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Copyright © 2013, 2008, 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
Chapter 17
Using Persuasive Strategies
This multimedia product and its contents are protected under copyright law. The following are prohibited by law: • any public performance or display, including transmission of any image over a network;
• preparation of any derivative work, including the extraction, in whole or in part, of any images; • any rental, lease, or lending of the program.
Aristotle said that any persuasive speech has two parts:First, you state your caseSecond, you prove your case
We use “logic” to state our case and “evidence” to prove it
Using Logic and Evidence to Persuade
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Argument by ExampleArgument by AnalogyArgument by DeductionArgument by CauseEmotional Appeals
Types of Arguments
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Argument by Example
Inductive reasoning begins with specific examples and ends with general conclusions. The goal is to reach a general conclusion or
discover something new. For this type of reasoning, the specific examples MUST be
representative.
Inductive reasoning can be used with Propositions of Fact, Value and Policy.
Argument by Analogy
Reasoning by analogy is a type of inductive reasoning. However, in this type of
reasoning, the examples are compared instead of accumulated. True
similarity/dissimilarity between specific and representative examples is key.
Reasoning by analogy can be used for Propositions of fact, value or policy.
Argument by Deduction
Deductive reasoning begins with a general statement and ends with a general
conclusion. The goal is to come up with a general conclusion by applying what is known.
This type of reasoning proceeds from a syllogism (major premise/general conclusion
MUST be true).
Deductive reasoning can be used to argue Propositions of Fact, Value and Policy.
Emotional response theory suggests that emotional responses can be classified along
three dimensions: pleasure, arousal, and dominance. On each dimension, you might have feelings that range anywhere along a continuum
from low to high. The goal when using emotional appeals is to create cognitive
dissonance.NEVER use emotional appeals when arguing
Propositions of Fact.
Reasoning by Emotional Appeals
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Causal FallacyBandwagon Fallacy
Either/Or FallacyHasty Generalization
Ad HominemRed Herring
Appeal to Misplaced AuthorityNon Sequitur
Reasoning Fallacies
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Reasoning FallaciesFrom “A Magical Journey Through the Land of Logical Fallacies” in Skeptoid 2
What type of reasoning is this?
What type of reasoning is this?
What type of reasoning is this?
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PowerPoint™ Presentation Prepared by
Diana M. Cooley, Ph.D.Lone Star College – North
Harris Houston, Texas
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