Copy of SIPRI+Milex+Data+1988-2010

Click on the buttons below to see the data.

SIPRI Military Expenditure Database© SIPRI 2011

The SIPRI Military Expenditure Database includes data for 170 countries for the period 1988-2010.*

For information on the sources and methods for SIPRI data, including methods for calculating calendar year data from financial year data, for calculating constant price US$ figures, and for estimating missing data for countries as part of the world and regional totals, see http://www.sipri.org/research/armaments/milex/resultoutput/sources_methods.

This workbook includes the following worksheets:

1) Estimates of world, regional and subregional totals in constant (2009) US$ (billions), and in current (2010) US$b. for 2010.2) Data for military expenditure by country in current price local currency, presented according to each country's financial year.3) Data for military expenditure by country in current price local currency, presented according to calendar year.4) Data for military expenditure by country in constant price US$ (millions), presented according to calendar year, and in current (2010) US$m. for 2010.5) Data for military expenditure by country as a share of GDP, presented according to calendar year.6) Indicators of 'bracketing' for each country-year, indicating when a figure is considered highly uncertain or where it is a SIPRI estimate. This sheet also gives indicators of footnotes and other special notes for each country.7) List of footnotes by country.

*In addition, the former People's Democratic Republic of Yemen is listed, although no data is currently available for this country.

World and regional totals

Local currency, financial years

Local currency, calendar years

Constant (2009) US$ Share of GDP

Brackets and indicators Footnotes

The information in this document is the intellectual property of SIPRI. Under SIPRI's "fair use" policy, the data may be freely used for non-commercial purposes , including research, news reporting, comment, the production of educational materials that are not sold commercially, etc., provided that a) SIPRI is cited as the source of the data, with the citation: "SIPRI Military Expenditure Database 2011, http://milexdata.sipri.org" and b) no more than 10% of the entire dataset is reproduced.

Any commercial use of the data (whether more or less than 10% of the dataset), or any reproduction of more than 10% of the entire dataset, requires specific permission from SIPRI, for which a fee will normally be charged based on the cost of generating the data. Contact [email protected] for further information.

For the purpose of the above, 10% of the SIPRI Military Expenditure Database is defined to consist of 1,000 individual units of data, where a unit of data consists of a figure for military expenditure for one country in one year either in local currency at current prices (financial or calendar year), constant (2009) US$, current (2010) US$, or as a share of GDP, in each case together with relevant information contained in the bracketing, special note indicators and footnotes for that country and year; or an estimate of a world or regional total in constant (2009) US$ or current (2010) US$, together with the information contained in any bracketing for that figure.

Military expenditure by region in constant US dollars, 1988–2010Figures are in US$ b., at constant 2009 prices and exchange rates, except for the last figure which is in US$ b. at 2010 prices and exchange rates. All world totals and most regional totals include estimates for at least one country.Figures do not always add up to totals because of the conventions of rounding.Figures in round brackets indicate that more than 10% of the total figure consists of estimates for countries for which data is missing.The symbol ". ." indicates that data is unavailable, or that the world or regional estimate is considered too uncertain to be reliable.The symbol "xxx" indicates that none of the countries in the relevant sub-region (Central Asia) were indpendent at this time.

1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993World total 1441 1413 1339 . . 1108 1069Geographical regions

Africa 13.9 14.2 14.6 13.0 12.0 14.3North Africa 3 4 4 4 4 4Sub-Saharan Africa 10.6 10.7 11.1 9.4 8.0 10.1

Americas 583 577 547 481 507 487North America 549 543 520 457 482 458Central America & the Caribbean 2.8 2.9 3.0 3.2 3.5 3.6South America 31.2 30.7 24.4 20.6 21.1 25.5

Asia and Oceania 119 124 128 131 139 142Central Asia xxx xxx xxx xxx 0.9 0.9East Asia 88.4 92.4 96.8 100.0 107 108South Asia 18.3 19.2 19.3 18.7 18.5 20.3Oceania 12.6 12.3 12.3 12.4 12.6 13.0

Europe 673 648 579 . . 388 368Western Europe 317 318 320 317 306 296Eastern Europe 296 275 233 . . 59.1 52.5Central Europe 59.5 . . 26.5 19.6 23.1 19.0

Middle East 52.3 49.6 70.0 79.0 62.5 57.8

NB: Many of the figures given here differ from those published in the SIPRI Yearbook 2011. This is because the figures shown here exclude a number of countries included in the Yearbook estimates, but for which insufficient data exists to make meaningful estimates for the whole period 1988-2010. The excluded countries are: Afghanistan, Honduras, Iraq, Qatar and Vietnam. The estimates both here and in the Yearbook also exclude the following countries: Cuba, Equitorial Guinea, Guyana, Haiti, North Korea, Myanmar, Somalia, Trinidad & Tobago, Yemen (South), Yugoslavia (former) and Zimbabwe. This is due either to data being missing for too many years to make meaningful estimates, or to an absence of economic data to enable conversion to constant (2009) US$.

Front page

Figures are in US$ b., at constant 2009 prices and exchange rates, except for the last figure which is in US$ b. at 2010 prices and exchange rates.

Figures in round brackets indicate that more than 10% of the total figure consists of estimates for countries for which data is missing.The symbol ". ." indicates that data is unavailable, or that the world or regional estimate is considered too uncertain to be reliable.The symbol "xxx" indicates that none of the countries in the relevant sub-region (Central Asia) were indpendent at this time.

1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 20021035 983 961 973 962 980 1017 1039 1102

13.7 12.8 12.4 12.9 13.7 19.0 17.0 17.4 18.45 4 4.6 5.0 5.2 4.9 4.9 6.2 6.3

9.1 8.5 7.9 7.9 8.5 14.2 12.1 11.2 12.1

461 442 418 417 409 411 428 435 482430 407 384 382 374 375 389 392 4394.3 3.7 3.8 3.9 4.0 4.2 4.4 4.5 4.4

26.5 31.7 29.8 32.0 31.7 31.8 35.2 38.7 38.3

143 145 150 154 156 161 165 176 1850.7 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.8 0.9

108 110 115 117 118 120 122 131 14020.5 21.5 21.8 23.2 24.0 26.9 28.0 28.8 28.813.2 12.8 12.7 12.9 13.4 14.0 14.0 14.5 15.0

361 330 328 331 320 326 335 336 347288 278 280 279 280 286 287 285 292

52.4 32.0 28.4 31.7 20.9 21.4 28.8 31.4 34.820.2 20.2 19.8 20.4 19.5 19.0 19.1 19.8 20.2

56.7 52.7 52.3 57.4 62.2 62.1 71.3 74.7 70.3

NB: Many of the figures given here differ from those published in the SIPRI Yearbook 2011. This is because the figures shown here exclude a number of countries included in the Yearbook estimates, but for which insufficient data exists to make meaningful estimates for the whole period 1988-2010. The excluded countries are: Afghanistan, Honduras, Iraq, Qatar and Vietnam. The estimates both here and in the Yearbook also exclude the following countries: Cuba, Equitorial Guinea, Guyana, Haiti, North Korea, Myanmar, Somalia, Trinidad & Tobago, Yemen (South), Yugoslavia (former) and Zimbabwe. This is due either to data being missing for too many years to make meaningful estimates, or to an absence of economic data to enable conversion to constant (2009) US$.

2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 20101172 1237 1288 1328 1375 1446 1540 1559

18.3 20.5 21.4 22.3 23.2 25.6 27.1 28.56.5 7.1 7.3 7.4 8.0 9.4 10 10.6

11.8 13.5 14.0 14.9 15.2 16.2 17.1 17.9

537 583 613 626 644 692 745 767.7498 542 568 577 593 637 688 707.34.2 3.9 4.2 4.5 5.0 5.1 5.5 5.6

35.1 37.4 41.1 44.3 46.2 49.4 51.8 54.8

193 204 214 227 244 258 284 2881.0 1.2 1.3 1.5 2.0 2.0 2.0 . .

147 153 161 172 187 197 218 22229.6 33.6 35.2 35.7 36.4 39.6 43.6 42.615.3 15.9 16.4 17.3 18.4 19.0 20.4 21.3

351 353 354 361 367 378 387 376293 293 289 291 291 297 306 297

37.2 39.0 43.1 48.1 53.1 58.5 59.8 59.120.6 20.5 21.4 22.0 23.3 22.2 21.4 20.5

72.7 77.4 85.2 91.9 96.8 93 97 98.6

2010 (current prices)1620

30.110.619.5

7917216.2

63.3

314. .

23749.825.7

382295

65.520.9

104

Military expenditure by country, in local currency, 1988-2010Figures are in local currency at current prices and are for financial years. Countries are grouped by region and subregion.All data are expressed in the most recent currency for each country.". ." = data unavailable. "xxx" = country did not exist or was not independent during all or part of the year in question.

Country Currency Financial year star 1988 1989AfricaNorth AfricaAlgeria b. dinars January 6.1 6.5

Libya m. dinars January . . . .

Morocco m. dirhams Special, see notes 7530 8408

Tunisia m. dinars January 200 222Sub-Saharan

Angola m./b. kwanzas January . . . .

Benin b. CFA francs January 11 9.1Botswana m. pula April 182 216Burkina Faso b. CFA francs January 14 17.6Burundi b. francs January 4.8 6.0Cameroon b. CFA francs January 45.5 48.2Cape Verde m. escudos January 366 . .Central African Rep. m. CFA francs January . . . .Chad b. CFA francs January . . . .Congo m. CFA francs January . . . .Congo, Dem. Rep. m. francs January . . . .Côte d’Ivoire b. CFA francs January 38.2 41.4Djibouti m. francs January 5520 5525Equatorial Guinea m. CFA francs January . . . .Eritrea m. nakfa January xxx xxxEthiopia m. birr July 1494 1741Gabon b. CFA francs January . . . .Gambia m. dalasis January 17.9 23.4Ghana m. cedis January 0.5 0.6Guinea b. francs January . . . .Guinea-Bissau m. CFA francs January . . 123Kenya m. shillings July 4021 5385Lesotho m. maloti April 44.1 75.7Liberia m. dollars July 26.5 . .Madagascar b. ariary January 9.3 9.7Malawi m. kwacha April 53.1 66.1Mali b. CFA francs January 14.3 14.7Mauritania b. ouguiyas January 3.2 3.2Mauritius m. rupees July 73 120Mozambique m. meticais January 33.5 58.9Namibia m. dollars April xxx xxxNiger b. CFA francs January . . . .Nigeria b. naira January 1.2 1.3Rwanda b. francs Special, see notes 2.8 3.3Senegal b. CFA francs January 29.6 30.5Seychelles m. rupees January 65.4 73.6Sierra Leone m. leones January 230 577Somalia m. shillings January 7918 4200South Africa m. rand April 8952 9685

Sudan m. pounds January 1.7 . .Swaziland m. emalangeni April 20.8 26.6Tanzania b. shillings July 14.1 16.1Togo m. CFA francs January 12834 13354Uganda b. shillings July 21.3 41.1Zambia b. kwacha January 0.7 2.3Zimbabwe SEE FOOTNOTE m. dollars January 0.7 0.9

AmericasCentral America and the CaribbeanBelize m. dollars April 8.3 8.8Costa Rica m. colones January 0 0Cuba m. pesos January 1274 1377Dominican Rep. m. pesos January 375 440El Salvador m. US dollar January 88.8 106Guatemala m. quetzales January 327 364Haiti m. gourdes April 10 11.6Honduras m. lempiras January . . . .Jamaica m. dollars April . . 180Mexico m. pesos January 2133 2713Nicaragua m. córdobas January . . . .Panama m. balboas January 103 102Trinidad & Tobago m. Dollars October . . . .North AmericaCanada m. dollars April 12336 12854USA m. dollars October 293093 304085South AmericaArgentina m. pesos January 1.6 45.8Bolivia m. bolivianos January . . 267Brazil m. reais January . . . .Chile b. pesos January 298 309Colombia b. pesos January 352 496Ecuador m. US dollars January 198 189Guyana m. dollars January 83.9 124Paraguay b. guaranies January . . 55.2Peru m. nuevos solesJanuary . . 0.2Uruguay m. pesos January 78 153Venezuela m. bolivares f January . . . .

Asia & OceaniaCentral AsiaKazakhstan b. tenge January xxx xxxKyrgyzstan m. som January xxx xxxTajikistan m. somoni January xxx xxxTurkmenistan b. manat January xxx xxxUzbekistan b. sum January xxx xxxEast AsiaBrunei m. dollars Special, see notes 359 363Cambodia b. riel January 2.5 4.8China, P. R. b. yuan January . . 44Indonesia b. rupiah Special, see notes 1936 2136Japan b. yen April 3700 3920Korea, North m. won January 3863 4060Korea, South b. won January 5952 6485Laos b. kip January . . . .Malaysia m. ringgit January 2241 2761

Mongolia m. tugriks January 900 850Myanmar b. kyats April 1.8 4.3Philippines m. pesos January 12356 13051Singapore m. dollars April 2492 2837Taiwan b. dollars January 188 211Thailand b. baht January 44.7 48.5Viet Nam b. dong January 792 2047South AsiaAfghanistan m. afghanis January . . . .Bangladesh m. takas July 10045 11080India b. rupees April 162 175Nepal m. rupees July 899 1077Pakistan b. rupees July 49.3 52.6Sri Lanka b. rupees January 5.3 4.5OceaniaAustralia m. dollars July 7642 8292Fiji m. dollars January 35.3 43.1New Zealand m. dollars July 1673 1349Papua New Guinea m. kina January 40.1 45.6Timor Leste m. US dollars Special, see notes xxx xxx

EuropeAlbania m. leks January 955 965Armenia b. drams January xxx xxxAustria m. euros January 1538 1561Azerbaijan m. manats January xxx xxxBelarus b. roubles January xxx xxxBelgium m. euros January 3734 3791Bosnia-Herzegovina m. marka January xxx xxxBulgaria m. leva January . . 1.7Croatia m. kunas January xxx xxxCyprus m. euros January 194 207Czech Rep. m. koruny January xxx xxxCzechoslovakia m. korunas January 29236 43784Denmark m. kroner January 15620 15963Estonia m. krooni January xxx xxxFinland m. euros January 1199 1275France m. euros January 32788 34351Georgia m. lari January xxx xxxGerman DR m. marks January 21647 . .Germany m. euros January 31515 32302Greece m. euros January 1145 1220Hungary b. forint January 54.8 53.2Iceland m. krónur January . . . .Ireland m. euros January 332 344Italy m. euros January 13190 14121Latvia m. lats January xxx xxxLithuania m. litai January xxx xxxLuxembourg m. euros January 78.4 74.2Macedonia, FYR m. denars January xxx xxxMalta m. euros January 17.3 17.3Moldova m. lei January xxx xxxMontenegro m. euros January xxx xxxNetherlands m. euros January 6035 6158Norway m. kroner January 18865 20248

Poland m. zlotys January 74 215Portugal m. euros January 968 1144Romania m. new lei January 3.7 3.8Russia b. roubles January 0.138 0.134Serbia m. dinars January xxx xxxSlovak Rep. m. euros January xxx xxxSlovenia m. euros January xxx xxxSpain m. euros January 5021 5550Sweden m. kronor January 30131 32447Switzerland m. francs January 4794 5042Turkey m. liras January 3.8 7.2UK m. pounds April 19290 20868Ukraine m. hryvnias January xxx xxxYugoslavia (former) m. new dinars January . . 6113

Middle EastBahrain m. dinars January 70 74Egypt m. pounds July 3873 3926Iran b. rials April 539 648Iraq b. dinars January . . . .Israel m. new shekels January 10918 11029Jordan m. dinars January 220 220Kuwait m. dinars April 577 643Lebanon b. pounds January 16.1 . .Oman m. rials January 589 601Qatar m. riyals January . . . .Saudi Arabia b. riyals January 50.1 47.8Syria b. pounds January 13.6 15.5UAE m. dirhams January . . . .Yemen b. riyals January . . . .Yemen, North m. rials January 5533 6030Yemen, South m. dinars January . . . .

Military expenditure by country, in local currency, 1988-2010Figures are in local currency at current prices and are for financial years. Countries are grouped by region and subregion.All data are expressed in the most recent currency for each country.". ." = data unavailable. "xxx" = country did not exist or was not independent during all or part of the year in question.

1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995

8.1 10.4 23.0 29.8 46.8 58.8

. . . . . . . . . . . .

8817 9999 10489 11640 12564 18420

218 241 256 277 301 324

. . . . . . . . . . 0.6

8.9 . . . . . . . . . .316 359 381 473 452 462

19 16.2 15.5 14.1 13.9 15.26.8 7.8 8.1 8.8 10.6 10.5

50.1 50.4 46.9 48.3 56.6 56.8. . . . . . 220 281 477. . 6093 6137 5421 5935 6496. . . . . . 13.7 15.3 12.4. . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . .

39.2 40.7 41.5 42.1 46.7 . .5530 5647 5976 5521 5458 5262

. . . . . . . . 1321 1721xxx xxx xxx 539 439 771

1509 681 750 889 737 772. . . . . . . . . . . .

31.2 38.6 23.7 22.9 21.5 33.60.9 1.5 1.8 2.7 3.6 5.9

. . 54.1 50.2 42 44.8 . .

. . . . . . . . 400 6155910 4648 5406 6856 6297 9039

70 71.8 67.8 72.6 98.2 13428.3 21.7 23.6 37.3 41.3 . .11.3 12.7 8.6 14.5 16.9 23.266.4 66.5 99.1 118 159 17214.2 . . . . 16.8 22.2 26.9

3.2 3.2 3.4 3.6 3.6 4.2153 176 180 200 226 242

78.6 103 150 230 440 302513 362 353 188 207 261

. . . . . . . . 9.7 9.22.2 2.4 3.0 6.4 7.0 14.08.0 13.2 11.9 12.9 5.7 14.8

31.3 29.9 29.1 34.0 36.7 40.479.2 87.6 105 67.1 60.1 55.2

1369 4792 10081 13244 15546 18898. . . . . . . . . . . .

11042 10221 9458 10412 12580 11325

Front page

3.9 6.9 13 30 47.8 11341.2 45.2 64.7 81.8 94.9 10817.9 29.5 28.2 19.4 40.1 58.2

13817 12950 13000 14200 14100 1540050.7 57.3 61.4 88.3 116 130

4.2 5.6 16.8 23.1 42.1 47.81 1.2 1.3 1.5 21.2 2.3

9.8 9.4 11 12.7 16.8 15.90 0 0 0 0 0

1380 1160 . . 300 . . . .529 860 1172 1564 1717 1460111 116 111 102 94.7 97505 511 677 693 806 843

14 16.5 17.3 22.4 24.6 41.7. . . . . . . . . . . .

