Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. 2-22 GOAL SETTING: 1.Unit 4 Test grade = ____% 2. I feel I was successful or unsuccessful.

Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.

2-222-22GOAL SETTING:

1.Unit 4 Test grade = ____%

2. I feel I was successful or unsuccessful

3. I prepared by…

4. Next time I will prepare by…

5. Goal for next time = ____If you met your goal + got an A: You may maintain

or improve.

If you met your goal but did not get an A: You must improve at least 1 percentage points.

If you did not meet your goal it stays the same.

Question of the DayQuestion of the Day


2-232-232 things you know about

DNA = ??? (can be anything you’ve learned before – write something down!!!)

Question of the DayQuestion of the Day


ObjectivesObjectives– Describe shape / function of a Describe shape / function of a

chromosomechromosome– Describe differences between Describe differences between

autosome & sex chromosomes.autosome & sex chromosomes.


Chromosome StructureChromosome Structure Chromosomes Chromosomes

– rod-shaped structures maderod-shaped structures made of DNA and protein of DNA and protein – formed – formed during cell division during cell division

Histones -Histones -– Proteins that DNA wrap aroundProteins that DNA wrap around– aids in the compact aids in the compact

structure of the structure of the chromosome chromosome


Chromosome StructureChromosome Structure



Chapter 8Parts of a Parts of a chromosomechromosome Eukaryotic cellsEukaryotic cells::

Chromatids – Chromatids – ½ of the chromosome½ of the chromosome – – identical to other half – replicated in the identical to other half – replicated in the “S phase” for replication“S phase” for replication

Centromere – where sister chromatids Centromere – where sister chromatids are are joinedjoined..

Genes – Genes – bands found on the chromosomebands found on the chromosome


Chromatin – Chromatin – uncoiled DNA uncoiled DNA found in nucleusfound in nucleus – Seen when – Seen when cell isn’t dividingcell isn’t dividing


Chapter 8 Prokaryotic cellsProkaryotic cells:: Contain only 1 circular Contain only 1 circular

chromosomechromosome


Chapter 8Comparing Cell Division Comparing Cell Division in Prokaryotes and in Prokaryotes and EukaryotesEukaryotes

•Prokaryotic cells reproduce faster than eukaryotic cells – Less sophisticated, takes less time


Chromosome NumbersChromosome Numbers Different species have a Different species have a

characteristic numbercharacteristic number of of chromosomes in each cell.chromosomes in each cell.

More chromosomes More chromosomes do not always do not always equal more equal more sophisticated sophisticated


2-222-22

In owl book – get questions from me and read pages 145-147 (Cell Reproduction – section # 1)

Previewing AssignmentPreviewing Assignment


What is the relationship between DNA and chromosomes?

Question of the DayQuestion of the Day2-242-24


ReviewReview2-242-24

What am I?

What am I?

What am I?

What am I?


ObjectivesObjectives– Describe shape / function of a Describe shape / function of a

chromosomechromosome– Describe differences between Describe differences between

autosome & sex chromosomes.autosome & sex chromosomes.


Chromosome TypeChromosome Type AutosomesAutosomes

– Non-sex Non-sex chromosomeschromosomes

– 22 pairs22 pairs Sex ChromosomesSex Chromosomes

– determine the determine the sex of an organismsex of an organism– In humans:In humans:

X and YX and YXX = XX = femalefemaleXY = XY = malemale


Homologous chromosomesHomologous chromosomes– Chromosomes that carry Chromosomes that carry the same genes the same genes (not (not

necessarily the same code)necessarily the same code)– One from dad other from momOne from dad other from mom

KaryotypeKaryotype– Picture of chromosomes Picture of chromosomes

in a in a normal dividing cellnormal dividing cell


KaryotypeKaryotype Used primarily to study Used primarily to study chromosome chromosome

problemsproblems Stop cell in metaphase and stain the Stop cell in metaphase and stain the

chromosomeschromosomes Match use length and bands (bands can Match use length and bands (bands can

represent 100’s of genes)represent 100’s of genes)


KaryotypeKaryotype Identifying a Chromosome:Identifying a Chromosome:

1.1. LengthLength

2.2. Placement of centromerePlacement of centromere

3.3. Banding patterBanding patter

http://learn.genetics.utah.edu/content/begin/traits/karyotype/http://learn.genetics.utah.edu/content/begin/traits/karyotype/


Diploid and Haploid Diploid and Haploid CellsCells

Diploid - Cells having Diploid - Cells having two sets of two sets of chromosomes chromosomes –– 22nn - which means - which means 2 x number of chromosomes2 x number of chromosomes– All human cells except sex cellsAll human cells except sex cells

Haploid Cells – Cells which have Haploid Cells – Cells which have only one set of chromosomes (1only one set of chromosomes (1nn) ) – Sperm and egg cellsSperm and egg cells

ASSIGNMENTASSIGNMENT


ReviewReview Describe the structure of a chromosome.Describe the structure of a chromosome.

Identify the differences in structure Identify the differences in structure between prokaryotic chromosomes and between prokaryotic chromosomes and eukaryotic chromosomes.eukaryotic chromosomes.

Compare the numbers of chromosomes Compare the numbers of chromosomes in different species.in different species.

Explain the differences between sex Explain the differences between sex chromosomes and autosomes.chromosomes and autosomes.

Distinguish between diploid and haploid Distinguish between diploid and haploid cells.cells.

Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. 2-22 GOAL SETTING: 1.Unit 4 Test grade = ____% 2. I feel I was successful or unsuccessful.

Documents

chromosome structure

circular chromosome

set of chromosomes

sets of chromosomes

chromosome eukaryotic

sophisticated slide

day slide

time slide