Copyright © 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Medical Terminology: A Short Course 5 th Edition Davi-Ellen Chabner.

Copyright © 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Medical TerminologyMedical Terminology: :

A Short CourseA Short Course

55thth Edition Edition

Davi-Ellen ChabnerDavi-Ellen Chabner

Female Reproductive SystemFemale Reproductive System



Learning ObjectivesLearning Objectives

Name the major organs of the female Name the major organs of the female reproductive system, their locations, and reproductive system, their locations, and combining forms.combining forms.

Explain how these organs and their hormones Explain how these organs and their hormones function in the processes of menstruation and function in the processes of menstruation and pregnancy.pregnancy.

Identify abnormal conditions of the female Identify abnormal conditions of the female reproductive system and of the newborn reproductive system and of the newborn child.child.


Learning Objectives Learning Objectives (cont’d.)(cont’d.)

Describe important laboratory tests and Describe important laboratory tests and clinical procedures used in gynecology and clinical procedures used in gynecology and obstetrics, and recognize related obstetrics, and recognize related abbreviations.abbreviations.

Apply your new knowledge to understanding Apply your new knowledge to understanding medical terms in their proper contexts, such medical terms in their proper contexts, such as medical reports and records.as medical reports and records.


IINTRODUCTIONNTRODUCTION

Sexual Reproduction Sexual Reproduction Union of the nuclei of ovum and Union of the nuclei of ovum and

sperm cellsperm cell Ovum and Sperm cells are called Ovum and Sperm cells are called

gametegamete Each Gamete contains half the Each Gamete contains half the

number of chromosomes of a number of chromosomes of a normal body cell.normal body cell.



Gametes Gametes

(ovum and sperm cell)(ovum and sperm cell)

Gametes are produced in the Gametes are produced in the gonads.gonads.

Female gonads are the ovaries; Female gonads are the ovaries; male gonads are the testes.male gonads are the testes.


FertilizationFertilization An ovum leaves the ovaries and travels An ovum leaves the ovaries and travels

through the fallopian tube.through the fallopian tube. Fertilization takes place if sperm cells Fertilization takes place if sperm cells

are present and unite with the ovum. are present and unite with the ovum. Fertilized egg implants then divides to Fertilized egg implants then divides to

form a ball of cells, called a zygote (and form a ball of cells, called a zygote (and later an embryo and then a fetus).later an embryo and then a fetus).



Organs of Organs of the female the female reproductive reproductive system, system, lateral viewlateral view..

ORGANS OF THE ORGANS OF THE FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM


Organs of the female reproductive system Organs of the female reproductive system anterior view – p. 230anterior view – p. 230



The BreastThe Breast sagittal viewsagittal view



MENSTRUATION AND MENSTRUATION AND PREGNANCYPREGNANCY

MENSTRUAL CYCLEMENSTRUAL CYCLE Day 1-5Day 1-5 Blood cells, endometrial cells, and glandular Blood cells, endometrial cells, and glandular

secretions discharge from the bodysecretions discharge from the body

Day 6-12Day 6-12 Estrogen aids repair of endometrium. Estrogen aids repair of endometrium. The ovum grows in the follicle.The ovum grows in the follicle.

Day 13-14Day 13-14 Egg leaves the ovary and passes through Egg leaves the ovary and passes through the fallopian tubethe fallopian tube

Day 15-28Day 15-28 Corpus luteum secretes progesterone; Corpus luteum secretes progesterone; uterus lining builds up.uterus lining builds up.



MENSTRUAL CYCLE



PREGNANCYPREGNANCY If fertilization occurs, the egg implants in the If fertilization occurs, the egg implants in the

uterine endometriumuterine endometrium Placenta forms within the uterine wallPlacenta forms within the uterine wall Amnion holds the fetus in an amniotic cavityAmnion holds the fetus in an amniotic cavity Nutrients, oxygen and wastes exchange Nutrients, oxygen and wastes exchange

between fetus and motherbetween fetus and mother Placenta produces human chorionic Placenta produces human chorionic

gonadotropin (hCG)gonadotropin (hCG)



A. Implantation in the uterus. B. Embryo’s relationship to the placenta



PREGNANCYPREGNANCY Progesterone maintains placenta Progesterone maintains placenta

developmentdevelopment Uterus expands as fetus growsUterus expands as fetus grows Normal delivery fetal position in cephalic Normal delivery fetal position in cephalic

presentation (head first)presentation (head first)



PREGNANCYPREGNANCY

THREE PHASES of LaborTHREE PHASES of Labor1.1. Dilation of the cervixDilation of the cervix

2.2. Birth of the infantBirth of the infant

3.3. Delivery of the placentaDelivery of the placenta



A, Cephalic presentation. B, Delivery of the placenta.


