Copyright © 2005 by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Slide 0 Copyright © 2005 by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Copyright © 2005 by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Slide 1

Copyright © 2005 by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Chapter 5Digestive System

Copyright © 2005 by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.


Learning Objectives

Name the organs of the digestive system and describe their locations and functions.

Describe disease processes and symptoms that affect these organs.

Define combining forms for organs and the meaning of related terminology using these word parts.


Chapter 5Lesson 5.1

Background Assessment

What is the difference between the small and large intestine?

What are the three functions of the digestive system? Describe each function.


Introduction

Digestive or gastrointestinal system

performs three main functions: digestion absorption elimination


Organs of the Digestive System

The gastrointestinal tracts begins with the oral cavity.


Oral Cavity

Major parts of the oral cavity


Oral Cavity (cont’d.)

Upper permanent teeth within the dental arch



Anatomy of a tooth



Salivary glands


Pharynx

Deglutition


Esophagus/Stomach

Parts of the stomach


Small Intestine

Parts of the small intestine


Small Intestine (cont’d.)

Villi in the lining of the small intestine


Large Intestine

Parts of the large intestine


Liver, Gallbladder, and Pancreas

Parts of the liver, gallbladder, and pancreas


Liver, Gallbladder, and Pancreas (cont’d.)

Bilirubin pathway from bloodstream to elimination in feces



Besides producing bile and

releasing bilirubin, the liver: helps maintain normal blood glucose

levels manufactures blood proteins

necessary for clotting removes toxins and poisons from the

blood



The pancreas and its functions


Food enters through the oral cavity and exits through the anus

Food Pathway through the GI Tract


Combining Forms, Suffixes, and Terminology

Examples of Combining Forms

Combining Form Meaning Terminology

bucc/o cheek buccal mucosa

celi/o belly, abdomen celiac

dent/l tooth dentibuccal

esophag/o esophagus esophageal

sialaden/o salivary gland sialadenitis


Combining Forms, Suffixes, and Terminology (cont’d.)

Three types of anastomoses


Combining Forms, Suffixes, and Terminology (cont’d.)

Examples of Suffixes

Suffix Meaning Terminology

-ase enzyme lipase

-chezia defecation hematochezia

-iasis abnormal condition choledocholithiasis

-prandial meal postprandial


Chapter 5Lesson 5.2

Critical Thinking ?

Frank, who is 72 yr. old, comes into the ER department with rectal bleeding. What could be the problem? What dietary changes can reduce the risk of this problem?


Critical Thinking ?

Alexandra has chronic heartburn. What could be causing the heartburn? What is the name for the condition? What can be done to treat it? What could happen if it isn’t treated?


Pathology of the Digestive System

Examples of symptoms: anorexia - lack of appetite eructation - gas expelled from the

stomach through the mouth steatorrhea - fat in the feces; frothy,

foul-smelling fecal matter ascites - abnormal accumulation of

fluid in the abdomen


Pathological Conditions

Oral Cavity and Teeth aphthous stomatitis - inflammation of

the mouth with small, painful ulcers dental caries - tooth decay


Pathological Conditions (cont’d.)

Upper Gastrointestinal Tract esophageal varices - swollen,

varicose veins in the distal portion of the esophagus or upper part of the stomach

gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) - solids and fluids return to the mouth from the stomach



Upper Gastrointestinal Tract achalasia - failure of the lower esophagus

sphincter (LES) muscle to relax



Lower Gastrointestinal Tract colonic polyposis - polyps (benign

growths) protrude from the mucous membrane of the colon

diverticulosis - abnormal side pockets (outpouchings) in the intestinal wall



LowerGastrointestinalTract anal fistula -

abnormal tube-like passageway near the anus

colonic polyposis



Liver, Gallbladder, and Pancreas cirrhosis - chronic degenerative

disease of the liver viral hepatitis - inflammation of the

liver caused by a virus



Liver, Gallbladder, and Pancreas cholelithiasis -

gallstones in the gallbladder

Copyright © 2005 by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Slide 0 Copyright © 2005 by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Documents

pancreas contd

terminology contd

toothoral cavity contd

oral cavityoral cavity

dental archoral cavity

digestive systemcopyright

terminologycombining

anuscombining forms