Copyright © 2013 Cylenchar Limited breathing life back into a contaminated environment.

Copyright © 2013

Cylenchar LimitedCylenchar Limitedbreathing life back breathing life back

into a into a contaminated contaminated environmentenvironment

CyCurex® - Technology OverviewCyCurex® - Technology Overview

• CyCurex®CyCurex® is a generic reagent for the is a generic reagent for the remediation of toxic heavy metals. remediation of toxic heavy metals.

• The risks of harm from toxic heavy The risks of harm from toxic heavy metals wastes are dramatically metals wastes are dramatically increased if they are soluble. increased if they are soluble.

• CyCurex®CyCurex® treatment converts soluble treatment converts soluble metal compounds into their insoluble metal compounds into their insoluble metal sulphides – back to the form metal sulphides – back to the form which nature intended them to be! which nature intended them to be!

• Toxicity and mobility of wastes are Toxicity and mobility of wastes are dramatically reduced – and so are the dramatically reduced – and so are the costs associated with handling and costs associated with handling and disposal.disposal.

• CyCurex®CyCurex® can bind and stabilize a can bind and stabilize a broad spectrum of heavy metals in a broad spectrum of heavy metals in a wide variety of substrates, to within wide variety of substrates, to within internationally accepted regulatory internationally accepted regulatory limits.limits.

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CyCurex® - System Requirements CyCurex® - System Requirements

• The CyCurexThe CyCurex®® system in capable of being installed as a piggy-back system in capable of being installed as a piggy-back system in existing wet or dry FGD systems...system in existing wet or dry FGD systems...

• or, installed as a stand-alone induct injection system. (As or, installed as a stand-alone induct injection system. (As illustrated by SRI trial at 1MW level).illustrated by SRI trial at 1MW level).

• Optimum injection temperatures 300-370Optimum injection temperatures 300-370ooF / 160-190F / 160-190ooC, but can C, but can operate at higher temperatures.operate at higher temperatures.

• Requirement for 1-2 seconds gas contact time. Less time if hotter.Requirement for 1-2 seconds gas contact time. Less time if hotter.• Ideal location – post rudimentary dust control (i.e. post ESP).Ideal location – post rudimentary dust control (i.e. post ESP).• Installation: CyCurexInstallation: CyCurex®® Spray system installed in a 300-370 Spray system installed in a 300-370ooF / F /

160-190160-190ooC cyclone, post ESP or Hot Bag-house (400-420C cyclone, post ESP or Hot Bag-house (400-420ooF / 200-F / 200-220220ooC).C).

• Advantages: Low cost option, Minimum plant downtime during Advantages: Low cost option, Minimum plant downtime during retrofit, Low O&M costs, All fly-ash by-products remain saleable, retrofit, Low O&M costs, All fly-ash by-products remain saleable, and even works in dust laden flues…and even works in dust laden flues…

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Key Advantages of CyCurex® Key Advantages of CyCurex® for Mercury Control in Power Plants for Mercury Control in Power Plants

• Remediates both oxidised and difficult to treat elemental mercury.Remediates both oxidised and difficult to treat elemental mercury.• Does not interfere with the existing wet or dry scrubber chemistry.Does not interfere with the existing wet or dry scrubber chemistry.• Renders a broad spectrum of heavy metals contaminants insoluble Renders a broad spectrum of heavy metals contaminants insoluble

and long term stable. So, retains the commercial integrity of and long term stable. So, retains the commercial integrity of existing saleable by-product gypsum, and does not generate a existing saleable by-product gypsum, and does not generate a harmful by-product in need of costly landfill disposal.harmful by-product in need of costly landfill disposal.

• CyCurex®CyCurex® co-benefits include; Opacity (SO co-benefits include; Opacity (SO33) reduction, plus lead ) reduction, plus lead and selenium control in plant waters. and selenium control in plant waters.

• Can be installed in new plants or retrofitted into existing facilities at Can be installed in new plants or retrofitted into existing facilities at a fraction of the cost of competitor systems.a fraction of the cost of competitor systems.

• Equally applicable and cost effective in both small and large-scale Equally applicable and cost effective in both small and large-scale combustion operations, and thus can find application in small-scale combustion operations, and thus can find application in small-scale incinerators or micro generation power systems, where PAC incinerators or micro generation power systems, where PAC systems are cost prohibitive.systems are cost prohibitive.

• CyCurex®CyCurex® does not require any costly pre-preparation, handling or does not require any costly pre-preparation, handling or storage.storage.