HORMONAL INTERACTIONSHORMONAL INTERACTIONS

Pituitary secretes: Pituitary secretes: Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) Luteinizing hormone (LH)Luteinizing hormone (LH)

Pituitary stops producing FSH and LHPituitary stops producing FSH and LH During pregnancyDuring pregnancy With oral contraceptivesWith oral contraceptives


Hormonal Interactions Hormonal Interactions (cont’d.)(cont’d.)

MenopauseMenopause Gradual ending of the menstrual cycle Gradual ending of the menstrual cycle Normally begins between 45 and 55Normally begins between 45 and 55 Estrogen levels fall Estrogen levels fall Option for Estrogen replacement therapy (careful Option for Estrogen replacement therapy (careful

consideration of risks required)consideration of risks required)


cervic/ocervic/o cervix, neckcervix, neck

colp/ocolp/o vaginavagina hyster/ohyster/o uterus, wombuterus, womb mamm/omamm/o breastbreast mast/omast/o breastbreast metri/ometri/o uterusuterus uter/outer/o uterusuterus

Combining FormCombining Form MeaningMeaning

TERMINOLOGY: COMBINING TERMINOLOGY: COMBINING FORMS, SUFFIXES, AND PREFIXESFORMS, SUFFIXES, AND PREFIXES


COMBINING FORMSCOMBINING FORMS

o/oo/o eggegg oophor/ooophor/o ovaryovary ovari/oovari/o ovaryovary salping/osalping/o fallopian tubefallopian tube


TERMINOLOGY: COMBINING TERMINOLOGY: COMBINING FORMS, SUFFIXES, AND PREFIXESFORMS, SUFFIXES, AND PREFIXES


QUICK QUIZQUICK QUIZ::

Which term means removal of the Which term means removal of the breast?breast?

A.A. hysterectomy hysterectomyB.B. mastectomy mastectomyC.C. mastitis mastitisD.D. mammoplasty mammoplasty


PATHOLOGY: UterusPATHOLOGY: Uterus AmenorrheaAmenorrhea

Absence of menstrual flowAbsence of menstrual flow

CervicitisCervicitis• Inflammation of the cervixInflammation of the cervix

Carcinoma of the endometriumCarcinoma of the endometrium• Malignant tumor of the uterusMalignant tumor of the uterus

DysmenorrheaDysmenorrheapainful menstrual flowpainful menstrual flow

EndometriosisEndometriosis• Endometrial tissue located outside the uterusEndometrial tissue located outside the uterus


PATHOLOGY: Uterus – PATHOLOGY: Uterus – (cont.)(cont.)

MenorrhagiaMenorrhagia Excessive discharge Excessive discharge

(-rrhagia)(-rrhagia) FibroidsFibroids

Benign tumors of the Benign tumors of the uterusuterus

Figure shows location Figure shows location of uterine fibroids.of uterine fibroids. p. 86p. 86


Pathology: Gynecological and Pathology: Gynecological and BreastBreast

BreastBreast Carcinoma of the breastCarcinoma of the breast Fibrocystic diseaseFibrocystic disease


PATHOLOGY: PATHOLOGY:

OvariesOvaries Ovarian carcinomaOvarian carcinoma

• Malignant tumor of the ovaryMalignant tumor of the ovary

Ovarian cystsOvarian cysts• Collections of fluid within a sac in the ovaryCollections of fluid within a sac in the ovary

Fallopian TubesFallopian Tubes Pelvic inflammatory diseasePelvic inflammatory disease

• Examples: salpingitis, oophoritis, endometritisExamples: salpingitis, oophoritis, endometritis


Pathology: Breast Pathology: Breast

Carcinoma of the breastCarcinoma of the breast

Image A Image A shows (arrows) shows (arrows) mammogram of invasive mammogram of invasive carcinoma of the breast. carcinoma of the breast.