203 299 928 744 825 13053568 4828 6190 7251 9750 10996

161 289 236 226 238 26573.1 78.6 78.8 95.2 101 96.6

. . . . . . 116 138 161

13473 12830 13111 13293 13008 12457306170 280292 305141 297637 288059 278856

750 2384 2809 3276 3751 3801424 502 518 573 627 6810.2 0.7 7.5 221 5692 13140

400 502 600 693 781 866658 812 1101 1378 1618 2216202 209 211 276 291 475142 227 453 562 759 808

76.8 131 148 131 158 2044.5 308 798 1347 1727 2256

312 486 1089 1305 2791 2433. . 55.9 67.9 117 138 212

xxx xxx . . 0.3 3.8 10.8xxx xxx 12.2 82 311 558xxx xxx . . 0.2 0.3 0.7xxx xxx . . . . 1.5 15.1xxx xxx . . . . 1.0 3.4

419 424 410 378 400 40512.4 31.1 78.9 120 273 301.7

49 53.3 68.9 73.2 86.9 1052604 2822 3331.5 3388 4266 47924159 4386 4552 4641 4684 47244314 4466 4582 4692 4817 . .7156 8061 9067 9935 10863 11940

. . . . 72.5 75.5 81.9 87.63043 4323 4500 4951 5565 6121

592 888 1184 4147 6766 95475.4 6.1 9.1 13.9 17.7 23.8

14544 15778 17306 20002 23125 274933409 3523 3891 4049 4347 5492

227 239 254 322 270 28558.2 62.9 75.1 76.7 87.4 96.0

3319 4292 3730 3168 4730 . .

. . . . . . . . . . . .11205 12937 15855 16355 21687 21477

188 199 213 265 283 3271151 1489 1724 1877 2001 212664.6 75.8 87.5 91.8 105 120

7.5 11.5 14.3 17.1 21.6 39.1

8885 9148 9594 10211 10195 1048845.2 47.9 45.9 49.4 49.3 48.8

1320 1263 1179 1239 1251 138065.6 50.1 56.5 54.4 54.3 60

xxx xxx xxx xxx xxx xxx

990 . . 2475 4010 4698 4719xxx xxx 0.0065 0.0895 . . 21.2

1630 1692 1709 1788 1849 1874xxx xxx 0.1 1.5 13.8 58.4xxx xxx 0.0015 0.0275 0.64 2.1

3847 3915 3293 3213 3271 3251xxx xxx . . . . . . . .

1.7 4.1 6 7.8 20.9 25.1xxx xxx 206 4184 9748 10777

322 332 484 228 251 231xxx xxx xxx 23777 27008 28275

41900 43037 . . xxx xxx xxx16399 17091 17129 17390 17293 17468

xxx xxx 68 174 327 4171377 1497 1564 1552 1543 1402

35355 36730 36416 36771 37574 36349xxx xxx . . . . . . . .xxx xxx xxx xxx xxx xxx

34960 33530 33508 31459 30144 301591486 1683 2027 2264 2554 284258.4 61.1 70.3 76.9 90.8 89.4

. . . . . . . . . . . .463 473 490 503 538 556

14464 15592 15914 16715 16958 16300xxx xxx . . 12 19 23xxx xxx . . 90.2 83.8 122

80.1 91.2 98.2 92.7 105 104xxx xxx . . . . . . . .

15.7 16.4 19.8 21.9 24.5 25.6xxx xxx . . 9.7 36.7 60xxx xxx . . . . . . . .

6132 6148 6308 5946 5895 583721251 21313 23638 22528 24019 22224

1464 1821 2564 3847 5117 65941333 1525 1705 1758 1800 2013

3.9 10.5 25.7 55 155 2000.123 . . 1.049 9.037 35.89 63.22

xxx xxx . . . . . . . .xxx xxx xxx 273 319 621xxx xxx 95.5 109 128 166

5546 5693 5577 6340 5978 648336516 37612 37381 39004 39772 40872

5635 5760 5819 5336 5333 549313.9 23.7 42.3 77.7 157 303

22287 24380 22850 22686 22490 21439xxx xxx . . 6.9 301 1542

5180 . . xxx xxx xxx xxx

81.2 89.2 94.6 94.4 96.3 1035042 5766 6624 6982 7621 8267

749 849 947 1707 3542 3251. . . . . . . . . . . .

14070 17388 18668 22037 22830 24552214 295 250 271 285 210

4527 2821 883 916 1041 1163149 213 758 789 1071 1210742 643 778 738 779 776

. . . . . . . . . . . .61.3 61.3 57.6 61.7 53.5 49.517.2 30.2 31.1 27.9 36.6 39.7

. . . . . . . . . . . .9.7 12.3 15.7 18.4 28.3 32.9

. . xxx xxx xxx xxx xxxxxx xxx xxx xxx xxx xxx

Figures are in local currency at current prices and are for financial years. Countries are grouped by region and subregion.

1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001

79.5 101 112 122 142 162

. . 577 675 535 556 496

12946 13748 14008 13694 9129 16619

387 396 417 424 456 483

20.5 105 66.9 2977 5860 8.9

. . . . . . 11.0 10.3 9.6469 625 812 775 998 1305

15.7 15.5 19.2 21.2 21.5 22.315.4 21.8 26.3 28.5 30.5 44.262.9 75.7 86.2 92.0 83.2 99.0352 382 443 518 814 572

6239 . . . . . . . . . .15.7 12 11.8 16 18.8 22.5

. . . . . . . . . . 2837444.8 110 42.8 600 2901 . .52.5 54.6 . . . . . . . .

4359 4719 4746 4759 4625 4629. . . . . . . . . . . .

968 634 1936 2225 2220 1884835 2190 4336 6842 3307 2610

. . . . . . . . 65 6621.7 42.6 43.1 40.1 42.5 38.5

7.3 9.3 13.3 15.8 27.7 23.2. . 48.6 55.7 76.6 80.3 171

770 1061 1711 . . 6786 453310472 10182 10580 10788 14439 16258

118 137 159 225 208 199. . . . . . . . . . . .

40.2 53.5 54.9 56.6 63.9 85.7354 461 446 698 698 988

27.1 31.3 32.2 36.0 41.4 43.85.2 6.3 4.8 6.7 9.05 13.3

224 189 217 239 253 270407 485 585 722 843 1048294 416 443 714 617 9058.9 10.1 13 14.5 14.3 18.2

15.4 17.9 25.162 45.4 37.49 63.522.6 23.3 27.2 27 23.9 25.240.8 41.3 44.3 48.2 44.4 50.552.4 57.3 55.5 59.3 59 64.8

17119 9315 . . . . 48769 59408. . . . . . . . . . . .

12083 10778 11022 10577 14452 16548

Front page

133 154 522 1085 1510 1004116 119 150 161 173 168

59 86.2 92.3 99.1 117.1 147. . . . . . . . . . . .

153 150 234 231 234 24445.7 57.0 . . 134 . . . .

3.2 5.6 . . 10.1 15.4 15.8

16 19.7 . . 16.1 13.6 15.30 0 0 0 0 0

. . . . . . . . . . . .1806 2645 2858 3152 4515 588296.4 97.5 96.3 99.8 112 109784 801 894 914 1225 1546

0 0 0 0 0 0. . . . . . . . 725 907

1681 2041 1641 1802 1896 221215686 18958 22666 27803 31422 33074

266 286 278 318 391 377101 118 104 112 0 0

. . . . . . . . . . . .

11511 10831 11716 12360 12314 13191271417 276324 274278 280969 301697 312743

3378 3339 3397 3460 3265 3182750 932 1181 1020 1017 1218

14145 15021 16662 17898 20753 25557965 1114 1249 1367 1502 1615

3122 4215 3882 4429 6102 7448419 499 549 296 266 384780 . . . . . . . . . .204 264 274 262 277 270

2426 2224 2671 2773 3638 31872985 3535 3815 4174 3663 4384

306 753 795 853 1216 1383

16.3 17.9 19 17.2 20.4 32.5699 955 912 1267 1864 1734

4 10.7 17.6 18.7 21.5 29.6158 440 436 582 . . . .6.9 13.7 . . 34.9 37.5 41.1

463 548 492 438 421 390298 305 312 335.74 308.56 280125 133 150 170 183 227

5695 6487 8955 8576 . . 106734846 4948 4940 4932 4936 4955

. . . . . . . . . . . .13200 14125 14656.2 14379 15608.5 16708

71 76 110 110 107 1126091 5877 4547 6321 5826 7351

11850 14767 16750 18416 26126 2538429.0 39.627 45.04 63.453 64.0

30978 29212 31512 32959 36208 359775878 6865 7678 7595 7423 7820

292 312 286.6 258.4 242.7 248102 99.5 87.3 75.8 72.2 76.4

. . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . .24674 27052 29820 32734 34020 34020

359 435 510.619 627.499 646.972 7032358 2583 2995 3486 3817 5882

127 136 143 150 157.2 18242.4 41.2 47.3 44.6 63.3 60.3

10476 10912 11716 12371 12721 1451446.1 44.7 44.9 46.9 68.2 74.7

1331 1357 1369 1391 1453 140368 92.6 86 80 85 85.5


4777 4442 5067 5891 6519 763821.7 31.4 33.7 36.5 36.7 36.8

1891 1920 1943 1994 2090 199961.6 73.4 83 99.1 107 123

2.4 6.5 10.5 41.4 123.0 2473256 3267 3297 3378 3463 3393

. . . . . . . . . . . .38 410 564 656 746 887

10535 11072 9082 7367 5461 5251357 469 428 269 299 360

30509 31328 37643 41688 44670 44978xxx xxx xxx xxx xxx xxx

17896 18521 19071 19428 19339 21017499 736 843 1083 1329 1640

1562 1700 1761 1552 1691 165336188 36756 36012 36510 36702 37187

85.5 57.1 57.1 52.4 37.2 49.4xxx xxx xxx xxx xxx xxx

29998 29451 29822 30603 30554 306483259 3665 4184 4496 4895 4948

103 147 151 191 226 272. . . . . . . . . . . .

596 641 662 696 754 85818680 19987 21052 22240 24325 24592

21 22.1 24.8 33.1 42.4 54.6169 302 553 461 796 860109 119 129 132 139 179

5223 4163 4302 3769 4602 1539728 28 26.3 26 25.9 28.4

70.7 80.5 57 63 63.3 76.7. . . . . . . . . . . .

5989 6056 6154 6595 6482 692922813 23010 25087 25809 25722 26669

8313 10468 12133 12800 13673 148642001 2089 2098 2259 2393 2598

270 770 1113 1465 2031 286482.485 105.034 85.6 165 271 365

3950 5406 6441 8600 21292 33060653 557 465 449 523 632186 194 209 208 207 275

6560 6750 6756 7092 7599 797241600 39726 40801 42541 44542 42639

5240 5077 5066 4727 4729 4664612 1183 2289 4168 6248 8844

22330 21612 22477 22548 23552 248742680 3851 3442 3890 6184 5848


109 109 111 123 121 1267765 9240 9638 10124 11569 121485265 6548 8142 14601 23636 26831

. . . . . . . . . . . .29098 31890 34901 38016 39587 41788

296 315 352 363 375 375778 711 680 712 707 784

1156 1044 1052 1251 1402 1445737 760 676 687 809 933

. . . . . . . . . . . .50.0 68.0 78.2 68.7 74.9 78.941.7 43.9 45.9 47.6 49.3 53.4

. . 14848 17413 18309 24240 2406239.2 51.3 52.2 61.5 76.6 91.1

xxx xxx xxx xxx xxx xxxxxx xxx xxx xxx xxx xxx

2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007

167 171 202 214 225 273

575 700 894 904 807 807

16254 17418 17182 18006 18775 19730

491 525 554 608 662 629

19.1 50.0 68.3 119 158 156

18.1 20.1 22.1 24.7 25.6 . .1451 1503 1464 1556 1686 203124.7 25.6 30.3 33.6 37.1 45.641.8 47 49.4 53.6 46 50.152.0 110 117 118 134 142530 565 573 614 614 640

7445 8729 7979 8121 . . 916023.9 23.8 26.7 29.3 . . 187

35035 38728 40050 41954 44070 50849. . 31908 54983 78292 96045 106046. . 124 133 132 140 155

5909 7422 6639 7970 8800 6135. . . . . . . . . . . .

2104 2520 . . . . . . . .2341 2452 2920 3009 3005 3453

66 63 65 60 58 5945 57 58 85.3 78.2 113

29.3 46.2 50.7 58.2 69.4 118194 167 182 . . . . . .

4435 4362 . . 6391 . . . .17430 19921 21219 26652 27540 39062

209 207 202 218 245 292. . 104 401 321 126 220

78.9 89.8 102 108 116 1541186 1309 2752 4452 5525 592345.8 51.6 54.5 63.2 68.9 75.6

9.9 16.4 18.6 17.7 22.0 . .299 308 293 349 337 392

1267 1422 1753 1436 1459 1773935 994 1107 1260 1382 1683

14.4 14.3 16.7 17.3 . . . .108 75.9 85.0 88.5 99.9 122

24.3 24.3 23.8 25.1 30.1 30.451.8 56.3 56.8 65.6 77.7 92.464.1 66.1 87.6 81 79.3 102

56955 66841 62026 68056 83686 87998. . . . . . . . . . . .

19571 21254 21326 24880 25102 26746

1276 1039 3200 2838 3338 . .202 255 283 410 392 451125 135 143 172 197 217

. . 16757 16757 17532 . . . .267 331 379 393 407 549

. . . . 490 626 747 59637.3 136 1300 2942 26604 . .

15.8 17.6 19.4 22.1 25.4 28.20 0 0 0 0 0

. . 1259 1303 1640 1695 18766980 5625 6435 8305 8477 9153

109 106 106 109 116 1221239 1245 813 768 993 1043

0 0 0 0 0 01261 1291 1304 1410 1485 22102936 3244 3368 3804 5100 6005

33578 35014 35314 39467 44496 52235502 548 530 574 662 727

0 0 0 0 0 0. . . . . . . . . . . .

13379 14143 14951 16001 17066 19255356720 415223 464676 503353 527660 556961

3413 3988 4285 4935 5643 71091219 1394 1414 1438 1517 1832

28224 25829 28608 33080 35686 398871765 1842 2158 2397 2742 29398191 10203 10656 11548 12722 14439

505 739 710 954 950 1310. . . . . . . . . . . .

288 294 364 347 431 4762982 3092 3397 3820 4011 39184333 4967 5261 5696 6168 68121244 1588 2740 4292 6436 6377

37.7 47.5 58.0 78.7 100.0 1672055 2408 2688 3105 3606 480770.7 107 134 . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . .44.5 53.0 . . . . . . . .

405 530 308 449 472 492265 270 272 289 328 388262 288 331 379 452 546

19418 26975 29466 31814 36541 467564956 4953 4893 4870 4812 4747

. . . . . . . . . . . .17643 18884 20421 22694 24039 25765

115 115 121 125 135 1408504 10950 10728 11817 11981 13649

28071 27899 32891 35914 46232 6620076.1 . . . . . . . . . .

38907 44440 43847 47634 51527 621888204 8238 8620 9252 9268 10009

225 238 253 248 235 25677.2 79.9 74.1 78.1 85.1 115

. . 13058 14409 16278 20577 28735

. . 5622 5404 5544 6358 1150634190 38110 41150 44860 53980 59510

722 774 964 1025 1091 11827420 8255 10996 11745 11136 11389

195 220 244 281 292 32754.7 52.3 62.7 64.7 82.2 117

14739 15873 16748 17921 19899 2117967.6 70.7 81.1 72.9 93.6 122

1419 1518 1528 1645 1807 187566.3 68.8 78.7 94.2 93.7 112

. . . . 6.6 9.8 24.4 11.5

8220 9279 10373 11000 13831 1761936.8 44.3 52.3 64.4 78.3 95.8

1999 2111 2158 2160 2105 2557136 173 224 288 641 812366 475 679 975 1355 1603

3344 3434 3433 3400 3434 3773501 351 315 273 278 279947 986 1025 1101 1171 1475

5775 4757 4250 4323 4959 5251253 255 271 302 304 295


21269 21075 21441 20800 23173 227312028 2376 2581 3346 3928 50791712 2006 2131 2206 2281 2203

38681 40684 42690 42545 43457 4427374.6 91.5 135 388 720 1556

xxx xxx xxx xxx xxx xxx31168 31060 30610 30600 30365 31090

5030 4462 5048 5652 6064 6235280 314 311 319 297 326

. . . . . . . . . . . .862 855 887 921 949 1003

25887 26795 27476 26959 26631 2627591 108 124 154 206 247

908 1077 1139 1150 1292 1495163 176 189 196 197 209

6841 6292 6683 6259 6149 727228.7 30 32.5 42.3 35.3 35.894.7 115 116 151 216 276

. . . . . . . . 42.3 39.97149 7404 7552 7693 8145 8388

32461 31985 32945 31471 32142 34439

15407 16141 17479 19078 20541 237742765 2755 2996 3248 3242 31903491 4151 4994 5757 6324 6358

470 568 656 806 967 114443695 42070 43154 41996 47342 56792

662 762 762 848 898 929328 360 396 413 485 506

8414 8587 9132 9508 11506 1221942401 42903 40527 41240 41150 43163

4493 4404 4357 4339 4174 423113641 15426 15568 16232 19260 1833326991 29338 29524 30603 31454 33486


150 175 180 183 203 22213333 14563 14804 15933 17922 1935019648 33998 45893 65208 78611 70460

. . . . 892 1649 2117 243748957 46351 44060 45739 49546 48965

370 434 416 428 497 732882 950 1039 1020 1059 1219

1368 1392 1439 1451 1521 1737958 1010 1144 1404 1550 1663

3324 3428 3374 3901 4610 639169.4 70.3 78.4 95.1 110.8 13355.3 67.1 70.2 75.7 74.9 82.7

22775 24645 27951 27626 30551 36443130 148 136 156 162 209


2008 2009 2010

334 384 422

1346 . . . .

22824 24615 26605

716 718 772

182 251 343

30.3 . . . .2380 2673 270055.1 51.7 65.6

52 . . . .155 162 175646 682 713

14111 16995 25549274 206 112

63420 . . 6616889486 99100 166400

165 . . . .6447 . . . .

. . . . . .

. . . . . .4000 4000 4581

. . . . 62

. . . . . .120 159 179

. . . . . .

. . . . . .41209 48520 46968

190 452 . .518 336 . .176 139 119

. . . . . .77.3 82.3 87.229.4 30.1 . .481 . . . .

2034 2320 . .2372 2593 301524.0 . . 23.4192 224 292

37 64.2 47.197.1 98.1 98.880.9 103 87.2

133080 . . . .. . . . . .