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Pilot Trial of the CyCurex ® at Southern Research Institute Pilot Trial of the CyCurex ® at Southern Research Institute Coal Combustion Unit, Birmingham, AL, USACoal Combustion Unit, Birmingham, AL, USA

• SRI 1 Mega Watt coal SRI 1 Mega Watt coal combustion unit, was specifically combustion unit, was specifically designed to model processes designed to model processes experienced by Power utilities.experienced by Power utilities.

• PRB and PRB-Bituminous blends PRB and PRB-Bituminous blends evaluated were evaluated.evaluated were evaluated.

• CyCurex® can rapidly remediate CyCurex® can rapidly remediate both moderate and high both moderate and high concentrations of oxidised and concentrations of oxidised and elemental mercury at short elemental mercury at short expose times as low as 1.1 expose times as low as 1.1 seconds. seconds.

• In a gas stream carrying a In a gas stream carrying a 1,000µg/M1,000µg/M33 total mercury and total mercury and at least 34µg/Mat least 34µg/M3 3 of elemental of elemental mercury, CyCurex® was easily mercury, CyCurex® was easily able to reduce the total mercury able to reduce the total mercury concentration by >90%, and it concentration by >90%, and it was able to deal with >75% of was able to deal with >75% of the elemental mercury within the elemental mercury within 1.1 to 2.2 seconds exposure. 1.1 to 2.2 seconds exposure.

• Highly cost competitive vs PACHighly cost competitive vs PAC

Inlet Flow meter and Thermo-couple

I.D. Fan

Inlet Mercury

Probe Outlet Thermocouple

Outlet Mercury Probe

Secondary Bag-house

CyCurex ®Scrubber

Vent to Stack

Packed ColumnCaustic

Scrubber

Flow from Primary Bag-

house

Scrubber Waste

Discharge

c

c

cCyCurex ® B2

CyCurex ® A25

CyCurex ® B-MTA

Metering Pump Skids

Reagent feeds to6 x Spray Nozzles

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0

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Time on 30 Apr 2010

Expt 30b, Treatment of Coal Combustion Gas with CyCurex© Approx. 2.2 secs residence time @ 320-220oF

Coal Type: North Antilope Rochelle PRB: Eastern Bituminous (80:20), Spiked with 7.5mg Hg/lb

Hg(0) Inlet

Hg(tot) Inlet

Hg(0) Outlet

Hg(tot) Outlet

Southern Research InstituteSouthern Research Institute Dry Scrubber Trial Dry Scrubber Trial

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CyCurex© gals / Mscf

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Treatment of Coal Combustion Gas with CyCurex®Approx. 1.1 secs residence time @ 320-220oF

Coal Type: North Antelope Rochelle PRB, Spiked with 1mg Hg/lb

Sothern Research Institute Dry Scrubber TrialSothern Research Institute Dry Scrubber TrialMercury removal performanceMercury removal performance

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Southern Research InstituteSouthern Research Institute Dry Scrubber Trial- mercury removal performance Dry Scrubber Trial- mercury removal performance

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y = 0.014x - 0.0081R2 = 0.9911

-0.01

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Time on 30 Apr 2010

Expt 30b, Second Order Rate of Consumption of Hg0 by CyCurex®

SRI Dry Scrubber Trial - Residue Analysis

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CyCurex® - PRB-Bituminous blended coal combustion gas Vessel Scale Isolate 24 April 2010

Heavy Metals Analysis

Heavy Metal Total Metalsmg/Kg

Leachable MetalsBy UK-NRA, TCLP

equivalent proceduremg/Litre

TCLP RegulatedLimit

40CFR Part 261.24 mg/Litre

Arsenic 4.2 0.00084 5.0Antimony 0.72 0.00055 1.0Cadmium <0.20 <0.00020 1.0Chromium 690 0.0017 5.0Copper 47 0.020 N/ALead 5.0 0.0052 5.0Mercury 67 0.0012 0.2Nickel 350 0.26 10.0Selenium 29 0.11 1.0Zinc 25 <0.0060 700

SRI Dry Scrubber TrialSRI Dry Scrubber TrialResidue AnalysisResidue Analysis

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For further information contact:For further information contact:

Dr Peter J. HurleyDr Peter J. HurleyTel: +44 (0)1484 517 417Tel: +44 (0)1484 517 417Fax: +44 (0)1484 516 098Fax: +44 (0)1484 516 098Mobile +44 (0)7968 337 107Mobile +44 (0)7968 337 107e-mail: [email protected]: [email protected]

Copyright © 2013