Image B Image B is a cut section of is a cut section of invasive ductal cardinoma invasive ductal cardinoma

of the breast.of the breast.


PATHOLOGY: PregnancyPATHOLOGY: Pregnancy

Abruptio placentaeAbruptio placentae Premature separation of the implanted placentaPremature separation of the implanted placenta

ChoriocarcinomaChoriocarcinoma Malignant tumor of the placentaMalignant tumor of the placenta

Ectopic pregnancyEctopic pregnancy Misplaced implantation of eggMisplaced implantation of egg

Placenta previaPlacenta previa PreeclampsiaPreeclampsia


PATHOLOGY: NeonatalPATHOLOGY: Neonatal

Down syndromeDown syndrome HydrocephalusHydrocephalus Meconium aspiration syndromeMeconium aspiration syndrome


PATHOLOGY: NeonatalPATHOLOGY: Neonatal

APGAR SCORING CHARTAPGAR SCORING CHART Assessment of newbornAssessment of newborn Scoring 1 to 5 mins after birthScoring 1 to 5 mins after birth


Clinical Tests and ProceduresClinical Tests and Procedures

Clinical testsClinical tests Pap smearPap smear Pregnancy testPregnancy test

ProceduresProcedures X-rays: X-rays: Mammogram – p. 94Mammogram – p. 94 UltrasoundUltrasound Gynecological procedures: Gynecological procedures: Tubal Ligation – p. 17Tubal Ligation – p. 17 Procedures during pregnancy: Procedures during pregnancy: Aminocentesis – p.91Aminocentesis – p.91


Clinical ProceduresClinical Procedures

Gynecological proceduresGynecological procedures ConizationConization

Removal of a cone-Removal of a cone-shaped section of shaped section of the cervix.the cervix.

Figure shows Figure shows LEEP for cone LEEP for cone biospsybiospsy


Clinical ProceduresClinical Procedures

Gynecological proceduresGynecological procedures

Laparoscopic Oophorectomy – Laparoscopic Oophorectomy – P.92P.92

A. Ovary placed in plastic bag.A. Ovary placed in plastic bag. B. Extracted through the B. Extracted through the

laparoscopelaparoscope


Clinical Tests and ProceduresClinical Tests and Procedures

ProceduresProcedures during pregnancyduring pregnancy Amniocentesis – p. 91Amniocentesis – p. 91

Needle placement guided by ultrasound images.Needle placement guided by ultrasound images.


REVIEW SHEETREVIEW SHEET COMBINING FORMSCOMBINING FORMS

cervic/ocervic/o __________________

colp/ocolp/o __________________

vagin/ovagin/o __________________ hyster/ohyster/o __________________ mamm/omamm/o __________________ mast/omast/o __________________ metri/ometri/o __________________



REVIEW SHEETREVIEW SHEETCOMBINING FORMSCOMBINING FORMS

uter/outer/o ____________________ o/oo/o ____________________ oophor/ooophor/o ____________________ ovari/oovari/o ____________________ salping/osalping/o ____________________




cervic/ocervic/o cervix, neckcervix, neck

colp/ocolp/o vaginavagina

vaginavagina vaginavagina hyster/ohyster/o uterus, wombuterus, womb mamm/omamm/o breastbreast mast/omast/o breastbreast metri/ometri/o uterusuterus uter/outer/o uterusuterus


REVIEW SHEETREVIEW SHEET



o/oo/o eggegg oophor/ooophor/o ovaryovary ovari/oovari/o ovaryovary salping/osalping/o fallopian tubefallopian tube


REVIEW SHEETREVIEW SHEET


What are these useful What are these useful abbreviations? abbreviations? p. 233p. 233

CSCS D&CD&C DUBDUB GYNGYN HRTHRT IVFIVF OFOF PIDPID TAH-BSOTAH-BSO

Copyright © 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Medical Terminology: A Short Course 5 th Edition Davi-Ellen Chabner.

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