29556 33235 32922

Front page

. . . . . .584 942 895247 326 . .

25529 . . . .696 583 583

1120 1068 1326. . . . | 98.3

40.5 31.6 30.40 0 0

2004 2083 . .11629 11587 12326

117 138 1351259 1192 1368

0 0 03886 4102 4657

10677 9896 899254977 64348 68411

809 851 9480 0 0

. . . . . .

21100 22712 23733621138 668604 698281

8769 11063 130302455 2433 2262

44841 51382 590063109 3185 3525

17307 18567 203411548 1915 2191

. . . . . .577 625.7 761

4057 5157 60918397 11344 118069286 9173 8604

185 188 1946423 7147 . .

. . . . . .

. . . . . .

. . . . . .

482 482 485513 790 . .638 752 808

47883 48853 655254769 4774 4790.3

. . . . . .28733 31121 31876

150 157 . .14717 13679 11682

66614 54088 74443. . . . . .

61965 62967 7335410726 11447 11455

282 298 286142 168 154

34848 40981 44400

11471 12783 . .62600 78750 91750

1475 1820 191114712 17811 18291

376 448 514.173164 170 156

23249 25372 2689685.4 98.2 . .

2083 2201 2254100 109 116

23.7 38 19.9

21450 23633 19749121 131 158

2558 2401 25241321 1184 12061887 1886 21754293 4048 3959

311 341 3351388 1355 10066396 5966 5663

310 339 37649827 51824 48867

xxx xxx xxx24410 23252 25160

5409 4917 38942468 2591 2709

45063 48146 447881625 1008 810

xxx xxx xxx32824 34166 34090

7219 7612 7062321 299 281688 1227 . .

1081 1019 96528156 27578 27914

280 184 1341741 1380 1196

. . . . . .7229 7000 651138.3 42.6 43383 277 227

48.6 39.5 40.48448 8733 8461

35932 38960 40675

22190 24701 268473285 3463 38057558 6785 70011448 1693 1782

63295 63626 65917994 877 734566 571 578

12756 12196 1159639710 38751 40664

4439 4414 481322297 25269 2631336431 37425 3895425341 26077 29445

xxx xxx xxx

248 287 27921718 22831 2539658135 . . . .

6352 4863 573449754 48649 52485

952 997 10161195 1266 13411763 2150 24611775 1726 16159234 . . . .

143 155 17086.8 101 109

49294 57929 58987239 . . . .

xxx xxx xxxxxx xxx xxx

Military expenditure by country, in local currency, 1988-2010Figures are in local currency at current prices and are for calendar years, unless otherwise stated. Countries are grouped by region and subregion.All data are expressed in the most recent currency for each country.". ." = data unavailable. "xxx" = country did not exist or was not independent during all or part of the year in question.

Country Currency 1988 1989 1990AfricaNorth AfricaAlgeria b. dinars 6.1 6.5 8.1Libya m. dinars . . . . . .Morocco m. dirhams 7530 8408 8817Tunisia m. dinars 200 222 218Sub-SaharanAngola m./b. kwanzas . . . . . .Benin b. CFA francs 11.0 9.1 8.9Botswana m. pula 171 207 291Burkina Faso b. CFA francs 14.0 17.6 19.0Burundi b. francs 4.8 6.0 6.8Cameroon b. CFA francs 46.0 46.9 49.2Cape Verde m. escudos 366 . . . .Central African Rep. m. CFA francs . . . . . .Chad b. CFA francs . . . . . .Congo m. CFA francs . . . . . .Congo, Dem. Rep. m. francs . . . . . .Côte d’Ivoire b. CFA francs 38.2 41.4 39.2Djibouti m. francs 5520 5525 5530Equatorial Guinea m. CFA francs . . . . . .Eritrea m. nakfa xxx xxx xxxEthiopia m. birr 1273 1618 1625Gabon b. CFA francs . . . . . .Gambia m. dalasis 14.5 20.6 27.3Ghana m. cedis 0.5 0.6 0.9Guinea b. francs . . . . . .Guinea-Bissau m. CFA francs . . 123 . .Kenya m. shillings 4454 4703 5648Lesotho m. maloti 44.0 67.8 71.4Liberia m. dollars 25.0 . . 14.1Madagascar b. ariary 9.3 9.7 11.3Malawi m. kwacha 51.7 62.9 66.3Mali b. CFA francs 14.3 14.7 14.2Mauritania b. ouguiyas 3.2 3.2 3.2Mauritius m. rupees 63 97 137Mozambique m. meticais 34 59 79Namibia m. dollars xxx xxx 513Niger b. CFA francs . . . . . .Nigeria b. naira 1.2 1.3 2.2Rwanda b. francs 2.8 3.3 8.0Senegal b. CFA francs 29.6 30.5 31.3Seychelles m. rupees 65.4 73.6 79.2Sierra Leone m. leones 230 577 1369Somalia m. shillings 7918 4200 . .South Africa m. rand 8396 9502 10703Sudan m. pounds 1.7 . . 3.9

Swaziland m. emalangeni 19.8 25.2 37.6Tanzania b. shillings 7.1 15.1 17.0Togo m. CFA francs 12834 13354 13817Uganda b. shillings 15.1 31.2 45.9Zambia b. kwacha 0.7 2.3 4.2Zimbabwe SEE FOOTN m. dollars 0.7 0.8 1.0

AmericasCentral America and the CaribbeanBelize m. dollars 6.2 8.7 9.5Costa Rica m. colones 0 0 0Cuba m. pesos 1274 1377 1380Dominican Rep. m. pesos 375 440 529El Salvador m. US dollar 88.8 106 111Guatemala m. quetzales 327 364 505Haiti m. gourdes 10 11 13Honduras m. lempiras . . . . . .Jamaica m. dollars . . 135 197Mexico m. pesos 2133 2713 3568Nicaragua m. córdobas . . . . 161Panama m. balboas 103 102 73.1Trinidad & Tobago m. dollars . . . . . .North AmericaCanada m. dollars 12181 12725 13318USA m. dollars 293093 304085 306170South AmericaArgentina m. pesos 1.6 45.8 750Bolivia m. bolivianos . . 267 424Brazil m. reais . . . . 0.2Chile b. pesos 298 309 400Colombia b. pesos 352 496 658Ecuador m. US dollars 198 189 202Guyana m. dollars 84 124 142Paraguay b. guaranies . . 55 77Peru m. nuevos soles . . 0.2 4.5Uruguay m. pesos 78 153 312Venezuela m. bolivares fuerte . . . . . .

Asia & OceaniaCentral AsiaKazakhstan b. tenge xxx xxx xxxKyrgyzstan m. som xxx xxx xxxTajikistan m. somoni xxx xxx xxxTurkmenistan b. manat xxx xxx xxxUzbekistan b. sum xxx xxx xxxEast AsiaBrunei m. dollars 359 363 419Cambodia b. riel 2.5 4.8 12.4China, P. R. b. yuan . . 44.0 49.0Indonesia b. rupiah 1913 2086 2487Japan b. yen 3655 3865 4099Korea, North m. won 3863 4060 4314Korea, South b. won 5952 6485 7156Laos b. kip . . . . . .Malaysia m. ringgit 2241 2761 3043Mongolia m. tugriks 900 850 592

Myanmar b. kyats 1.6 3.7 5.2Philippines m. pesos 12356 13051 14544Singapore m. dollars 2427 2751 3266Taiwan b. dollars 174 199 219Thailand b. baht 44.7 48.5 58.2Viet Nam b. dong 792 2047 3319South AsiaAfghanistan m. afghanis . . . . . .Bangladesh m. takas 9104 10563 11143India b. rupees 152 172 184Nepal m. rupees 834 988 1114Pakistan b. rupees 47.3 51.0 58.6Sri Lanka b. rupees 5.3 4.5 7.5OceaniaAustralia m. dollars 7470 7967 8589Fiji m. dollars 35.3 43.1 45.2New Zealand m. dollars 1310 1349 1334Papua New Guinea m. kina 40.1 45.6 65.6Timor Leste m. dollars xxx xxx xxx

EuropeAlbania m. leks 955 965 990Armenia b. drams xxx xxx xxxAustria m. euros 1538 1561 1630Azerbaijan m. manats xxx xxx xxxBelarus b. roubles xxx xxx xxxBelgium m. euros 3734 3791 3847Bosnia-Herzegovina m. marka xxx xxx xxxBulgaria m. leva . . 1.7 1.7Croatia m. kunas xxx xxx xxxCyprus m. euros 194 207 322Czech Rep. m. koruny xxx xxx xxxCzechoslovakia m. korunas 29236 43784 41900Denmark m. kroner 15620 15963 16399Estonia m. krooni xxx xxx xxxFinland m. euros 1199 1275 1377France m. euros 32788 34351 35355Georgia m. lari xxx xxx xxxGerman DR m. marks 21647 . . xxxGermany m. euros 31515 32302 34960Greece m. euros 1145 1220 1486Hungary b. forint 54.8 53.2 58.4Iceland m. krónur . . . . . .Ireland m. euros 332 344 463Italy m. euros 13190 14121 14464Latvia m. lats xxx xxx xxxLithuania m. litai xxx xxx xxxLuxembourg m. euros 78.4 74.2 80.1Macedonia, FYR m. denars xxx xxx xxxMalta m. euros 17.3 17.3 15.7Moldova m. lei xxx xxx xxxMontenegro m. euros xxx xxx xxxNetherlands m. euros 6035 6158 6132Norway m. kroner 18865 20248 21251Poland m. zlotys 74 215 1464

Portugal m. euros 968 1144 1333Romania m. new lei 3.7 3.8 3.9Russia b. roubles 0.14 0.13 0.12Serbia m. dinars xxx xxx xxxSlovak Rep. m. koruny xxx xxx xxxSlovenia m. euros xxx xxx xxxSpain m. euros 5021 5550 5546Sweden m. kronor 30131 32447 36516Switzerland m. francs 4794 5042 5635Turkey m. liras 3.8 7.2 13.9UK m. pounds 19285 20474 21932Ukraine m. hryvnias xxx xxx xxxYugoslavia (former) m. new dinars . . 6113 5180

Middle EastBahrain m. dinars 70.0 74.0 81.2Egypt m. pounds 3989 3900 4484Iran b. rials 404 621 724Iraq b. dinars . . . . . .Israel m. new shekels 10811 11001 13310Jordan m. dinars 220 220 214Kuwait m. dinars 476 610 2585Lebanon b. pounds 16 . . 149Oman m. rials 589 601 742Qatar m. riyals . . . . . .Saudi Arabia b. riyals 50.1 47.8 61.3Syria b. pounds 13.6 15.5 17.2UAE m. dirhams . . . . . .Yemen b. riyals . . . . 9.7Yemen, North m. rials 5533 6030 . .Yemen, South m. dinars . . . . xxx

Military expenditure by country, in local currency, 1988-2010Figures are in local currency at current prices and are for calendar years, unless otherwise stated. Countries are grouped by region and subregion.All data are expressed in the most recent currency for each country.". ." = data unavailable. "xxx" = country did not exist or was not independent during all or part of the year in question.

1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997

10.4 23.0 29.8 46.8 58.8 79.5 101. . . . . . . . . . . . 577

9999 10489 11640 12564 12280 12613 13347241 256 277 301 324 387 396

. . . . . . . . 0.6 20.5 105

. . . . . . . . . . . . . .348 376 450 458 460 467 586

16.2 15.5 14.1 13.9 15.2 15.7 15.57.8 8.1 8.8 10.6 10.5 15.4 21.8

50.3 48.7 47.6 52.5 56.7 59.8 69.3. . . . 220 281 477 352 382

6093 6137 5421 5935 6496 6239 . .. . . . 13.7 15.3 12.4 15.7 12.0. . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . 45 110

40.7 41.5 42.1 46.7 . . 52.5 54.65647 5976 5521 5458 5262 4359 4719

. . . . . . 1321 1721 . . . .xxx xxx 539 439 771 968 634

1095 716 819 813 754 803 1512. . . . . . . . . . . . . .

34.9 31.1 23.3 22.2 27.5 38.5 42.61.5 1.8 2.7 3.6 5.9 7.3 9.3

54.1 50.2 42.0 44.8 . . . . 48.6. . . . . . 400 615 770 1061

5279 5027 6131 6577 7668 9756 1032771.4 68.8 71.4 91.8 125 122 13225.0 22.7 30.4 39.3 . . . . . .12.7 8.6 14.5 16.9 23.2 40.2 53.566.4 90.9 113 149 169 309 434

. . . . 16.8 22.2 26.9 27.1 31.33.2 3.4 3.6 3.6 4.2 5.2 6.3

164 178 190 213 234 233 206103 150 230 440 302 407 485400 355 229 202 248 286 386

. . . . . . 9.7 9.2 8.9 10.12.4 3.0 6.4 7.0 14.0 15.4 17.9

13.2 11.9 12.9 5.7 14.8 22.6 23.329.9 29.1 34.0 36.7 40.4 40.8 41.387.6 105 67.1 60.1 55.2 52.4 57.3

4792 10081 13244 15546 18898 17119 9315. . . . . . . . . . . . . .

10426 9649 10174 12038 11639 11894 111046.9 13.0 30.0 47.8 113 133 154

Front page

44.2 59.8 77.5 91.6 104 114 11823.7 28.9 23.8 29.8 49.2 58.6 72.6

12950 13000 14200 14100 15400 . . . .54.0 59.3 74.9 102 123 142 151

5.6 16.8 23.1 42.1 47.8 45.7 57.01.1 1.3 1.4 11.3 11.7 2.7 3.4

9.5 10.6 12.3 15.8 16.1 15.9 18.80 0 0 0 0 0 0

1160 . . 300 . . . . . . . .860 1172 1564 1717 1460 1806 2645116 111 102 94.7 97.0 96.4 97.5511 677 693 806 843 784 801

16 17 21 24 38 0 0. . . . . . . . . . . . . .

275 771 790 805 1185 1587 19514828 6190 7251 9750 10996 15686 18958

289 236 226 238 265 266 28678.6 78.8 95.2 101 96.6 101 118

. . . . 28.9 121 143 . . . .

12991 13041 13248 13079 12595 11748 11001280292 305141 297637 288059 278856 271417 276324

2384 2809 3276 3751 3801 3378 3339502 518 573 627 681 750 9320.7 7.5 221 5692 13140 14145 15021

502 600 693 781 866 965 1114812 1101 1378 1618 2216 3122 4215209 211 276 291 475 419 499227 453 562 759 808 780 . .131 148 131 158 204 204 264308 798 1347 1727 2256 2426 2224486 1089 1305 2791 2433 2985 3535

56 68 117 138 212 306 753

xxx . . 0.3 3.8 10.8 16.3 17.9xxx 12.2 82.0 311 558 699 955xxx . . 0.2 0.3 0.7 4.0 10.7xxx . . . . 1.5 15.1 158 440xxx . . . . 1.0 3.4 6.9 13.7

424 410 378 400 405 463 54831.1 78.9 120 273 302 298 30553.3 68.9 73.2 86.9 105 125 133

2768 3204 3374 4047 4661 5469 62894329 4510 4618 4673 4714 4815 49224466 4582 4692 4817 . . . . . .8061 9067 9935 10863 11940 13200 14125

. . 72.5 75.5 81.9 87.6 71.0 76.04323 4500 4951 5565 6121 6091 5877

888 1184 4147 6766 9547 11850 14767

5.9 8.4 12.7 16.7 22.3 27.7 29.815778 17306 20002 23125 27493 30978 29212

3495 3799 4010 4273 5206 5782 6618233 246 288 296 277 288 302

62.9 75.1 76.7 87.4 96.0 102 1004292 3730 3168 4730 . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . .12071 14396 16105 19021 21582 23076 25863

196 210 252 279 316 351 4161320 1607 1801 1939 2064 2242 247170.2 81.6 89.6 98.1 112 124 13211.5 14.3 17.1 21.6 39.1 42.4 41.2

9017 9371 9903 10203 10342 10482 1069447.9 45.9 49.4 49.3 48.8 46.1 44.7

1292 1221 1209 1245 1316 1356 134450.1 56.5 54.4 54.3 60.0 68.0 92.6

xxx xxx xxx xxx xxx xxx xxx

. . 2475 4010 4698 4719 4777 4442xxx 0.007 0.090 . . 21.2 21.7 31.4

1692 1709 1788 1849 1874 1891 1920xxx 0.1 1.5 13.8 58.4 61.6 73.4xxx 0.0015 0.0275 0.6 2.1 2.4 6.5

3915 3293 3213 3271 3251 3256 3267xxx . . . . . . . . . . . .

4.1 6.0 7.8 20.9 25.1 38.0 410xxx 206 4184 9748 10777 10535 11072

332 484 228 251 231 357 469xxx xxx 23777 27008 28275 30509 31328

43037 . . xxx xxx xxx xxx xxx17091 17129 17390 17293 17468 17896 18521

xxx 68 174 327 417 499 7361497 1564 1552 1543 1402 1562 1700

36730 36416 36771 37574 36349 36188 36756xxx . . . . . . . . 86 57xxx xxx xxx xxx xxx xxx xxx

33530 33508 31459 30144 30159 29998 294511683 2027 2264 2554 2842 3259 366561.1 70.3 76.9 90.8 89.4 103 147

. . . . . . . . . . . . . .473 490 503 538 556 596 641

15592 15914 16715 16958 16300 18680 19987xxx . . 12.0 19.0 23.0 21.0 22.1xxx . . 90.2 83.8 122 169 302

91.2 98.2 92.7 105 104 109 119xxx . . . . . . . . 5223 4163

16.4 19.8 21.9 24.5 25.6 28.0 28.0xxx . . 9.7 36.7 60.0 70.7 80.5xxx xxx xxx xxx xxx xxx xxx

6148 6308 5946 5895 5837 5989 605621313 23638 22528 24019 22224 22813 23010

1821 2564 3847 5117 6594 8313 10468

1525 1705 1758 1800 2013 2001 208910.5 25.7 55.0 155 200 270 770

. . 1.0 9.0 35.9 63.2 82.5 105xxx . . . . . . . . 3950 5406xxx xxx 273 319 621 653 557xxx 95.5 109 128 166 186 194

5693 5577 6340 5978 6483 6560 675037612 37381 39004 39772 40872 41600 39726

5760 5819 5336 5333 5493 5240 507723.7 42.3 77.7 157 303 612 1183

23857 23233 22727 22539 21702 22107 21792xxx . . 6.9 301 1542 2680 3851. . xxx xxx xxx xxx xxx xxx

89.2 94.6 94.4 96.3 103 109 1095404 6195 6803 7302 7944 8016 8503

824 923 1517 3083 3324 4762 6227. . . . . . . . . . . . . .

