Copyright © 2012 Certification Partners, LLC -- All Rights Reserved Network Technology Associate v2.0.

Copyright © 2012 Certification Partners, LLC -- All Rights Reserved

Network Technology Associate v2.0


Lesson 1:Introduction to Networking


Lesson 1 Objectives

• Define telephony and convergence networking• Identify network topologies• Describe the OSI/RM and the packet-creation process• Define the nature and purpose of TCP/IP• Define LANs and WANs• Describe server-based and peer-to-peer networks• Describe a Network Operations Center (NOC)• Describe peer-to-peer and server-based networks• Distinguish between distributed architectures and

database models


Telephony and Convergence Networking

• PSTN – still an integral part of the Internet infrastructure because it furnishes most of the long-distance connections

• Voice over IP (VoIP) – voice transmissions are delivered in digital form as packets of data using an Internet connection and hardware or software installed on personal computers

• Unified communications enable voice to be converted into text, and vice versa

• Presencing – the ability for devices to automatically track and report your location and availability


Mainframes

• Mainframe (centralized) computing provided the first practical network solution– Retrieving information from mainframes– Mainframe liabilities– The future of mainframes– Mainframes and cloud computing / Software as

a Service (SaaS)


Mainframe Networking Model


Client/Server Model

• Client/server model (distributed computing) divides processing tasks between the client and the server


Client/Server Model (cont'd)

• Client/server model databases and SQL• Hadoop • Client/server advantages• Two-tier, three-tier and n-tier computing


Network Operations Center (NOC)

• A specific location from which a network is managed, monitored and maintained

• Central point for network maintenance and troubleshooting

• Generally includes multiple, redundant network connections and redundant power supplies

• Many have dedicated phone lines from a separate provider and mobile phones to ensure communication in an emergency


Networking Categories

• Peer-to-peer– Microsoft peer-to-peer– P2P– Centralized or decentralized

• Server-based– UNIX/Linux– Microsoft Windows Server


Network Topologies

• Bus• Star• Ring• Hybrid• Mesh


Network Operating Systems

• Operating systems that manage network resources

• Interoperability• Microsoft Windows• UNIX/Linux


OSI Reference Model

• Defined by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) in 1983

• Gives developers universal concepts so they can develop and perfect protocols that can work with operating system and network products developed by other vendors

• Explains the framework used to connect heterogeneous systems

• Describes the process of packet creation (how the layers communicate)


OSI Model Layers


Packets

• Packets consist of:– Header (OSI/RM

layer information)– Actual data– Trailer (information

that validates the packet)

• CRCTrailer

Data

Header


Packet Creation (Adding Headers)


OSI/RM Protocol Examples

• Application layer– SMTP, DNS, FTP, HTTP, SMB, NFS

• Transport layer– TCP

• Network layer– IP

• Data link layer– Ethernet, Token Ring


MajorNetworking Protocols

• Connection-oriented (stateful)• Connectionless (stateless)• Routable• Non-routable


Transmission Control Protocol / Internet Protocol (TCP / IP)

• Transmission Control Protocol / Internet Protocol• A collection of protocols

– TCP– IP– User Datagram Protocol (UDP)

• An open standard


Binding Protocols

• Binding protocols– You must attach, or bind, protocols to your NIC

• Protocols and binding order


Local AreaNetworks (LANs)

• A group of computers connected within a confined geographic area

• Commonly used for intra-office communication


Wide AreaNetworks (WANs)

• A group of computers connected over an expansive geographic area


Internet Exchange Point (IXP)

• Internet backbones• Segments


Lesson 1 Summary

Define telephony and convergence networking Identify network topologies Describe the OSI/RM and the packet-creation process Define the nature and purpose of TCP/IP Define LANs and WANs Describe server-based and peer-to-peer networks Describe a Network Operations Center (NOC) Describe peer-to-peer and server-based networks Distinguish between distributed architectures and

database models


Network Technology Associate v2.0

Introduction to Networking Networking Components and Standards Connecting to the Internet Internet Services Hardware and Device Connectivity Network and Cloud Security Risks

Copyright © 2012 Certification Partners, LLC -- All Rights Reserved Network Technology Associate v2.0.

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