Copyright 1994-2000 Genelex Corporation Forensic DNA Analysis Forensic DNA Analysis • Forensic testing (Criminal) ~25,000 cases per year 75% in sexual assault • Paternity testing (Civil) 220,000 cases per year • Offender Profiling >500,000 total profiles completed
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Copyright 1994-2000 Genelex Corporation Forensic DNA Analysis Forensic testing (Criminal) ~25,000 cases per year 75% in sexual assault Paternity testing.
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Copyright 1994-2000
Genelex Corporation
Forensic DNA AnalysisForensic DNA Analysis
• Forensic testing (Criminal)~25,000 cases per year75% in sexual assault
• Paternity testing (Civil)220,000 cases per year
• Offender Profiling>500,000 total profiles completed
Copyright 1994-2000
Genelex Corporation
DNA Identification ApplicationsDNA Identification Applications
• Sexual assault
• Homicide and other violent crimes
• Exculpate wrongly accused suspects
• Identify serial crimes
• Identify human remains
• Sex offender tracking
Copyright 1994-2000
Genelex Corporation
Comparison of Comparison of Forensic DNA Analysis MethodsForensic DNA Analysis Methods
• Tissues...store frozen, preferably without preservatives
• Liquid blood...refrigerate up to a few weeks (longer term, freeze stains for DNA testing)
Copyright 1994-2000
Genelex Corporation
Environmental Effects on RFLP TestsEnvironmental Effects on RFLP Tests
Conditions• Sunlight, moderate temp.• Hot, humid weather• No sunlight, hot weather• Gas, oil, detergent, acid,
base, salt, bleach, non-human DNA
• Soil
Can Be Tested-Up to 6 weeks
-10 days or less-5 months or more-No effect
-Precludes test
Copyright 1994-2000
Genelex Corporation
Information StorageInformation Storage
Copyright 1994-2000
Genelex Corporation
Organization of InformationOrganization of Information
Volumes in a Set of Encyclopedias
23 Pairs ofChromosomes in a Cell
Printed Genetic
1 2 3 4 5 6
Copyright 1994-2000
Genelex Corporation
Identification of InformationIdentification of Information
Printed Information
Volume, Page, Line No.
Genetic Information
Chromosome, Locus
D2S44 D439S1
Copyright 1994-2000
Genelex Corporation
FertilizationFertilization
Father’s Sperm Mother’s Egg
Child’s Cell
Copyright 1994-2000
Genelex Corporation
Characteristics of DNACharacteristics of DNA
• Each person has a unique DNA profile.
• Each person's DNA is the same in every cell.
• An individual’s DNA profile remains the same throughout life.
• Most DNA is the same from person to person.
• Some DNA varies from person to person.
Copyright 1994-2000
Genelex Corporation
Father: DNA is a long, long, long, long molecule that is tightly wound.
Mother: DNA is a long, long molecule that is tightly wound.
Molecular “Scissors” (Restriction Enzyme)
Variable DNA SectionsVariable DNA Sections
Copyright 1994-2000
Genelex Corporation
Variation in the DQA GeneVariation in the DQA Gene
1.1 Therr are six versions of the DQA gene1.2 Theee are six versions of the DQA gene1.3 Ttere are six versions of the DQA gene2.0 There are six bersions of the DQA gene3.0 There are six versions of the DQA jene4.0 There are sis versions of the DQA gene
Copyright 1994-2000
Genelex Corporation
Size Separation of DNA by Gel ElectrophoresisSize Separation of DNA by Gel Electrophoresis