20906 18668 22037 22830 24552 29098 31890295 250 271 285 210 296 315

3674 1852 900 979 1102 971 745213 758 789 1071 1210 1156 1044643 778 738 779 776 737 760

. . . . . . . . . . . . . .61.3 57.6 61.7 53.5 49.5 50.0 68.030.2 31.1 27.9 36.6 39.7 41.7 43.9

. . . . . . . . . . . . 1484812.3 15.7 18.4 28.3 32.9 39.2 51.3

xxx xxx xxx xxx xxx xxx xxxxxx xxx xxx xxx xxx xxx xxx

1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004

112 122 142 162 167 171 202675 535 556 496 575 700 894

13878 11569 9129 16619 16254 17418 17182417 424 456 483 491 525 554

66.9 2977 5860 9 19 50 68. . 11.0 10.3 9.6 18.1 20.1 22.1

765 784 942 1229 1415 1490 147419.2 21.2 21.5 22.3 24.7 25.6 30.326.3 28.5 30.5 44.2 41.8 47.0 49.481.0 89.1 87.6 91.1 102 110 117443 518 814 572 530 565 573

. . . . . . . . 7445 8729 797911.8 16.0 18.8 22.5 23.9 23.8 26.7

. . . . . . 28374 35035 38728 4005043 600 2901 . . . . 31908 54983

. . . . . . . . . . 124 1334746 4759 4625 4629 5909 7422 6639

. . . . . . . . . . . . . .1936 2225 2220 1884 2104 2520 . .3263 5589 5075 2959 2476 2397 2686

. . . . 65 66 66 63 6543.1 40.1 42.5 38.5 45.0 57.0 58.013.3 15.8 27.7 23.2 29.3 46.2 50.755.7 76.6 80.3 171 194 167 182

1711 . . 6786 4533 4435 4362 . .10381 10684 12614 15349 16844 18676 20570

154 208 212 201 206 207 203. . . . . . . . . . 43.4 175

54.9 56.6 63.9 85.7 78.9 89.8 102450 635 698 916 1136 1278 2391

32.2 36.0 41.4 43.8 45.8 51.6 54.54.8 6.7 9.1 13.3 9.9 16.4 18.6

203 228 246 262 285 304 301585 722 843 1048 1267 1422 1753436 646 641 833 928 979 1079

13.0 14.5 14.3 18.2 14.4 14.3 16.725.2 45.4 37.5 63.5 108 75.9 85.027.2 27.0 23.9 25.2 24.3 24.3 23.844.3 48.2 44.4 50.5 51.8 56.3 56.855.5 59.3 59.0 64.8 64.1 66.1 87.6

. . . . 48769 59408 56955 66841 62026

. . . . . . . . . . . . . .10961 10688 13483 16024 18815 20833 21308

522 1085 1510 1004 1276 1039 3200

Front page

142 158 170 169 193 242 27689.3 95.7 108 132 136 130 139

. . . . . . . . . . 16757 16757192 232 232 239 256 299 355

. . 134 . . . . . . . . 490

. . 10.1 15.4 15.8 37.3 136 1300

. . 12.1 14.2 14.9 15.7 17.1 19.00 0 0 0 0 0 0

. . . . . . . . . . 1259 13032858 3152 4515 5882 6980 5625 643596.3 100 112 109 109 106 106894 914 1225 1546 1239 1245 813

0 0 0 0 0 0 0. . . . 725 907 1261 1291 1304

1741 1762 1873 2133 2755 3167 333722666 27803 31422 33074 33578 35014 35314

278 318 391 377 502 548 530104 112 0 0 0 0 0

. . . . . . . . . . . . . .

11495 12199 12326 12972 13332 13952 14749274278 280969 301697 312743 356720 415223 464676

3397 3460 3265 3182 3413 3988 42851181 1020 1017 1218 1219 1394 1414

16662 17898 20753 25557 28224 25829 286081249 1367 1502 1615 1765 1842 21583882 4429 6102 7448 8191 10203 10656

549 296 266 384 505 739 710. . . . . . . . . . . . . .

274 262 277 270 288 294 3642671 2773 3638 3187 2982 3092 33973815 4174 3663 4384 4333 4967 5261

795 853 1216 1383 1244 1588 2740

19.0 17.2 20.4 32.5 37.7 47.5 58.0912 1267 1864 1734 2055 2408 2688

17.6 18.7 21.5 29.6 70.7 107 134436 582 . . . . . . . . . .

. . 34.9 37.5 41.1 44.5 53.0 . .

492 438 421 390 405 424 337312 336 309 280 265 270 272150 170 183 227 262 288 331

8338 8671 . . 10673 19418 26975 294664942 4934 4935 4950 4956 4954 4908

. . . . . . . . . . . . . .14656 14379 15609 16708 17643 18884 20421

110 110 107 112 115 115 1214547 6321 5826 7351 8504 10950 10728

16750 18416 26126 25384 28071 27899 32891

37.3 43.7 58.9 63.9 73.1 . . . .31512 32959 36208 35977 38907 44440 43847

7475 7616 7466 7721 8108 8230 8525299 258 243 248 225 238 253

87.3 75.8 72.2 76.4 77.2 79.9 74.1. . . . . . . . . . 13058 14409

. . . . . . . . . . 4685 544028436 31277 33377 34020 34105 36150 39630

492 598 642 689 717 761 9162789 3240 3651 4849 6651 7838 9625

140 147 154 170 188 207 23247.3 44.6 63.3 60.3 54.7 52.3 62.7

11314 12044 12546 13618 14627 15306 1631144.9 46.9 68.2 74.7 67.6 70.7 81.1

1363 1380 1422 1428 1411 1468 152386.0 80.0 85.0 85.5 66.3 68.8 78.7

xxx xxx xxx xxx . . . . 3.3

5067 5891 6519 7638 8220 9279 1037333.7 36.5 36.7 36.8 36.8 44.3 52.3

1943 1994 2090 1999 1999 2111 215883.0 99.1 107 123 136 173 22410.5 41.4 123 247 366 475 679

3297 3378 3463 3393 3344 3434 3433. . . . . . . . 501 351 315

564 656 746 887 947 986 10259082 7367 5461 5251 5775 4757 4250

428 269 299 360 253 255 27137643 41688 44670 44978 48924 53194 52481

xxx xxx xxx xxx xxx xxx xxx19071 19428 19339 21017 21269 21075 21441

843 1083 1329 1640 2028 2376 25811761 1552 1691 1653 1712 2006 2131

36012 36510 36702 37187 38681 40684 4269057 52 37 49 75 92 135


4184 4496 4895 4948 5030 4462 5048151 191 226 272 280 314 311

. . . . . . . . . . . . . .662 696 754 858 862 855 887

21052 22240 24325 24592 25887 26795 2747624.8 33.1 42.4 54.6 91.0 108 124553 461 796 860 908 1077 1139129 132 139 179 163 176 189

4302 3769 4602 15397 6841 6292 668326.3 26.0 25.9 28.4 28.7 30.0 32.557.0 63.0 63.3 76.7 94.7 115 116


25087 25809 25722 26669 32461 31985 3294512133 12800 13673 14864 15407 16141 17479

2098 2259 2393 2598 2765 2755 29961113 1465 2031 2864 3491 4151 4994

86 165 271 365 470 568 6566441 8600 21292 33060 43695 42070 43154

465 449 523 632 662 762 762209 208 207 275 328 360 396

6756 7092 7599 7972 8414 8587 913240801 42541 44542 42639 42401 42903 40527

5066 4727 4729 4664 4493 4404 43572289 4168 6248 8844 13641 15426 15568

22261 22530 23301 24544 26462 28751 294783442 3890 6184 5848 6266 7615 8963

xxx xxx xxx xxx xxx xxx xxx

111 123 121 126 150 175 1809439 9881 10847 11859 12741 13948 146847744 12986 21377 26032 21444 30411 42919

. . . . . . . . . . . . 89234901 38016 39587 41788 48957 46351 44060

352 363 375 375 370 434 416696 696 827 824 858 933 1017

1052 1251 1402 1445 1368 1392 1439676 687 809 933 958 1010 1144

. . . . . . . . 3324 3428 337478.2 68.7 74.9 78.9 69.4 70.3 78.445.9 47.6 49.3 53.4 55.3 67.1 70.2

17413 18309 24240 24062 22775 24645 2795152.2 61.5 76.6 91.1 130 148 136

xxx xxx xxx xxx xxx xxx xxxxxx xxx xxx xxx xxx xxx xxx

2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

214 225 273 334 384 422904 807 807 1346 . . . .

18006 18775 19730 22824 24615 26605608 662 629 716 718 772

119 158 156 182 251 34324.7 25.6 . . 30.3 . . . .

1533 1654 1945 2293 2600 269333.6 37.1 45.6 55.1 51.7 65.653.6 46.0 50.1 52.0 . . . .118 134 142 155 162 175614 614 640 646 682 713

8121 . . 9160 14111 16995 2554929.3 . . 187 274 206 112

41954 44070 50849 63420 . . 6616878292 96045 106046 89486 99100 166400

132 140 155 165 . . . .7970 8800 6135 6447 . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . .2965 3007 3229 3727 4000 4291

60 58 59 . . . . 6285.3 78.2 113 . . . . . .58.2 69.4 118 120 159 179

. . . . . . . . . . . .6391 . . . . . . . . . .

23936 27096 33301 40136 44865 47744214 239 281 216 386 . .458 228 214 247 491 . .108 116 154 176 139 119

4027 5257 5823 . . . . . .63.2 68.9 75.6 77.3 82.3 87.217.7 22.0 . . 29.4 30.1 . .321 343 364 436 . . . .

1436 1459 1773 2034 2320 . .1221 1351 1608 2200 2538 290917.3 . . . . 24.0 . . 23.488.5 100 122 192 224 29225.1 30.1 30.4 37.0 42.8 45.065.6 77.7 92.4 97.1 98.1 98.881.0 79.3 102 80.9 103 87.2

68056 83686 87998 133080 . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . .

23992 25047 26335 28854 32315 330002838 3338 . . . . . . . .

Front page

378 396 436 551 853 907157 185 207 232 287 . .

17532 . . . . 25529 . . . .386 400 478 622 640 583626 747 596 1120 1068 1326

2942 26604 . . . . . . | 98.3

21.4 24.6 27.5 37.4 33.8 30.70 0 0 0 0 0

1640 1695 1876 2004 2083 . .8305 8477 9153 11629 11587 12326

109 116 122 117 138 135768 993 1043 1259 1192 1368

0 0 0 0 0 01410 1485 2210 3886 4102 46573695 4776 5778 9509 10091 9218

39467 44496 52235 54977 64348 68411574 662 727 809 851 948

0 0 0 0 0 0. . . . . . . . . . . .

15739 16800 18708 20639 22309 23478503353 527660 556961 621138 668604 698281

4935 5643 7109 8769 11063 130301438 1517 1832 2455 2433 2262

33080 35686 39887 44841 51382 590062397 2742 2939 3109 3185 3525

11548 12722 14439 17307 18567 20341954 950 1310 1548 1915 2191

. . . . . . . . . . . .347 431 476 577 626 761

3820 4011 3918 4057 5157 60915696 6168 6812 8397 11344 118064292 6436 6377 9286 9173 8604

78.7 100 167 185 188 1943105 3606 4807 6423 7147 . .

. . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . .

414 466 487 485 482 484289 328 388 513 790 . .379 452 546 638 752 808

31814 36541 46756 47883 48853 655254876 4827 4763 4763 4773 4786

. . . . . . . . . . . .22694 24039 25765 28733 31121 31876

125 135 140 150 157 . .11817 11981 13649 14717 13679 1168235914 46232 66200 66614 54088 74443

. . . . . . . . . . . .47634 51527 62188 61965 62967 73354

9094 9264 9824 10547 11267 11453248 235 256 282 298 286

78.1 85.1 115 142 168 15416278 20577 28735 34848 40981 44400

5521 6223 10648 11477 12564 . .43005 49420 56745 61055 70675 85250

1010 1074 1159 1402 1734 188811371 11441 11262 13050 16262 18051

263 287 310 351 412 48164.7 82.2 117 164 170 156

17335 18910 20539 22214 24311 2613472.9 93.6 122.0 85 98.2 . .

1587 1726 1841 1979 2142 222894.2 93.7 112 100 109 116

8.2 17.1 23.7 23.7 38.0 19.9

11000 13831 17619 21450 23633 1974964.4 78.3 95.8 121 131 158

2160 2105 2557 2558 2401 2524288 641 812 1321 1184 1206975 1355 1603 1887 1886 2175

3400 3434 3773 4293 4048 3959273 278 279 311 341 335

1101 1171 1475 1388 1355 10064323 4959 5251 6396 5966 5663

302 304 295 310 339 37658445 55358 54949 49827 51824 48867


3346 3928 5079 5409 4917 38942206 2281 2203 2468 2591 2709

42545 43457 44273 45063 48146 44788388 720 1556 1625 1008 810


5652 6064 6235 7219 7612 7062319 297 326 321 299 281

. . . . . . 688 1227 . .921 949 1003 1081 1019 965

26959 26631 26275 28156 27578 27914154 206 247 280 184 134

1150 1292 1495 1741 1380 1196196 197 209 . . . . . .

6259 6149 7272 7229 7000 651142.3 35.3 35.8 38.3 42.6 43.0151 216 276 383 277 227

xxx 42 40 49 40 407693 8145 8388 8448 8733 8461

31471 32142 34439 35932 38960 4067519078 20541 23774 22190 24701 26847

3248 3242 3190 3285 3463 38055757 6324 6358 7558 6785 7001

806 967 1144 1448 1693 178241996 47342 56792 63295 63626 65917

848 898 929 994 877 734413 485 506 566 571 578

9508 11506 12219 12756 12196 1159641240 41150 43163 39710 38751 40664

4339 4174 4231 4439 4414 481316232 19260 18333 22297 25269 2631330333 31241 32978 35695 37177 3857212328 15082 20685 25341 26077 29445


183 203 222 248 287 27915368 16927 18636 20534 22275 2411460379 75260 72498 61216 . . . .

1649 2117 2437 6352 4863 573445739 49546 48965 49754 48649 52485

428 497 732 952 997 10161025 1049 1179 1201 1266 13411451 1521 1737 1763 2150 24611404 1550 1663 1775 1726 16153901 4610 6391 9234 . . . .95.1 111 133 143 155 17075.7 74.9 82.7 86.8 101 109

27626 30551 36443 49294 57929 58987156 162 209 239 . . . .


Front page

Military expenditure by country, in constant (2009) US$ m., 1988-2010Figures are in US $m., at constant 2009 prices and exchange rates, except for the last figure, which is in US$m. at 2010 prices and exchange rates". ." = data unavailable. "xxx" = country did not exist or was not independent during all or part of the year in question.

Czechoslovakia . . . . . . . . . .German DR . . . . xxx xxx xxxYugoslavia (former) . . . . . . . . xxxYemen, North . . . . . . xxx xxxYemen, South . . . . xxx xxx xxxMontenegro xxx xxx xxx xxx xxxTimor Leste xxx xxx xxx xxx xxxEquatorial Guinea . . . . . . . . . .Somalia . . . . . . . . . .Trinidad & Tobago . . . . . . . . . .Guyana 3.7 5.2 5.7 4.6 7.1Turkmenistan xxx xxx xxx xxx . .Korea, North . . . . . . . . . .Myanmar . . . . . . . . . .Togo 67.4 70.7 72.4 67.6 66.9Iceland . . . . . . . . . .Viet Nam 842 1612 1565 1099 693Iraq . . . . . . . . . .Cuba . . . . . . . . . .Qatar . . . . . . . . . .Côte d’Ivoire 191 205 196 200 196Afghanistan . . . . . . . . . .Congo, Dem. Rep. . . . . . . . . . .Bosnia-Herzegovina xxx xxx xxx xxx . .Zambia 278 403 356 237 270Central African Rep. . . . . . . 26.2 26.8Liberia . . . . . . . . . .USA 531691 526271 502749 441561 466560France 67405 68232 67930 68372 66221Japan 43878 45367 46688 47747 48905Germany 65970 65786 69337 65616 62402UK 60044 59134 57864 59439 55828Italy 36435 36720 35321 35819 34790China, P. R. . . 15900 17200 18000 21900Russia 296451 274882 232546 . . 57716Saudi Arabia 18742 17710 22256 21225 19948India 14092 15050 14825 13842 13229Brazil 17180 17005 11701 6913 7168Turkey 8858 10252 12384 12721 13395Korea, South 11666 12021 12210 12597 13330Spain 15032 15560 14571 14118 13056Australia 10936 10844 10897 11083 11406Canada 17123 17037 17021 15719 15546Israel 11595 9812 10132 13372 10666Netherlands 13306 13433 13054 12691 12618UAE . . . . . . . . . .Greece 6979 6544 6616 6275 6521Iran 1676 2104 2279 2215 1971Taiwan 8035 8813 9296 9553 9662

Sweden 6676 6754 6881 6481 6298Singapore 2391 2648 3038 3143 3342Poland 7510 6333 6578 4632 4488Belgium 8146 8020 7868 7757 6369Colombia 2747 3075 3159 2990 3192Norway 4904 5035 5075 4922 5334Switzerland 6285 6407 6795 6560 6370Denmark 4634 4519 4523 4605 4520Portugal 3461 3633 3734 3849 3953Egypt 4781 3854 3796 3820 3854Pakistan 3348 3346 3531 3780 4014Kuwait 3220 3997 15422 20098 10187Chile 2606 2309 2371 2444 2530Mexico 1960 2077 2156 2379 2641Venezuela . . . . . . 4133 3820Austria 3383 3348 3386 3401 3302Oman 2323 2335 2620 2171 2600South Africa 5249 5177 5101 4309 3501Algeria 662 647 691 708 1184Czech Rep. xxx xxx xxx xxx xxxThailand 2837 2917 3304 3381 3876Finland 2606 2598 2645 2762 2812Malaysia 1162 1392 1495 2035 2022Morocco 1793 1942 1904 2000 1984Romania 8809 9039 4102 4193 3300Hungary 4185 3477 2956 2305 2157Indonesia 1614 1656 1829 1861 2003

