Copyright © 2015 Pearson Education Ltd. 18-1. Copyright © 2015 Pearson Education Ltd. Chapter 5: Personality and Values.

Copyright © 2015 Pearson Education Ltd.

18-1


Chapter 5: Personality and Values


Let’s Play A Game İZMİR

ANKARA

ISTANBUL

RIZE

BODRUM

ESKİŞEHİR

VAN


Describe Personality, the Way It Is Measured, and the Factors that Shape It

Defining Personality Personality is a dynamic concept describing the

growth and development of a person’s whole psychological system. It changes!!!

The sum total of ways in which an individual reacts to and interacts with others.


Managers need to know how to measure personality. Personality tests are useful in hiring decisions and

help managers forecast who is best for a job.The most common means of measuring personality

is through self-report surveys.

Describe Personality, the Way It Is Measured, and the Factors that Shape It


Personality Determinants Is personality the result of heredity or

environment? Heredity refers to those factors that were

determined at conception. The heredity approach argues that the ultimate

explanation of an individual’s personality is the molecular structure of the genes, located in the chromosomes.

Describe Personality, the Way It Is Measured, and the Factors that Shape

It


Early research tried to identify and label enduring personality characteristics. Shy, aggressive, submissive(passive), lazy,

ambitious(striving), loyal, and timid(shy, nervous,fearful).These are personality traits(characther).

Early efforts to identify the primary traits that govern behavior often resulted in long lists that were difficult to generalize from and provided little practical guidance to organizational decision makers.

Describe Personality, the Way It Is Measured, and the Factors that Shape

It


Describe the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator Personality Framework and Its Strengths

and WeaknessesOne of the most widely used personality frameworks

is the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI).Individuals are classified as:

Extroverted or Introverted (E or I) Sensing (Anlamlandırmak) or Intuitive(sezgisel)

(S or N) Thinking or Feeling (T or F) Perceiving or Judging (P or J)

INTJs are visionaries. ESTJs are organizers. ENTPs are conceptualizers.


Identify the Key Traits in the Big Five Personality Model

1. Extraversion2. Agreeableness = Warm Bloded 3. Conscientiousness=Reliable 4. Emotional Stability = Are you good at managing

stress?5. Openness to experience = Level of Interest with

innovation


Demonstrate How The Big Five Traits Predict Behavior At Work




The five factors appear in almost all cross-cultural studies. Of the Big Five traits, conscientiousness conscientiousness is

the best predictor of job performance.



The Dark Triad1.Machiavellianism – the degree to which an individual

is pragmatic, maintains emotional distance, and believes that ends can justify means.

2.Narcissism – the tendency to be arrogant, have a grandiose sense of self-importance, require excessive admiration, and have a sense of entitlement.

3.Psychopathy – the tendency for a lack of concern for others and a lack of guilt or regret when their actions cause harm.

Dark Side of Personality


Approach-Avoidance The approach-avoidance framework – The

degree to which we react to stimuli. Approach motivation is attraction to positive

stimuli. Avoidance motivation is our aversion to

negative stimuli.

Traits Predict Behavior At Work


Other Personality Traits Relevant to OB Core Self-Evaluation – bottom line conclusions

individuals have about their capabilities, competence, and worth as a person.

Self-Monitoring – measures an individual’s ability to adjust his or her behavior to external, situational factors.

Proactive Personality – people who identify opportunities, show initiative, take action, and persevere until meaningful change occurs.

Traits Predict Behavior At Work


Describe How the Situation Affects Whether Predicts

BehaviorPersonality and Situations

Situation strength theory – indicates that the way personality translates into behavior depends on the strength of the situation.The degree to which norms, cues, or standards

dictate appropriate behavior.ClearnessConsistencyConstraints =LimitsConsequences= Results


Contrast Terminal and Instrumental Values

Values – basic opinions (such as speecific mode of conduct or end state of existance) about what is right, good, or desirable.(according to personality or social settings)

Value system – ranks values in terms of intensity. The Importance and Organization of Values

Values lay the foundation for understanding of attitudes and motivation.

Values generally influence attitudes and behaviors. Terminal values – desirable end-states of existence.Instrumental values – preferred modes of behavior or

means of achieving terminal values.


Compare GenerationalDifferences in Values


People high on extraversion fit well with aggressive and team-oriented cultures.

People high on agreeableness match up better with a supportive organizational climate than one focused on aggressiveness.

People high on openness to experience fit better in organizations that emphasize innovation rather than standardization.

Person-Organization Fit(The link between personality and values

at work)


Identify Hofstede’s Five Value Dimensions Of National Culture

Five value dimensions of national culture1. Power distance2. Individualism versus collectivism3. Masculinity versus femininity4. Uncertainty avoidance5. Long-term versus short-term orientation


HOMEWORK

For each dimension of «Hofstede’s Study» place Turkey in one category.

Do you think time can change the cultural classification of nations according to this study? Thus if you repeat the study in Turkey today, do you think new «value dimensions» may appear or/and Turkey may fall into another clasification for any value dimension then in the original study done in 1970s?

Copyright © 2015 Pearson Education Ltd. 18-1. Copyright © 2015 Pearson Education Ltd. Chapter 5: Personality and Values.

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