publicity for a concert

The purpose of the new work: to document and illustrate the concert events in historical context

Educational Fair Use Guidelines

The effective use of copyrighted materials enhances the teaching

and learning process.

Does following “rules” for Educational Guidelines

require students to thinkcritically about the

Copyrighted materials they are using?

Does following “rules” for Educational Guidelines

require students to thinkcritically about the

Copyrighted materials they are using?

Excerpts from:http://www.ted.com/talks/larry_lessig_says_the_law_is_strangling_creativity.html

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TPAO-lZ4_hU An anthropological introduction to YouTube

Does requiring students to useONLY Creative Commons content

require students to thinkcritically about the

Copyrighted materials they are using?

Does requiring students to useONLY Creative Commons content

require students to thinkcritically about the

Copyrighted materials they are using?

Codes of Best Practices

http://mediaeducationlab.com/video-overview

Context & Situation

A team of elementary educators shows the Disney movie The Little Mermaid to three classes of Grade 3 students on the day before winter break in the school auditorium.

Fair Use Reasoning tells me...

•Claim Fair Use

•Ask permission

• Buy a License

•Use another Copyright Friendly source

Context & Situation

A team of elementary educators shows the Disney movie The Little Mermaid to three classes of Grade 3 students on the day before winter break in the school auditorium.

Discuss

Practice exercising yourFair Use Muscles...

•Did the unlicensed use “transform” the material taken from the

copyrighted work by using it for a different purpose than that of the

original, or did it just repeat the work for the same intent and value as the

original? 

•Was the material taken appropriate in kind and amount, considering the

nature of the copyrighted work and of the use?

Fair Use Reasoning tells me...

•Claim Fair Use

•Ask permission

• Buy a License

•Use another Copyright Friendly source

Teach kids to reasonhttp://copyrightconfusion.wikispaces.com

Other Resourceshttp://mediaeducationlab.com

Other Examples?

Elementary School Case Study: P.S. 124 The Silas B. Dutcher SchoolBrooklyn, NY

Video Case Studies

High School Case Study: Upper Merion Area High School King of Prussia, PA

College Case Study: Project Look Sharp at Ithaca CollegeIthaca, NY

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But what if....

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1. RIPPING.  Criminalizes  the  use  of  technology,  devices,  or  services  intended  to  circumvent  digital  rights  management  (DRM)  soBware  that  controls  access  to  copyrighted  works.  

2. ONLINE  TAKEDOWNS.  Protects  Internet  Service  Providers  against  copyright  liability  if  they  promptly  block  access  to  allegedly  infringing  material  (or  remove  such  material  from  their  systems)  if  no%fied  by  copyright  holder;  offers  a  counter-­‐no%fica%on  provision  if  use  is  exempted  under  fair  use  

Digital Millennium Copyright Act of 1998

The Results of our Advocacy

Users may unlock DVDs protected by the Content Scrambling System when circumvention is for the purpose of criticism or comment using short sections, for educational, documentary or non-profit use.

1. RIPPING.  Criminalizes  the  use  of  technology,  devices,  or  services  intended  to  circumvent  digital  rights  management  (DRM)  soBware  that  controls  access  to  copyrighted  works.  

2. ONLINE  TAKEDOWNS.  Protects  Internet  Service  Providers  against  copyright  liability  if  they  promptly  block  access  to  allegedly  infringing  material  (or  remove  such  material  from  their  systems)  if  no%fied  by  copyright  holder;  offers  a  counter-­‐no%fica%on  provision  if  use  is  exempted  under  fair  use  

Digital Millennium Copyright Act of 1998

Join our Online Communityhttp://copyrightconfusion.wikispaces.com

visit the Media Education Lab for teaching resources & to download The Code of Best Practices

http://mediaeducationlab.com/copyright

CONTACT ME- with your storiesKristin Hokanson

[email protected]://khokanson.net