Country 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992Argentina 2923 2702 1831 2142 2021Syria 1117 1142 1059 1712 1586Ukraine xxx xxx xxx xxx . .Ireland 820 816 1063 1053 1058Peru . . 171 46.8 630 939Angola . . . . . . 147 128Croatia xxx xxx xxx xxx 2206Slovak Rep. xxx xxx xxx xxx xxxLebanon 266 . . 846 657 1170Serbia xxx xxx xxx xxx . .Sri Lanka 403 311 423 578 648Philippines 1122 1072 1060 971 980New Zealand 1506 1343 1251 1199 1122Nigeria 482 327 540 518 446Yemen . . . . 1100 1030 1012Bulgaria . . 4231 3415 1853 1398Sudan 750 . . 640 506 438Bangladesh 432 472 470 478 551Jordan 919 731 612 780 636Ethiopia 637 751 718 356 211Cyprus 538 552 821 806 1104Ecuador 405 433 459 467 432Slovenia xxx xxx xxx xxx 530Eritrea xxx xxx xxx xxx xxxKenya 841 786 816 637 468Tunisia 352 364 335 342 344

Lithuania xxx xxx xxx xxx . .Dominican Rep. 176 146 117 129 169Kazakhstan xxx xxx xxx xxx . .Libya . . . . . . . . . .Macedonia, FYR xxx xxx xxx xxx . .Uruguay 581 632 607 468 623Bahrain 238 248 271 294 313Botswana 171 185 234 250 233Guatemala 332 332 326 248 298Belarus xxx xxx xxx xxx 309Luxembourg 177 162 169 186 194Azerbaijan xxx xxx xxx xxx 367Brunei 326 325 368 366 350Bolivia . . 165 224 218 201Cameroon 204 211 219 224 217Uganda 71.1 90.9 100 92.3 77.5Estonia xxx xxx xxx xxx 50.4Latvia xxx xxx xxx xxx . .Tanzania 101 172 142 154 154Namibia xxx xxx 292 203 153Gabon . . . . . . . . . .El Salvador 227 231 267 285 256Armenia xxx xxx xxx xxx 129Guinea . . . . . . 67.6 56.7Senegal 115 118 121 118 114Zimbabwe SEE FOOTNOTE 198 199 201 191 153Mali 56.8 58.4 56.1 . . . .Cambodia 58.1 72.3 77 64.9 94.2Nepal 51.9 56.5 58.9 60.4 62.7Albania . . . . 265 . . 151Paraguay . . 109 110 151 148Madagascar 64.1 61.6 64.5 66.7 39.4Rwanda 41.3 48.7 112 154 127Mozambique 81.3 102 92.6 91.2 91.3Honduras . . . . . . . . . .Mauritania 47.2 41.7 39.2 37.1 35.7Congo . . . . . . . . . .Uzbekistan xxx xxx xxx xxx . .Burundi 41.8 46.9 49.4 51.9 53.3Kyrgyzstan xxx xxx xxx xxx 55.3Jamaica . . 46 55.1 50.8 80.3Burkina Faso 60.2 76 82.7 68.8 67.2Chad . . . . . . . . . .Ghana 23.5 24.9 26.7 38.3 41.6Fiji 40.2 46.3 44.9 44.6 40.8Papua New Guinea 71.8 78.1 105 75 81.1Lesotho 23.9 32.1 30.3 25.7 21.2Georgia xxx xxx xxx xxx . .Niger . . . . . . . . . .Malta 41.3 41.1 36.1 36.8 43.9Swaziland 13.6 16 21.1 22.8 28.7Nicaragua . . . . 93.1 77.2 51.7Djibouti 67.3 65.4 60.8 58.1 59.5Mongolia . . . . 61.4 46.2 31.4

Benin 70.6 53.7 52.1 . . . .Sierra Leone 0.1 0.3 0.7 2.4 4.9Laos . . . . . . . . 178Tajikistan xxx xxx xxx xxx 34.6Malawi 20.4 22.1 20.9 18.6 20.5Moldova xxx xxx xxx xxx . .Mauritius 8.2 11.2 13.9 15.7 16.2Guinea-Bissau . . 7.4 . . . . . .Seychelles 13.8 15.3 15.8 17.2 19.9Belize 4.9 6.8 7.2 7 7.6Cape Verde 10.9 . . . . . . . .Gambia 1.9 2.5 2.9 3.4 2.8Costa Rica 0 0 0 0 0Haiti 6.9 7.3 7.2 7.4 6.7Panama 150 149 106 112 111

AfricaNorth AfricaSub-Saharan

AmericasCentral America and the CaribbeanNorth AmericaSouth America

Asia & OceaniaCentral AsiaEast AsiaSouth AsiaOceania

EuropeMiddle East

Military expenditure by country, in constant (2009) US$ m., 1988-2010Figures are in US $m., at constant 2009 prices and exchange rates, except for the last figure, which is in US$m. at 2010 prices and exchange rates". ." = data unavailable. "xxx" = country did not exist or was not independent during all or part of the year in question.

xxx xxx xxx xxx xxx xxxxxx xxx xxx xxx xxx xxxxxx xxx xxx xxx xxx xxxxxx xxx xxx xxx xxx xxxxxx xxx xxx xxx xxx xxxxxx xxx xxx xxx xxx xxxxxx xxx xxx xxx xxx xxx. . 7 7.6 . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . .

7.9 9.4 9 8.1 . . . .. . 196 174 168 254 215. . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . .

73.8 52.7 49.4 . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . .

543 741 . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . .

194 171 . . 164 164 . .. . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . 98.5 81.1 24.4. . . . . . . . . . . .

131 154 130 86.7 86.9 . .24.4 21.4 19.7 18.2 . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . .442029 415106 392601 371250 369315 360995

65487 65824 62566 61064 61274 5967349448 49686 50182 51195 51423 5128656100 52317 51459 50453 48622 4877753763 52033 48447 48196 46024 4546634975 34111 31153 34341 36005 3719320300 19400 20000 22000 22800 2590050987 49690 29427 25987 28834 1840021142 18249 16086 16060 21810 2519114942 15008 15458 15739 17422 1817710390 12279 17076 15880 15771 1695214802 14475 14869 16648 17345 1817513941 14350 15095 15909 16294 1573014196 12782 13243 12938 13056 1283211839 11971 11596 11454 11657 1222815506 15278 14403 13223 12190 1261511349 10467 10229 10894 10954 1137011596 11183 10865 10927 10813 10774

. . . . . . . . 7163 82396365 6475 6613 7009 7469 81392675 4136 2979 3310 3689 3891

10954 10831 9790 9874 10250 9992

Front page

6280 6266 6280 6362 6044 62173448 3563 4268 4676 5247 59424918 4910 4941 5199 5688 59016048 6015 5893 5781 5709 57073263 3118 3533 4120 4696 36444970 5226 4720 4785 4705 50165656 5605 5671 5366 5172 51604532 4419 4372 4386 4442 44913827 3723 3998 3855 3939 38523775 3747 3522 3315 3363 35924008 3906 3971 3966 3798 37934929 5229 5735 4877 3716 34672593 2622 2686 2788 3032 32352818 3543 2960 3142 3148 32474765 3495 3357 2424 3976 30903334 3348 3319 3289 3295 33052440 2593 2612 2467 2553 22613365 3655 3251 3095 2661 24571274 1549 1501 1709 2056 21742631 2717 2606 2584 2445 26543829 4154 4310 4311 3999 32492733 2688 2419 2679 2881 29442149 2328 2476 2380 2237 16442093 2149 1979 1974 2067 20921991 2372 2309 2244 2516 22851927 1913 1469 1371 1650 14881924 2126 2238 2433 2633 2204

1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 19982131 2342 2296 2037 2003 20191256 1427 1435 1394 1438 1517

399 1758 1889 1820 2256 18241070 1119 1128 1189 1260 12711067 1105 1299 1253 1058 11852055 . . 963 721 1156 3572802 3149 3349 3139 3167 24411063 1097 1942 1930 1553 1214

976 1225 1255 1101 922 889. . . . . . 1091 1211 1109

694 806 1356 1267 1125 11791060 1131 1260 1321 1180 11651095 1101 1121 1130 1107 1108

602 423 487 413 444 567876 898 674 614 788 756

1056 1444 1070 731 681 789502 372 521 263 208 602598 670 690 721 767 778667 678 488 646 667 723233 215 181 203 374 786496 521 468 702 890 794536 488 715 599 685 754455 442 504 517 496 495340 245 384 437 276 770392 326 377 440 419 394358 370 376 433 427 436

168 90.7 94.4 105 173 300214 217 164 193 261 268506 324 334 361 338 335

. . . . . . . . 468 528

. . . . . . 160 126 129484 716 439 419 414 404304 308 319 339 333 341244 224 204 188 217 266273 287 276 231 217 226475 493 196 150 246 230177 195 191 196 212 228386 195 161 142 163 186309 319 305 342 398 359205 208 205 200 238 280219 179 177 180 199 225

97.6 121 137 147 145 18467.9 86.4 85.6 83.3 111 11896.5 112 109 84.5 82 88102 94.7 123 121 129 141

91.2 72.6 80.8 86.4 107 114. . . . . . . . . . . .

207 174 162 147 142 13771.8 . . 122 105 134 13244.2 45.3 . . . . 44.3 48.4134 110 112 110 110 116136 876 739 142 150 . .

69.7 74.8 80 75.4 87.4 86.466.9 146 160 143 142 12765.4 65 64.3 63.9 67.7 68.7132 126 118 106 73.8 69.7111 111 127 115 139 130

60.2 50.6 46.5 67.3 85.8 82.9123 33.2 70.8 101 92.6 102

98.5 115 51.3 46.6 51.7 61.4. . . . . . . . . . . .

34.7 33.3 35.6 42.6 49.5 35. . . . . . . . . . . .. . 52.4 43.9 58.6 68.1 . .

52.7 55.2 45.9 53.2 57.4 61.642.7 55.8 72 68.3 75.6 65.467.5 50.9 62.5 66.2 74.2 6160.7 47.8 48.7 47.4 45.7 53.974.4 58.6 43.5 49.5 35.8 33.848.6 52.9 54 45.5 45.6 56.741.7 41.3 40 36.7 34.4 32.774.4 72.2 68 69 90.4 73.919.4 23.1 28.7 25.7 . . . .

. . . . . . 124 77.6 75

. . 34.1 29.3 26.9 29.7 36.546.6 50.1 50.1 53.6 52 47.733.2 34.5 35 35.9 34.8 38.743.6 44.3 44.3 39.9 39.3 33.852.6 48.8 44.9 35.9 37.9 37.329.9 26 36.6 31 28.2 29.3

. . . . . . . . . . . .6.3 7.1 8.5 7.6 4.1 . .

175 177 159 114 95.4 72.3125 46.9 13.5 14.5 20.8 23.9

20.8 20.4 12.6 16.7 21.5 17.236.1 22.9 34.1 32.6 33.2 21.815.7 16.3 16.9 15.8 13.1 12.1

. . 4 4.2 3.5 3.2 4.912.6 11.1 10.2 9.8 10.6 10

8.7 11 10.9 10.1 11.8 . .4.7 5.8 9.1 6.4 6.4 7.1

2 1.8 2.1 2.9 3.2 3.10 0 0 0 0 0

6.4 5.2 6.4 0 0 0133 139 132 136 157 138

xxx xxx xxx xxx xxx xxxxxx xxx xxx xxx xxx xxxxxx xxx xxx xxx xxx xxxxxx xxx xxx xxx xxx xxxxxx xxx xxx xxx xxx xxxxxx xxx xxx xxx xxx xxxxxx xxx xxx . . . . 4.2. . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . .

233 . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . 43.5 43.3. . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . 1369 1402. . . . . . . . . . 2089. . . . . . . . 1360 1407. . . . . . 1511 1524 1404. . . . . . . . 310 327. . . . . . . . 153 156

88.9 66.1 . . . . 113 187. . . . . . 428 298 267

129 . . . . . . . . 177. . . . . . 20.2 22.7 21.2. . . . . . . . 1.1 4.2

361885 375893 378925 425471 484255 52779960198 59508 59308 60525 62364 6407651378 51755 52314 52844 52954 5247049773 48969 48170 48306 47646 4618345324 45549 47112 49977 52765 5254138651 41229 40553 41661 41999 4213729800 32100 39500 45900 49800 5520019061 25977 28833 32035 34080 3545422424 24714 26322 23109 23279 2587921124 21798 22557 22487 22989 2667917366 18811 21679 22079 17614 1830120066 19420 17803 18942 17096 1560215302 16242 16711 17171 17755 1853513168 13639 13814 14145 14010 1446112829 12791 13301 13870 14123 1470513155 12943 13280 13350 13595 1411011773 12121 12656 14037 13194 1259411299 10854 11137 11125 11283 11370

8486 11084 10703 9844 10329 111538521 8992 8794 8626 7390 81255435 7816 8552 6162 7503 92288607 7984 8146 7424 7864 8230

Front page

6452 6686 6250 6084 6040 56846053 5855 5995 6320 6382 65035803 5632 5804 5904 6137 64165781 5781 5527 5359 5417 53043750 4730 5347 5530 6429 63405043 4877 4908 5897 5670 58134775 4705 4595 4398 4283 42044464 4317 4586 4530 4396 44214053 4174 4341 4463 4306 45743648 3900 4169 4360 4567 43213828 3839 4108 4414 4714 49113369 3906 3839 3962 4269 45953426 3625 3763 4013 4074 47233416 3526 3490 3373 3364 32412684 3293 3329 2445 2380 33743373 3452 3216 3160 3291 32972288 2724 3169 3263 3433 38602278 2728 3068 3300 3451 34822295 2663 2914 2978 2914 33142878 2968 2855 3051 3314 31802813 2638 2747 2755 2802 25282565 2702 2576 2627 3050 32342225 2020 2513 2855 3640 35131732 1341 2426 2309 2446 23772062 1963 2059 2048 2112 22711713 1842 2032 1981 2129 19711902 . . 2025 3293 4291 4412

1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 20042081 1982 1953 1664 1714 17641634 1760 1850 1920 2201 22051680 2083 1760 1871 2162 23341314 1349 1464 1405 1347 13681188 1503 1291 1206 1222 12964558 2111 1272 1304 1722 16391914 1349 1250 1352 1094 9581061 1102 1242 1258 1335 12401055 1187 1228 1142 1148 11671039 1504 1197 1324 1161 10721062 1421 1186 981 883 9831150 1215 1130 1187 1310 12201123 1128 1104 1062 1086 1102

960 741 1056 1594 981 956820 976 1037 1313 1355 1105895 923 1022 1031 1051 1027

1079 1404 882 1021 781 2220806 842 841 816 818 822741 761 747 724 835 775

1247 1125 715 588 484 525491 524 619 423 410 426577 562 589 689 934 873466 424 520 577 601 637816 679 502 480 469 . .384 412 474 510 515 508432 451 469 464 483 491

249 425 453 465 514 492278 370 443 499 316 239280 294 432 473 560 640408 437 427 549 683 892115 131 418 181 165 173418 350 401 348 334 324381 378 398 475 546 550253 280 342 365 352 325220 279 327 242 231 140230 255 318 330 334 404231 236 296 264 279 293243 257 291 313 391 474321 304 280 297 310 245237 226 266 264 292 284243 236 235 255 273 291211 204 206 221 238 272146 173 201 240 278 293115 143 180 294 339 366140 149 173 169 154 157156 141 168 168 166 175

. . 166 165 165 154 159141 155 145 143 136 130142 144 140 138 159 175

63.6 62.4 126 139 108 99.9125 115 126 127 138 138211 207 120 118 92.4 196

97.7 113 114 113 129 141131 121 111 101 102 99.1

74.3 81.7 106 141 157 18780.8 89.3 102 101 114 124116 113 102 98.9 88.4 105

77.7 78.5 98.4 78.1 90 89.7104 87.9 90 84.8 79.2 69.1

73.7 76.4 87 90.1 89.1 97.6. . 76.2 86.9 112 107 99.6

46.6 61.1 85.4 61.1 96.9 99.6. . . . 81.2 96 107 108

104 89.6 77.2 65.7 70.1 . .64.6 55.6 73.7 70.7 73.7 69.966.3 82.1 71.5 82.9 94.4 10158.2 57.2 60.9 73.5 76.6 7160.2 61.3 60.4 65.5 66.5 79.149.8 56.3 60 60.6 61.4 72.760.1 84.2 52.9 58.3 72.5 70.733.5 48.1 50.6 45.4 45.6 50.959.8 55 50.6 35.1 31.8 35.649.7 47.7 50.1 38.3 36.1 33.657.7 39.4 50 71.5 83.7 11741.7 39.9 48.9 37.7 38 44.346.2 44.9 47.9 47.3 48.8 51.640.5 38.8 36.5 37.2 43.3 47.834.7 39.9 36.3 46.6 48.3 4337.4 35.7 35.1 44.6 54.9 47.629.9 38.1 34.8 38.1 36.1 39.3

32.3 29.1 26.1 48 52.4 57.1. . 21 25.4 24.4 28.5 26

31.7 24.6 23.9 22.2 19.2 18.220 17.2 17.1 36.4 47.2 55.4

16.8 14.2 15.2 16.4 16.9 28.417.3 13.2 14.6 17.1 18.6 16.612.7 13.1 13.3 13.6 13.9 13.2

. . 17.9 11.6 10.9 11.2 . .10.1 9.4 9.8 9.7 9.6 12.3

7.7 9.1 9.4 9.6 10.3 117.9 12.8 8.7 7.9 8.3 8.62.8 3 2.6 2.8 3 2.7

0 0 0 0 0 00 0 0 0 0 0

146 0 0 0 0 0

xxx xxx xxx xxx xxx xxxxxx xxx xxx xxx xxx xxxxxx xxx xxx xxx xxx xxxxxx xxx xxx xxx xxx xxxxxx xxx xxx xxx xxx xxxxxx 68.7 62.2 69.8 54.9 55.8

10.4 20.7 26.1 23.8 38 18.6. . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . .

42.5 . . . . 55.1 . . . .. . . . . . 6.2 9.9 . .

1462 1721 2219 2186 2401 24102820 2362 2078 5277 4156 46631771 1830 2026 2164 2249 . .1492 1577 1922 2413 . . . .

313 324 353 353 . . . .142 154 226 198 250 . .219 238 225 162 122 163223 215 212 220 242 232191 209 151 252 212 243

21 . . 21.9 30.9 36 52.910.3 4.8 3.9 3.9 7.2 . .

552966 561555 576294 618940 668604 68710562724 63059 63272 62642 66869 6128552270 51616 50905 50221 51008 5142045460 44411 44454 45730 47453 4684852579 52475 53122 55291 57907 5742440539 39226 38006 39408 38303 3819862100 72900 84100 92700 110100 11430038669 42317 45908 50937 53330 5258631183 35522 40919 40159 41273 4291728196 28365 28765 32106 35819 3481619802 20504 22114 23528 25704 2809614770 15859 13880 15285 16302 1563420047 20778 21717 23138 24372 2427014565 17027 17591 17646 16939 1580315222 16038 17023 17643 18963 1979914730 15415 16806 18111 19518 2016412903 13687 13458 13074 12373 1300111388 11922 12082 11873 12129 1160410380 10504 11275 13585 15774 15749

8786 9135 9128 10148 10572 936911444 12743 10473 7044 . . . .

7870 7419 7946 8470 9008 8535

5758 5668 5817 5174 5063 52486908 6966 7236 7293 7743 76516859 7303 8256 7385 7917 83805111 5071 5472 5959 5622 53826541 6909 7430 8323 8569 91915469 5459 5807 5838 6196 63224138 3939 3964 4060 4057 43924213 4606 4442 4614 4337 45884848 4710 4508 4525 4810 52134313 4413 4444 4139 4017 39145101 5160 5182 4888 5039 51604447 4419 4707 4336 4334 44115090 5633 5781 5626 5679 61983483 3789 4279 4284 4762 48594558 6014 5020 5562 4273 31063226 3098 3683 3570 3334 34464652 4975 5040 4799 4489 40473791 3782 3713 3647 3813 37353470 3557 4173 4862 5281 55863477 3212 3098 2641 2719 25292547 2654 3498 4115 4907 43363320 3380 3184 3428 3599 37183758 3678 4107 4199 3881 32592467 2490 2565 2861 3055 32562403 2476 2375 2617 2225 21641951 1749 1782 1656 1476 13234313 4380 5271 4903 4702 6009

2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 20101853 1910 2211 2512 2982 31792218 1994 2120 1922 2182 22362826 3170 3853 3770 3347 34421386 1374 1384 1434 1415 13541434 1476 1416 1387 1712 19922322 2728 2393 2479 3165 3774

943 1048 1079 1239 1129 10601344 1363 1371 1403 1218 10101185 1177 1292 1184 1426 1564

899 907 1022 1009 941 920910 1051 1287 1474 1480 1280

1231 1254 1472 1342 1321 14861114 1172 1227 1263 1339 1358

844 879 1021 1435 1504 17241136 1063 1271 1222 . . . .1050 1042 1210 1014 963 6981815 1991 . . . . . . . .

833 897 944 932 1024 1137770 843 1177 1331 1404 1363519 469 429 343 340 338462 454 430 432 471 510

1146 1108 1493 1628 1915 2116650 744 749 793 792 788

. . . . . . . . . . . .536 530 594 567 580 594529 551 507 550 532 548

532 579 632 661 504 427295 280 285 327 322 322806 944 1420 1349 1272 1227879 773 728 1100 . . . .162 154 176 163 159 145335 341 349 398 503 491544 592 627 677 762 731312 301 331 346 363 352122 149 147 157 146 161526 683 745 764 676 726297 291 301 . . . . . .554 1138 1237 1666 1473 1421297 334 345 336 331 327274 277 307 361 347 314287 312 327 339 343 368272 263 296 346 315 276365 410 498 480 437 336426 536 584 572 364 268169 185 194 197 217 . .194 204 228 282 300 329141 138 134 . . . . 134128 131 131 119 138 133215 254 297 345 359 404

. . . . . . . . . . . .157 182 205 204 208 207132 107 . . . . . . | 93.8154 165 179 167 174 183

99.1 106 116 123 191 . .207 194 180 188 210 207129 158 196 231 249 201

93.6 106 108 119 126 14680.4 77.5 93.4 98.3 71 55.766.8 73.6 68.2 71.9 75.3 77.274.6 66.9 75.2 78.2 86.3 . .

99 98.8 137 217 217 23584.4 98.7 . . 114 115 . .110 108 121 141 . . 133

. . . . . . . . . . . .66.8 55.8 56.1 46.9 . . . .112 123 149 160 167 . .

68.2 81.2 89.8 121 115 95.282.6 89 110 120 110 14073.9 . . 479 638 436 24270.5 75.8 116 102 113 11544.7 56 69.4 45.2 50.2 . .41.8 40.6 48.2 38.9 39.4 39.134.3 36.1 39.3 27.3 45.6 . .310 527 1043 990 604 452

42.6 . . . . 53.1 . . 49.265 52.8 52.9 54.2 59.1 58.8

62.6 62.3 62.6 69.7 101 10242.5 44.9 44.4 41.2 41.8 44.155.5 59.2 39.3 36.9 . . . .

38 46.6 61.2 49.2 37.6 47.4

60.6 60.6 . . 65.6 . . . .28.4 34.6 32.6 42.9 . . . .17.6 17.8 17.7 17.6 18.4 . .

. . . . . . . . . . . .41.4 47.4 48.6 . . . . . .19.4 24.6 28 34.4 24.9 1913.4 13.1 12.8 14 . . . .15.7 . . . . . . . . . .11.3 11.1 13.5 7.8 7.5 6.6

12 13.2 14.5 18.5 16.9 14.99.2 8.7 8.7 8.2 8.6 8.83.8 3.4 4.6 . . . . . .

0 0 0 0 0 00 0 0 0 0 00 0 0 0 0 0

xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx

53.519.9

. .

. .

. .

. .

. .

. .

. .

. .

. .23854901

. .

. .

. .

. .184227276

51.6. .

6982815932254527451525959836972

119400586684524541284335381750927591153592397222788140361120716062

9354. .

9078

Front page

5641839989025244

107176729461544725040429056464612690954143328334342004507566825584846358836263162220213507208

2010 current prices3344234637111279215637291030

9721633

8481379162616051952

. .681

. .12241430

297497

2191766

. .603539

412334

1317. .

140589742396170730

. .1502

355322354268330253

. .397125135422

. .200

98.3176

. .247190160

56.977.1

. .246

. .134

. .

. .

. .106132226126

. .42.5

. .454

47.257

12444.4

. .54.9

. .

. .

. .

. .

. .18.3

. .

. .7.2

15.38.6

. .000

Military expenditure by country as percentage of gross domestic product, 1988-2009Countries are grouped by region and subregion

". ." = data unavailable. "xxx" = country did not exist or was not independent during all or part of the year in question.

Country 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995AfricaNorth AfricaAlgeria 1.7 1.5 1.5 1.2 2.1 2.5 3.1 2.9Libya . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Morocco 4.1 4.3 4.1 4.1 4.3 4.7 4.5 4.3Tunisia 2.3 2.3 2 2 1.9 1.9 1.9 1.9Sub-SaharanAngola . . . . . . 3.8 5.7 17.5 5.7 4.6Benin 2.3 1.9 1.7 . . . . . . . . . .Botswana 5.6 4.5 4.7 4.9 4.7 5.1 4.5 3.9Burkina Faso 1.9 2.3 2.2 1.8 1.7 1.5 1.2 1.1Burundi 3.1 3.3 3.4 3.8 3.6 3.7 3.9 4.2Cameroon 1.3 1.3 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.3 1.3 1.3Cape Verde 1.9 . . . . . . . . 0.8 0.8 1.3Central African Rep. . . . . . . 1.6 1.6 1.5 1.3 1.2Chad . . . . . . . . . . 3.3 2.3 1.7Congo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Congo, Dem. Rep. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Côte d’Ivoire 1.2 1.3 1.3 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.1 . .Djibouti 7.3 7.1 6.9 6.9 7 6.7 6.2 5.9Equatorial Guinea . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.9 2.1Eritrea xxx xxx xxx xxx xxx 21.3 12.7 19.5Ethiopia 8.1 9.6 8.5 5.3 2.7 2.9 2.4 2Gabon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Gambia 0.9 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.1 0.9 0.8 . .Ghana 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.6 0.6 0.7 0.7 0.8Guinea . . . . . . 2.4 1.7 1.3 1.4 . .Guinea-Bissau . . 0.2 . . . . . . . . 0.3 0.5Kenya 2.9 2.7 2.9 2.4 1.9 1.8 1.6 1.6Lesotho 3.8 4.9 4.5 3.8 2.9 2.7 3.1 3.7Liberia 2.4 . . 3.7 7.2 10.1 19 29.7 . .Madagascar 1.3 1.2 1.2 1.3 0.8 1.1 0.9 0.9Malawi 1.5 1.5 1.3 1.1 1.4 1.3 1.4 0.8Mali 2.2 2.1 2 . . . . 2.1 1.9 2Mauritania 4.5 4 3.8 3.6 2.7 2.4 2.2 2.3Mauritius 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.3Mozambique 5.3 5.9 5.9 2.6 3 2.9 3.3 1.5Namibia xxx xxx 8.1 5.6 4.3 2.5 1.8 1.9Niger . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.2 1Nigeria 0.8 0.6 0.9 0.7 0.5 0.9 0.8 0.7Rwanda 1.6 1.8 3.7 5.5 4.3 4.5 3.4 4.4Senegal 2 1.9 2 1.9 1.8 2.1 1.7 1.7Seychelles 4.3 4.3 4 4.4 4.7 2.8 2.4 2.3Sierra Leone 0.7 1 1.4 2.1 3 3 2.9 2.9Somalia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .South Africa 4 3.8 3.7 3.1 2.6 2.4 2.5 2.1Sudan 3.6 . . 3.5 3.6 3.2 3.6 2.8 2.3

Swaziland 1.2 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.5 1.6 1.6 1.6Tanzania 1.4 2.4 2 2.2 2.1 1.4 1.3 1.6Togo 3.1 3.1 3.1 2.9 2.9 4 2.6 2Uganda 2.5 2.7 3 2.5 1.7 1.9 2 2.1Zambia 2.4 4.2 3.7 2.6 3 1.6 1.9 1.6Zimbabwe 5 4.6 4.4 3.8 3.7 3.4 20.2 19.1

AmericasCentral America and the CaribbeanBelize 1 1.2 1.2 1.1 1 1.1 1.4 1.3Costa Rica 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Cuba . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Dominican Rep. 1.1 1 0.9 0.7 0.8 1 0.9 0.7El Salvador 3.2 3.4 2.3 2.2 1.9 1.5 1.2 1Guatemala 1.6 1.5 1.5 1.1 1.3 1.1 1.1 1Haiti 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1Honduras . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Jamaica . . 0.5 0.6 0.5 0.9 0.7 0.5 0.6Mexico 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.6 0.7 0.6Nicaragua . . . . . . 4 2.6 2.1 1.2 1.1Panama 2.1 2.1 1.3 1.2 1.1 1.2 1.2 1.1Trinidad & Tobago . . . . . . . . . . 0.1 0.4 0.5North AmericaCanada 2 1.9 2 1.9 1.9 1.8 1.7 1.6USA 5.7 5.5 5.3 4.7 4.8 4.5 4.1 3.8South AmericaArgentina 1.4 1.4 1.1 1.3 1.2 1.4 1.5 1.5Bolivia . . 2.1 2.7 2.6 2.4 2.3 2.3 2.1Brazil 2.1 2.6 1.9 1.2 1.2 1.6 1.6 1.9Chile 5 4.2 4.3 3.9 3.7 3.6 3.3 3.1Colombia 3 3.3 2.7 2.6 2.8 2.6 2.4 2.6Ecuador 2 1.9 1.9 1.8 1.7 1.8 1.6 2.4Guyana 2 1.2 0.9 0.6 1 1 1 0.9Paraguay . . 1.3 1.2 1.7 1.6 1.2 1.2 1.3Peru . . 0.2 0.1 1.2 1.8 1.9 1.8 1.9Uruguay 2.6 2.9 2.9 2.1 2.8 2.2 3.2 2Venezuela . . . . . . 1.8 1.6 2.1 1.6 1.5

Asia & OceaniaCentral AsiaKazakhstan xxx xxx xxx xxx . . 1.1 0.8 1Kyrgyzstan xxx xxx xxx xxx 1.6 1.5 2.6 3.5Tajikistan xxx xxx xxx xxx 0.3 3.5 1.7 1.1Turkmenistan xxx xxx xxx xxx . . . . 1.8 2.3Uzbekistan xxx xxx xxx xxx . . . . 1.5 1.1East AsiaBrunei 6.6 6.2 6.4 6.4 6.2 5.7 6 5.5Cambodia 1.3 2 2.1 2.3 3.1 1.8 3.8 3.6China, P. R. . . 2.5 2.5 2.4 2.5 2 1.7 1.7Indonesia 1.3 1.2 1.2 1.1 1.1 1 1.1 1Japan 1 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 1 1 1Korea, North . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Korea, South 4.5 4.4 4 3.7 3.7 3.4 3.2 3Laos . . . . . . . . 8.6 7.9 7.4 6.1Malaysia 2.4 2.6 2.6 3.2 3 2.9 2.8 2.8Mongolia 6.3 6.3 4.3 3.2 1.9 1.7 1.7 1.6

Myanmar 2.1 3 3.4 3.2 3.4 3.5 3.5 3.7Philippines 1.5 1.4 1.4 1.3 1.3 1.4 1.4 1.4Singapore 4.8 4.7 4.9 4.7 4.7 4.3 4 4.4Taiwan 5 5 4.9 4.7 4.5 4.7 4.4 3.8Thailand 2.9 2.6 2.7 2.5 2.7 2.4 2.4 2.3Viet Nam 7.1 7.7 7.9 5.6 3.4 2.3 2.6 . .South AsiaAfghanistan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Bangladesh 1 1.1 1 1 1.1 1.2 1.2 1.3India 3.6 3.5 3.2 3 2.8 2.9 2.8 2.7Nepal 0.9 1 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.8Pakistan 6.2 6 5.8 5.8 6.1 5.7 5.3 5.3Sri Lanka 2.4 1.8 2.3 3.1 3.4 3.4 3.7 5.9OceaniaAustralia 2.1 2 2 2.1 2.1 2.2 2.1 2Fiji 2.2 2.5 2.3 2.3 2 2 1.8 1.8New Zealand 2 1.9 1.8 1.7 1.6 1.5 1.5 1.4Papua New Guinea 1.3 1.5 2.1 1.4 1.3 1.1 1 1Timor Leste xxx xxx xxx xxx xxx xxx xxx xxx

EuropeAlbania 5.6 5.2 5.9 . . 4.9 3.2 2.5 2.1Armenia xxx xxx xxx xxx 2.2 2.3 . . 4.1Austria 1.3 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1Azerbaijan xxx xxx xxx xxx 2.5 4.9 3.7 2.7Belarus xxx xxx xxx xxx 1.6 2.8 3.6 1.7Belgium 2.6 2.5 2.4 2.3 1.8 1.7 1.7 1.6Bosnia-Herzegovina xxx xxx xxx xxx . . . . . . . .Bulgaria . . 4.4 3.8 3 3 2.6 4 2.9Croatia xxx xxx xxx xxx 7.8 10 11.1 9.3Cyprus 5.7 5.4 7.4 7.3 9.1 4.1 4 3.2Czech Rep. xxx xxx xxx xxx xxx 2.3 2.3 1.9Czechoslovakia . . . . . . . . . . xxx xxx xxxDenmark 2.1 2 2 2 1.9 1.9 1.8 1.7Estonia xxx xxx xxx xxx 0.5 0.8 1 1Finland 1.6 1.5 1.6 1.8 1.9 1.9 1.8 1.5France 3.6 3.5 3.4 3.4 3.3 3.3 3.3 3Georgia xxx xxx xxx xxx . . . . . . . .German DR . . . . xxx xxx xxx xxx xxx xxxGermany 2.9 2.8 2.8 2.2 2 1.9 1.7 1.6Greece 4.2 3.8 3.8 3.5 3.6 3.6 3.6 3.2Hungary 3.8 3.1 2.8 2.4 2.4 2.2 2.1 1.6Iceland . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Ireland 1.2 1.1 1.3 1.3 1.2 1.2 1.2 1Italy 2.3 2.3 2.1 2.1 2 2 1.9 1.7Latvia xxx xxx xxx xxx . . 0.7 0.8 0.9Lithuania xxx xxx xxx xxx . . 0.8 0.5 0.5Luxembourg 1.1 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.8 0.8 0.9Macedonia, FYR xxx xxx xxx xxx . . . . . . . .Malta 1.2 1.1 0.9 0.9 1 1 1 0.9Moldova xxx xxx xxx xxx . . 0.5 0.8 0.9Montenegro xxx xxx xxx xxx xxx xxx xxx xxxNetherlands 2.8 2.7 2.5 2.4 2.4 2.2 2.1 1.9Norway 2.9 2.9 2.9 2.7 3 2.7 2.7 2.4Poland 2.5 1.8 2.6 2.3 2.2 2.5 2.3 2

Portugal 2.7 2.7 2.7 2.7 2.7 2.6 2.5 2.4Romania 4.3 4.7 4.6 4.8 4.3 2.7 3.1 2.8Russia 15.8 14.2 12.3 . . 5.5 5.3 5.9 4.4Serbia xxx xxx xxx xxx . . . . . . . .Slovak Rep. xxx xxx xxx xxx xxx 2 1.9 3.2Slovenia xxx xxx xxx xxx 2.2 1.8 1.7 1.6Spain 2 2 1.8 1.7 1.5 1.7 1.5 1.4Sweden 2.6 2.5 2.6 2.5 2.4 2.5 2.4 2.3Switzerland 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.6 1.5 1.4 1.5Turkey 2.9 3.1 3.5 3.8 3.9 3.9 4.1 3.9UK 4.1 4 3.9 4.1 3.8 3.5 3.3 3Ukraine xxx xxx xxx xxx . . 0.5 2.5 2.8Yugoslavia (former) . . . . . . . . xxx xxx xxx xxx

Middle EastBahrain 5 5.1 4.8 5.1 5.3 4.8 4.6 4.7Egypt 6.5 5.1 4.7 4.8 4.5 4.3 4.2 3.9Iran 2 2.4 2 1.7 1.4 1.5 2.4 1.8Iraq . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Israel 15.4 12.9 12.5 15.3 11.3 11.6 9.9 8.5Jordan 9.4 9.1 7.8 10 6.9 7 6.7 4.5Kuwait 8.2 8.5 48.5 117 31.8 12.4 13.3 13.6Lebanon 1.2 . . 7.5 5.1 7.9 6 6.9 6.6Oman 18.3 16.7 16.5 14.8 16.2 15.4 15.7 14.6Qatar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Saudi Arabia 15.2 13.4 14 12.5 11.3 12.5 10.6 9.3Syria 7.3 7.4 6.4 9.7 8.4 6.7 7.2 6.9UAE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Yemen . . . . 6.2 6.6 6.8 6.6 7.9 6Yemen, North . . . . xxx xxx xxx xxx xxx xxxYemen, South . . . . xxx xxx xxx xxx xxx xxx

Military expenditure by country as percentage of gross domestic product, 1988-2009

". ." = data unavailable. "xxx" = country did not exist or was not independent during all or part of the year in question.

1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005

3.1 3.6 4 3.8 3.4 3.8 3.7 3.3 3.3 2.8. . 4.1 5.3 3.8 3.1 2.7 2.2 1.9 1.9 1.4

3.9 4.2 3.6 3 2.3 3.9 3.6 3.7 3.4 3.42 1.9 1.8 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6

2.4 6 2.6 17.3 6.4 4.5 3.8 4.8 4.1 4.5. . . . . . 0.7 0.6 0.5 0.9 0.9 1 1

3.5 3.7 4 3.6 3.6 3.8 3.8 3.8 3.4 3.11.1 1 1.1 1.1 1.2 1.1 1.1 1 1.1 1.15.9 6.4 6.6 6.3 6 8 7.2 7.3 6.6 6.21.2 1.3 1.4 1.4 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.4 1.4 1.30.8 0.8 0.9 0.8 1.3 0.8 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.71.2 . . . . . . . . . . 1.1 1.3 1.2 1.11.9 1.3 1.1 1.7 1.9 1.8 1.7 1.5 1.1 0.9

. . . . . . . . . . 1.4 1.7 1.9 1.7 1.31.5 1.4 0.4 1.2 1 . . . . 1.4 2.1 2.30.9 0.8 . . . . . . . . . . 1.5 1.5 1.4

5 5.3 5.2 5 4.7 4.5 5.6 6.7 5.6 6.3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

20.3 11.9 32.5 34.4 32.7 22.1 20.7 20.9 . . . .1.8 3.4 6.7 8.4 7.5 4.4 3.4 2.8 2.5 2.3

. . . . . . . . 1.8 1.9 2 1.8 1.7 1.3

. . . . . . . . 1 0.9 1 1.1 0.4 0.50.6 0.7 0.8 0.8 1 0.6 0.6 0.7 0.6 0.6

. . 1.2 1.3 1.6 1.5 2.9 3.1 2.4 2.2 . .0.6 0.7 1.4 . . 4.4 3.1 3.2 1.6 . . 2.11.4 1.3 1.2 1.2 1.3 1.5 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.7

3 2.8 3.4 4.3 4 3.4 3 2.9 2.6 2.5. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.2 0.7 1.5

1.2 1.5 1.3 1.2 1.2 1.4 1.3 1.3 1.2 1.10.9 1 0.8 0.8 0.7 0.7 0.6 0.5 0.8 1.21.9 2 1.9 2 2.2 2 2.1 2.1 2.1 2.22.6 3 2.1 2.7 3.5 4.6 3.2 4.9 4.9 3.70.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.21.1 1.1 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.2 1.3 1.3 1.4 0.91.9 2.3 2.3 3.1 2.7 2.2 2.8 2.9 2.9 3.10.9 0.9 1.1 1.2 1.2 1.3 1 0.9 1.1 10.5 0.6 0.9 1.4 0.8 1.3 1.5 0.9 0.7 0.65.3 4.2 4.4 4.4 3.5 3.4 3 2.4 2 1.71.6 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.3 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.3 1.42.1 2 1.7 1.8 1.7 1.8 1.7 1.7 2.3 2.1

2 1.1 . . . . 3.7 3.7 2.9 2.9 2.1 2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1.9 1.6 1.5 1.3 1.5 1.6 1.6 1.7 1.5 1.51.3 1 2.4 4 4.5 2.5 2.7 1.9 4.7 3.3

Front page

1.5 1.4 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.4 1.5 1.7 1.7 2.11.6 1.5 1.6 1.5 1.5 1.6 1.4 1.2 1.1 1.1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.6 1.5 1.52.2 2.1 2.4 2.7 2.5 2.4 2.4 2.3 2.3 2.21.2 1.1 . . 1.8 . . . . . . . . 1.9 23.2 3.4 . . 4.4 4.7 2.2 2.2 2.5 5.5 2.3

1.2 1.4 . . 0.8 0.9 0.9 0.8 0.9 0.9 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .0.8 1 0.9 0.9 1.2 1.4 1.5 0.9 0.7 0.80.9 0.9 0.8 0.8 0.9 0.8 0.8 0.7 0.7 0.60.8 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.8 0.9 0.8 0.7 0.4 0.4

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0. . . . . . . . 0.7 0.8 1 0.9 0.8 0.8

0.7 0.7 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.6 0.5 0.50.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.5 0.5 0.4 0.40.9 0.9 0.7 0.7 0.8 0.7 0.8 0.9 0.7 0.71.1 1.2 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1.4 1.2 1.3 1.2 1.1 1.2 1.2 1.1 1.1 1.13.5 3.3 3.1 3 3.1 3.1 3.4 3.8 4 4

1.2 1.1 1.1 1.2 1.1 1.2 1.1 1.1 1 0.92 2.2 2.5 2.1 2 2.3 2.2 2.3 2 1.9

1.7 1.6 1.7 1.7 1.8 2 1.9 1.5 1.5 1.53.1 3.2 3.4 3.7 3.7 3.7 3.8 3.6 3.7 3.63.1 3.5 2.8 2.9 3.1 3.5 3.5 3.9 3.6 3.4

2 2.1 2.4 1.8 1.7 1.8 2 2.6 2.2 2.60.8 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1.1 1.4 1.3 1.2 1.1 1 1 0.8 0.9 0.81.8 1.4 1.6 1.6 2 1.7 1.5 1.5 1.4 1.51.8 1.7 1.6 1.8 1.5 1.8 1.7 1.6 1.4 1.3

1 1.8 1.6 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.2 1.2 1.3 1.4

1.2 1.1 1.1 0.8 0.8 1 1.1 1.1 1 13 3.1 2.7 2.6 2.9 2.3 2.7 2.9 2.8 3.1

1.3 1.7 1.7 1.4 1.2 1.2 2.1 2.2 2.2 . .2 4 3.1 2.9 . . . . . . . . . . . .

1.2 1.4 . . 1.6 1.2 0.8 0.6 0.5 . . . .

6.2 7.2 7.5 6.1 5.7 5.2 5.3 3.7 2.5 2.63.2 3 2.7 2.5 2.2 1.8 1.6 1.5 1.3 1.11.7 1.6 1.7 1.9 1.9 2.1 2.2 2.1 2.1 2

1 1 0.9 0.8 . . 0.6 1.1 1.3 1.3 1.11 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2.9 2.9 3 2.7 2.6 2.6 2.4 2.5 2.5 2.64.1 3.5 2.6 1.1 0.8 0.7 0.6 0.6 0.5 0.42.4 2.1 1.6 2.1 1.6 2.1 2.2 2.6 2.3 2.31.8 1.6 1.9 1.8 2.1 1.9 1.9 1.6 1.5 1.3

3.5 2.7 2.3 2 2.3 1.8 1.3 . . . . . .1.4 1.2 1.2 1.1 1.1 1 1 1 0.9 0.94.4 4.6 5.4 5.4 4.7 5 5.1 5.1 4.6 4.43.6 3.5 3.3 2.7 2.4 2.5 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.12.2 2.1 1.9 1.6 1.5 1.5 1.4 1.3 1.1 1.1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.1 2 1.9

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.2 2.1 1.71.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.2 1.1 1.1 1.1 12.6 2.7 2.8 3.1 3.1 3 2.9 2.8 2.8 2.70.8 0.8 0.8 0.9 0.8 1.1 1.4 1.6 1.9 2.25.1 4.9 4.8 3.8 3.7 3.8 3.9 3.7 3.6 3.45.5 4.6 4.5 4 5 4.3 3.3 2.9 3 2.6

1.9 1.9 1.9 1.9 1.8 1.9 1.9 1.8 1.8 1.81.5 1.5 1.4 1.2 1.9 2 1.7 1.6 1.7 1.41.4 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.2 1.2 1.1 1.1 1 1

1 1.3 1.1 0.9 0.9 0.8 0.6 0.5 0.6 0.6xxx xxx xxx xxx xxx xxx . . . . 1.1 2.5

1.4 1.3 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.4 1.43.3 3.9 3.5 3.7 3.6 3.1 2.7 2.7 2.7 2.9

1 1 1 1 1 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.92.3 2.3 2.4 2.6 2.3 2.3 2.2 2.4 2.6 2.31.3 1.8 1.5 1.4 1.3 1.4 1.4 1.3 1.4 1.51.5 1.5 1.5 1.4 1.4 1.3 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.1

. . . . . . . . . . . . 3.9 2.4 1.9 1.52.2 2.4 2.5 2.8 2.8 3 2.9 2.8 2.6 2.68.3 7.6 5.7 4.5 3.1 2.8 2.8 2.1 1.7 1.64.8 6 5.1 3 3 3.4 2.3 2.2 2.1 2.21.8 1.7 1.9 2 2 1.9 2 2.1 1.9 2

xxx xxx xxx xxx xxx xxx xxx xxx xxx xxx1.7 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.5 1.6 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.30.9 1 1.1 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.91.6 1.6 1.5 1.3 1.3 1.2 1.2 1.4 1.4 1.42.9 2.9 2.7 2.7 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.6 2.52.2 1.3 1.1 0.9 0.6 0.7 1 1.1 1.4 3.3

xxx xxx xxx xxx xxx xxx xxx xxx xxx xxx1.6 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.4 1.5 1.4 1.4 1.43.3 3.4 3.5 3.6 3.6 3.4 3.2 2.6 2.7 2.91.5 1.7 1.4 1.6 1.7 1.8 1.6 1.7 1.5 1.4

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1 0.9 0.8 0.8 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.6 0.6 0.6

1.9 1.9 1.9 2 2 2 2 2 2 1.90.7 0.6 0.6 0.8 0.9 1 1.6 1.7 1.7 1.70.5 0.8 1.2 1.1 1.7 1.8 1.7 1.7 1.5 1.40.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.6 0.8 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.6

3 2.2 2.2 1.8 1.9 6.6 2.8 2.5 2.5 2.20.9 0.9 0.8 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.90.9 0.9 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4

xxx xxx xxx xxx xxx xxx xxx xxx xxx xxx1.9 1.8 1.7 1.7 1.6 1.5 1.5 1.6 1.5 1.52.2 2.1 2.2 2.1 1.7 1.7 2.1 2 1.9 1.6

2 2 2 1.9 1.8 1.9 1.9 1.9 1.9 1.9

2.3 2.2 2 1.9 1.9 1.9 2 1.9 2 2.12.5 3 3 2.7 2.5 2.4 2.3 2.1 2 24.1 4.5 3.3 3.4 3.7 4.1 4.4 4.3 3.8 3.7

. . 4.5 4 4.2 5.5 4.3 4.5 3.7 3.1 2.53 2.3 1.8 1.6 1.7 1.9 1.8 1.9 1.7 1.7

1.6 1.4 1.4 1.2 1.1 1.3 1.4 1.4 1.5 1.41.4 1.3 1.3 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.1 1.1 12.2 2.1 2 2 2 1.8 1.7 1.7 1.5 1.51.4 1.3 1.3 1.2 1.1 1.1 1 1 1 0.94.1 4.1 3.3 4 3.7 3.7 3.9 3.4 2.8 2.52.8 2.6 2.5 2.4 2.4 2.4 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.43.3 4.1 3.4 3 3.6 2.9 2.8 2.8 2.6 2.8

xxx xxx xxx xxx xxx xxx xxx xxx xxx xxx

4.7 4.6 4.8 4.9 4 4.2 4.7 4.8 4.3 3.63.5 3.3 3.3 3.2 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.3 3 2.91.9 2.1 2.4 3 3.7 3.9 2.3 2.7 2.9 3.3

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.9 2.68.7 8.5 8.4 8.3 7.8 8.1 9.1 8.6 7.7 7.6

6 6.1 6.3 6.3 6.3 5.9 5.4 6 5.1 4.810.3 8.1 8.8 7.6 7.2 7.7 7.4 6.5 5.8 4.3

5.6 4.3 4 4.8 5.4 5.4 4.7 4.6 4.4 4.412.5 12.5 12.5 11.4 10.8 12.5 12.4 12.2 12.1 11.8

. . . . . . . . . . . . 4.7 4 2.9 2.58.5 11 14.3 11.4 10.6 11.5 9.8 8.7 8.4 8

6 5.9 5.8 5.8 5.5 5.5 5.4 6.3 5.6 5.1. . 8.2 10.2 9 9.4 9.8 8.6 7.9 7.4 5.6

5 5.5 5.7 4.9 4.4 4.8 6 6 4.7 4.3xxx xxx xxx xxx xxx xxx xxx xxx xxx xxxxxx xxx xxx xxx xxx xxx xxx xxx xxx xxx

2006 2007 2008 2009

2.6 2.9 3 3.81 0.9 1.2 . .

3.3 3.2 3.3 3.41.6 1.4 1.4 1.3

4.4 3.4 2.9 4.21 . . 1 . .

2.8 2.7 2.7 31.2 1.3 1.4 1.24.9 4.7 3.8 . .1.4 1.5 1.5 1.60.6 0.6 0.5 0.5

. . 1.1 1.6 1.8

. . 5.5 7.1 6.21.1 1.4 1.1 . .2.4 2 1.4 11.5 1.5 1.5 . .6.4 4.1 3.7 . .

. . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . .1.7 1.3 1.1 11.1 1 . . . .0.4 0.6 . . . .0.6 0.8 0.7 0.7

. . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . .1.6 1.8 1.9 22.5 2.5 1.6 2.80.6 0.5 0.5 0.8

1 1.1 1.1 0.81.2 1.2 . . . .2.2 2.2 2 1.9

3 . . 3.4 3.80.2 0.2 0.2 . .0.8 0.8 0.8 0.92.9 3 3.4 3.7

. . . . 1 . .0.5 0.6 0.8 0.91.8 1.5 1.4 1.41.6 1.7 1.6 1.61.9 1.9 1.2 1.22.1 1.9 2.4 . .

. . . . . . . .1.4 1.3 1.3 1.33.4 . . . . . .

Front page

2 1.9 2.2 3.11.2 1.1 1.1 1.1

. . . . 1.7 . .2 2 2.2 1.8

1.9 1.3 2 1.72.1 . . . . . .

1 1.1 1.4 1.20 0 0 0

. . . . . . . .0.7 0.7 0.7 0.70.6 0.6 0.5 0.70.4 0.4 0.4 0.4

0 0 0 00.7 0.9 1.5 1.50.6 0.7 0.9 0.90.4 0.5 0.5 0.50.7 0.7 0.7 0.7

0 0 0 0. . . . . . . .

1.2 1.2 1.3 1.53.9 4 4.3 4.7

0.9 0.9 0.8 11.7 1.8 2 21.5 1.5 1.5 1.63.5 3.4 3.5 3.53.3 3.3 3.6 3.72.3 2.9 2.8 3.4

. . . . . . . .0.8 0.8 0.8 0.91.3 1.2 1.1 1.41.3 1.2 1.3 1.61.6 1.3 1.4 1.3

1 1.3 1.1 1.23.2 3.4 3.4 3.6

. . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . .

2.6 2.6 2.4 3.11.1 1.1 1.1 1.8

2 2.1 2 2.21.1 1.2 1 0.9

1 0.9 0.9 1. . . . . . . .

2.6 2.6 2.8 2.90.4 0.4 0.3 0.32.1 2.1 2 21.2 1.4 1.2 1

. . . . . . . .0.9 0.9 0.8 0.8

4 3.7 3.9 4.31.9 2 2.2 2.41.1 1.3 1.6 1.92.1 2.5 2.3 2.5

1.6 2.2 1.9 1.81 1 1 1

2.5 2.3 2.5 2.82.2 1.9 1.8 23.3 3 2.8 2.82.8 3.3 3.7 3.5

1.8 1.8 1.8 1.91.7 2.2 1.5 1.71.1 1.1 1.1 1.20.5 0.6 0.4 0.55.2 6.6 5.3 6.8

1.6 1.8 2 2.12.9 3 3.4 4.20.8 0.9 0.9 0.93.4 2.9 3.3 3.41.7 1.6 1.5 1.41.1 1.1 1.2 1.21.3 1.1 1.1 1.32.4 2.6 2.1 21.7 1.7 1.9 1.82.1 1.9 1.8 21.7 1.6 1.4 1.4

xxx xxx xxx xxx1.4 1.3 1.4 1.41.9 2.1 2.2 2.31.4 1.2 1.3 1.52.4 2.3 2.3 2.55.2 9.2 8.5 5.6

xxx xxx xxx xxx1.3 1.3 1.3 1.42.9 2.8 3 3.21.2 1.3 1.2 1.1

. . . . 0 0.10.5 0.5 0.6 0.61.8 1.7 1.8 1.81.8 1.7 1.7 1.41.4 1.4 1.4 1.40.6 0.6 . . . .

2 2.1 1.8 1.70.7 0.7 0.7 0.70.5 0.5 0.6 0.5

2 1.5 1.6 1.31.5 1.5 1.4 1.51.5 1.5 1.4 1.61.9 2 1.7 1.8

2 1.9 1.9 2.11.8 1.5 1.5 1.43.6 3.5 3.5 4.32.4 2.5 2.3 2.31.6 1.5 1.5 1.41.6 1.5 1.5 1.61.2 1.2 1.2 1.11.4 1.4 1.2 1.20.9 0.8 0.8 0.82.5 2.2 2.3 2.72.4 2.3 2.5 2.72.8 2.9 2.7 2.9

xxx xxx xxx xxx

3.4 3.2 3.0 3.72.7 2.5 2.3 2.13.4 2.5 1.8 . .2.7 2.9 5.3 5.47.6 7.1 6.9 6.34.8 6.1 6.3 6.13.6 3.6 3 4.44.5 4.6 3.9 4.111 10.3 7.7 9.7

2.1 2.2 2.3 . .8.3 9.2 8 11.24.4 4.1 3.8 45.1 5 5.5 7.33.6 4.1 3.9 . .

xxx xxx xxx xxxxxx xxx xxx xxx

Brackets indicating uncertain figures and estimates1=round brackets (indicating an unsertain figure); 2=square bracket (indicating a SIPRI estimate)

† Figures for these countries do not include military pensions

‡ Figures for these countries are for current spending only (i.e. exclude capital spending)

§ Figures for these countries are for the adopted budget, rather than actual expenditure

¶ Figures for these countries do not include spending on paramilitary forces

‖ This country changed or redenominated its currency during the period; all current price local currency figures have been converted to the latest currency.

Country 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998AfricaNorth AfricaAlgeria Libya Morocco Tunisia Sub-SaharanAngola Benin Botswana Burkina Faso 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2Burundi Cameroon Cape Verde Central African Rep. Chad Congo Congo, Dem. Rep. Côte d’Ivoire Djibouti 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2Equatorial Guinea Eritrea Ethiopia 2 2Gabon Gambia Ghana Guinea Guinea-Bissau Kenya Lesotho 2 2 2 2 2Liberia Madagascar Malawi Mali 2Mauritania Mauritius Mozambique 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2Namibia Niger Nigeria Rwanda Senegal Seychelles

Sierra Leone 1Somalia South Africa 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2Sudan 2 2 2 2 2Swaziland 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2Tanzania Togo 1Uganda Zambia Zimbabwe

AmericasCentral America and the CaribbeanBelize Costa Rica Cuba Dominican Rep. 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2El Salvador Guatemala Haiti Honduras Jamaica 2 2 2 2 2 2Mexico 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2Nicaragua Panama Trinidad & TobagoNorth AmericaCanada USA South AmericaArgentina 2 2 2 2 2 2Bolivia 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2Brazil 2 2 2 2 2 2 2Chile 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2Colombia 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2Ecuador Guyana 2 2Paraguay 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2Peru 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1Uruguay 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2Venezuela 2 2 2

Asia & OceaniaCentral AsiaKazakhstan 1 1Kyrgyzstan Tajikistan Turkmenistan Uzbekistan 1 1 1 2East AsiaBrunei Cambodia China, P. R. 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2Indonesia 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2Japan Korea, North

Korea, South 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2Laos 1 1 1 1 1 1 1Malaysia Mongolia Myanmar Philippines Singapore Taiwan Thailand 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2Viet Nam South AsiaAfghanistan Bangladesh India Nepal Pakistan Sri Lanka OceaniaAustralia 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2Fiji New Zealand 2 2 2Papua New Guinea Timor Leste

EuropeAlbania 2Armenia Austria 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2Azerbaijan 2 2 2 2 2 2 2Belarus 2 2 2 2 2 2 2Belgium Bosnia-Herzegovina Bulgaria 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2Croatia 2 2 2 2 2 2 2Cyprus 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2Czech Rep. Czechoslovakia Denmark Estonia Finland France Georgia 2 2German DR Germany Greece 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2Hungary 2 2 2 1IcelandIreland 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2Italy Latvia Lithuania 2 2 2Luxembourg Macedonia, FYR Malta Moldova

Montenegro Netherlands Norway Poland Portugal Romania 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2Russia 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2Serbia Slovak Rep. Slovenia 2 2 2Spain Sweden 2 2 2Switzerland 2 2Turkey UK Ukraine 1Yugoslavia (former)

Middle EastBahrain Egypt 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2Iran Iraq Israel Jordan 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2Kuwait Lebanon 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2Oman Qatar Saudi Arabia 2 2Syria 2 2 2 2 2UAE 2 2Yemen 2 2 2 2Yemen, North Yemen, South

1=round brackets (indicating an unsertain figure); 2=square bracket (indicating a SIPRI estimate)

Figures for these countries are for current spending only (i.e. exclude capital spending)

Figures for these countries are for the adopted budget, rather than actual expenditure

Figures for these countries do not include spending on paramilitary forces

This country changed or redenominated its currency during the period; all current price local currency figures have been converted to the latest currency.

1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 Footnote #

123

42 2 2 22 2 2

2 2

52 6

78

2

910

1 11

121314

152 2

2 2 1617

1819

202122

Front page

2 2 2 23

2 2 2 2 224

2 2 2 25

2 2 2

1 1 26

2 2728

2 2 2 2 229

302 2 2 2 2 2 31

2 2 2 2 23233

234

22 2 35

362 37

38

391 402 2

41

242

4344

2 2 22 2 2

2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 452 2 2 2 2 2

46

2 2 2 2 2 2 471 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

48

2 2

2 2 49

50

5152

253

542 55

562 57

2 2 22 2 2 2 2 22 2

582 2 2 2 2 592 2 2 2 2 602 2 2 2 2

6162

63

642 2 2 65

662

2 2 2 22

672 2

2 2 2 2 6869

2 2 2 2 2 70

71

72

73

22 2 2 74

2

2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 7576

2 7778

2 279

2 280

812 2 2

1 821 1 1 1 1 1 1 83

22

2 22 2 2 2

84858687

2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 888990


Other notes

‡ ¶

‖

†

§

‡

§

‖

‡‖

‖

‖

‖

§ ¶

‡

‖

§

†

‖

†

‡ ‖

¶‡

†

‡

§ ¶†

‖

† ¶†

†

†

† ¶

† ‖

† ‖

‖

‖

† ¶‖

§

¶§¶¶

‡

§

† ‖

Footnotes from the SIPRI Yearbook 2011, written primarily for the data covered in it (2001-2010). As the data is comparable over time the footnotes should, by implication, also be valid for the data for 1988-2000.

† Figures for these countries do not include military pensions‡ Figures for these countries are for current spending only (i.e. exclude capital spending)§ Figures for these countries are for the adopted budget, rather than actual expenditure¶ Figures for these countries do not include spending on paramilitary forces‖ This country changed or redenominated its currency during the period; all current price local currency figures have been converted to the latest currency.

Footnote references can be found in the brackets sheet1 The figures for Algeria are budget figures for more recent years. In July 2006 the Algerian government issued supplementary budgets increasing total expenditure by 35 per cent. It is not clear if any of these extra funds were allocated to the military.2 The figures for Libya do not include Development expenditures, which in 2008 amounted to 1,000 million dinar.3 Morocco changed their financial year in 2000. Previously it had operated a July-June financial year, which changed to January-December from 2001. The local currency figure shown for 2000 is the sum of the figure for FY 1999-2000 (5,754m Dirhams) and the figure for a special 6-month financial year from July-December 2000 (8,210m Dirhams).4 It should be noted that the rate of the implementation of the Angolan budget could vary considerably. Military expenditure for Angola should be seen in the context of highly uncertain economic statistics due to the impact of war on the Angolan economy.5 Investment expenditure for CAR for 2005 amounted to 775 000 CFA. francs.6 Chad's military expenditure increased sharply after 2005 due to conflict in the east of the country, with exceptional military expenditure financed by oil revenues. Figures for 2006 are not available, but available information suggests a large increase over 2005, and a smaller increase from 2006 to 2007.7 The figures for the Democratic Republic of Congo do not include profits from extensive military-run mining operations. Until 1997 the DRC was know as Zaire.8 Figures for Côte d'Ivore are for the adopted budget up to 2003.9 Figures for Eritrea in 1995 include expenditure for demobilization.

10 The figure for Ethiopia in 1999 includes an allocation of 1 billion birr in addition to the original defence budget.11 The figures for Gabon exclude off budget spending financed by the Provisions pour Investissements Hydrocarbures (PIH), an investment fund based on tax revenues from foreign oil companies active in Gabon (see International Monetary Fund (IMF), Gabon: Request for Stan-by Arrangement-Staff Report; Staff Statement; Press Relase on the Executive Board Discussion; and Statement by the Executive director for Gabon, Country Report no. 07/174 (IMF: Washington, DC, May 2007), p. 13.12 The figure for Ghana in 2001 is for the adopted budget rather than actual spending.13 The figures for Guinea might be an underestimate as the IMF reports large extra-budgetary spending for the military.14 An armed conflict broke out in Guinea Bissau in 1998, which led to a substantial increase in defence expenditure, especially in 2000/01. According to the IMF, the increase was financed by a credit from the banking system, and by promissory notes. Due to the conflict, no data data is available for 1999 and the consistency before and after this year is uncertain.15 Figures for Madagascar include expenditure for the gendarmerie and the National Police.16 Figures for Mali are for defence and security.17 Figures for Mauritania are for operating expenditures only.18 Figures for Mozambique include expenditure for the demobilization of government and RENAMO soldiers and the formation of a new unified army from 1994 onwards.19 The figures for Namibia for 1999 refer to the budget of the Ministry of Defence only. In addition to this the 1999 budget of the Ministry of Finance includes a contingency provision of N$104 million for the Namibian military presence in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC). The figures for 2002 include a supplementary allocation of N$78.5 million.20 Figures for Nigeria before 1999 are understated because of the use by the military of a favourable specific dollar exchange rate.21 The figures for Rwanda for 1998 are from the official defence budget. According to the IMF there are additional sources of funding for military activities, both within the budget and extra-budgetary. The figures for 2005 and 2006 include allocations for the African Union (AU) peacekeeping missions. Rwanda switched from a January-December to a July-June Fiscal Year from July 2009, in accordance with the East Africa Community guidelines. A bridging 6-month mini-budget was enacted for the first half of 2009.22 Senegal's expenditure for paramilitary forces in 1998 amounted to 21 100 million CFA francs.23 The figures for Sierra Leone in 1998 and 1999 are not available due to the coup d'etat and subsequent civil war. It is not clear whether the data before and after these years are based on the same definition.24 The figures for Sudan are for spending on defence and security.25 The figures for Swaziland for 2008-2010 are estimates based on an estimated share of the Defence, Public Order and Safety budget, and are subject to considerable uncertainty.26 Zimbabwe abandoned the Zimbabwean dollar in April 2009 and now mainly uses the US dollar. Local currency figures for Zimbabwe are given in Zimbabwean dollars up to 2006, and in US$ from 2010. Due to lack of meaningful price data in 2008 due to hyperinflation, it is not possible to provide a single constant price series for Zimbabwe. The constant dollar figures are therefore given in constant 2005 US$ up to 2006, and in constant 2009 US$ for 2010. These two series may NOT be connected. The figures for Zimbabwe in general should be used with caution due to an extreme level of inflation in the country. Zimbabwe changed currencies in 2006 from the Zimbabwean dollar to the new Zimbabwean dollar at the rate of New Z$1= Z$1 000, and figures up to 2006 have been converted to the new currency. The figure in 1999 includes a supplementary allocation of New Z$ 1.8 million.27 Costa Rica has no armed forces. Expenditure for paramilitary forces, border guard, and maritime and air serveillance is less than 0.05% of GDP.28 Figures for Cuba are for Defence & Internal Order. The figures shown in table 5A.3 are for current US$, converted at the official exchange rate for each year, instead of constant price (2008) US$, due to the lack of reliable inflation data for Cuba. Data for military expenditure as a share of GDP are not shown due to the lack of reliable GDP data for Cuba.29 The figures for El Salvador do not include government spending on the Armed Forces Pensions Fund or the Pharmaceutical Centre for the Armed Forces. If included total military spending would, for 2009, amount to $232 million.30 The Haitian defence forces were disbanded in 1994 and replaced by the national police which also has coast guard functions.31 The figures for Honduras do not include arms imports.32 The figures for Nicaragua includes military aid from USA and Taiwan for the years 2002 - 2009 of 12.5, 16.9, 13.6, 11.1, 7.3, 28.8, 12.2 and 11.6 million gold cordobas, respectively.33 The Panamanian defence forces were disbanded in 1990 and replaced by the national guard, consisting of the national police and the air and maritime services.34 All figures for the USA are for financial year (1 Oct. of the previous year-30 Sep. of the stated year) rather than calendar year.35 The figures for Bolivia include some expenditure for civil defence.36 The figures for Chile include direct transfers from the state-owned copper company Corporacion Nacional del Cobre (CODELCO) for military purchases. These transfers increased rapidly between 2005 and 2008 owing to rising copper prices, then fell in 2009, also along with copper prices.37 The figures for Colombia in 2002 – 2007 include special allocations totaling 2.5 billion pesos from a war tax decree of 12 August 2002. Most of these allocations were spent between 2002-2004.38 Ecuador changed its currency from the sucre to the US dollars on 13 March 2000, at a rate of one dollar to 25 000 sucres. The current price figures for each year represent the dollar value of military expenditure at the market exchange rate for that year.39 The figures for Paraguay in 2003 are for the modified budget, rather than actual expenditure. Spending on military pensions is not included and for the years 2007, 2008, 2009 and 2010 amounted to 208, 239.3, 271.7 and 293.9 billion guaranies respectively.40 The figures for Peru before 2000 are based on data from the Peruvian Ministry of Defence and are suspected to come from different stages of the budget process. The figures for Peru in 2005 do not include the transfer of 20% of gas production revenues from state-owned company CAMISEA for the armed forces and national police.41 Figures for Venezuela for the years 1991-1997 and for the most recent year, are for the adopted budget rather than for the actual expenditure. The figures for Venezuela do not include substantial extra-budgetary expenditure on arms imports.42 The figures for Kyrgyzstan include spending on internal security, accounting for a substantial part of total military spending.43 The coverage of the series for Turkmenistan varies over time due to classification changes in the Turkmen system of public accounts.44 The figures for Uzbekistan expressed in constant US dollars should be seen in the light of considerable difference beetwen the official and the unofficial exchange rates.

45 The figures for China are for estimated total military expenditure, including estimates for items not included in the official defence budget. On the estimates in local currency and as share of GDP for the period 1989-98, see Shaoguang Wang, The military expenditure of China, 1989 to 98, SIPRI Yearbook 1999: Armaments, Disarmament and International Security (Oxford University Press: Oxford, 1999), pp. 349. The estimates for the years 1999-2010 are based on: publicly-available figures for official military expenditure and for certain other items; estimates based on official data and Prof. Wang's methodology for others; for the most recent years, where no official data is available for certain items, estimates are based on either the percentage change in official military expenditure, recent trends in spending in the same category, and in the case of the commercial earnings of the Peoples Liberation Army (PLA), on the assumption of a gradual decrease.46 The figures for Japan are for adopted budget before 2004 and from 2009-2010. The figures include the budgeted amount for the Special Action Committee on Okinawa (SACO) and exclude military pensions.47 The figures for South Korea do not include spending on 3 "special funds" for relocation of military installations, relocations of US bases, and Welfare for Troops. These amounted to 449.3 billion and 1048.8 billion Won in 2009 and 2010 respectively.48 The figures for Myanmar(Burma) are not presented in US dollar terms owing to the extreme variation of in stated the exchange rate between the kyat and the US dollar. Stated exchange rates vary from 6.076 to 960 Kyat/US$ (2003).49 The figures for Afghanistan are for core budget expenditure on the Afghan National Army. Military aid from foreign donors, which in 2009 included $4 billion from the USA, 16 times Afghanistan’s domestic military expenditure, is not included.50 The figures for India include expenditure on the paramilitary forces of the Border Security Force, the Central Reserve Police Force, the Assam Rifles, the Indo-Tibetan Border Police and, from 2007 the Sashastra Seema Bal but do not include spending on military nuclear activities.51 Figures for Pakistan are for current expenditure. They do not include spending on paramilitary forces - the Frontier Corps (Civil Armed Forces) and Pakistan Rangers. For 2008, 2009 and 2010, these totaled 16.7, 20.8 and 31.4 billion rupees respectively. Defence spending in the Public Sector Development Plan amounted to 2.3, 5 and 3.9 billion rupees in 2008, 2009 and 2010.52 The figures for Sri Lanka for 2000 do not fully reflect the special allocation of 28 billion rupees for war-related expenditure. The figures for 2009 include a 33 billion rupees supplemental allocation following the end of the civil war.53 For the years 1998–2002 Fiji's spending on military pensions amounted to roughly 3.5 per cent of annual military spending.54 For the years 2008-2010, development expenditure amounted to 6 million, 25.1 million and 0 million kina, respectively.55 The current local currency figure for Timor-Leste for 2007 is for a special 6-month financial year from July-December 2007. Previous financial years, up to 2006-07, are from July-June; subsequent financial years, from 2008, are from January-December. The figures for military expenditure as a share of GDP for Timor-Leste are based on GDP data that excludes oil and gas revenues, which in recent years have been several times higher than Timor-Leste's GDP itself.56 The figures for Albania prior to 2006 do not fully include pensions.57 If the figures for Armenia were to include military pensions they would be 15-20% higher.58 The figures for Bosnia and Herzegovina from 2005 onwards are for the armed forces of Bosnia and Herzegovina, which was formed in 2005 from the Croat-Bosniac army of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina and the Bosnian Serb Army of Republika Srpska. The figures prior to 2005 include expenditure for both the army of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina and the Army of Republika Srpska. Data for Bosnia and Herzegovina does not include spending on arms imports.59 NATO has provided figures for Bulgaria including pensions from 2006-2008: 1393, 1712 and 1749 million Leva for 2006, 2007 and 2008 respectively.60 The figures for Croatia for 2006-10 include sums allocated from central government expenditure for repayments on a loan for a military radar system. The sums allocated were 147.8, 91.4, 53.2, 54.6 and 55.2 million Koruny in 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009 and 2010respectively.61 The figures for the Czech Republic do not include military aid to Afghanistan or Iraq. Aid to Afghanistan was 18.7 million koruny in 2004 and 612.6 million koruny in 2007. Aid to Iraq was 1.1 million koruny in 2005.62 Czechoslovakia was divided into the Czech Republic and the Republic of Slovakia on 1 Jan. 1993. Figures in the table for constant dollars are based on subsequent CPI and exchange rate data for the Czech Republic, and should be interpreted with caution.63 Estonia merged their Border Guard Service with the National Police in 2010, and are no longer classed as a paramilitary force by SIPRI. This accounts for much of the decrease in Estonian military spending in 2010.64 The figures for France from 2006 are calculated with a new methodology due to a change in the French budgetary system and financial law.65 The budget figures for Georgia for 2003 are believed to be an underestimation of actual spending because of the political turmoil during the year.66 The German Democratic Republic (GDR, East Germany) ceased to exist in Oct. 1990 when it was unified with the Federal Republic of Germany (West Germany). The figures for GDR in constant US dollars are based on subsequent price and exchange rate data for the united Germany, and should be interpreted with caution.6768 The figures for Italy include spending on civil defence, which typically amounts to about 4.5% of the total.69 The figures for Latvia do not include allocations for military pensions paid by Russia, which averaged 27 million lats per year over 1996–98.70 Due to a change in the way Lithuania reports spending on paramilitary forces, it is possible that the figures up to 2003 include spending on some forces not included from 2004.71 The definition of military expenditure for FYROM changed from 2006. Border troops were transfered from the Ministry of Defence to the Ministry of Interior Affairs and part of the military pensions, previously entirely excluded, are now included.72 Adding all military items in Moldova's budget, including expenditure on military pensions and paramilitary forces, would give total miltiary expenditure for 2005, 2006 and 2007 of 343, 457 and 530 million lei, respectively.73 Montenegro declared its independence from the State Union of Serbia and Montenegro on 3 June 2006 and was accepted as a member of the United Nations on 28 June 2006.74 The figures for Poland exclude some defence spending in other ministries, and additional domestic defence spending such as the Armed Forces Modernization Fund and some additional Defence R&D. Between 2004 and 2010 these additional sums varied between about 240 million and 640 million Zlotys.75 For the sources and methods of the military expenditure figures for the USSR and Russia, see Cooper, J., 'The military expenditure of the USSR and the Russian Federation, 1987–97', SIPRI Yearbook 1998: Armaments, Disarmament and International Security (Oxford University Press: Oxford, 1998), appendix 6D, pp. 243–59. Up to and including the SIPRI Yearbook 2002, PPP rates were used for Russia for converting local currency figures to constant dollars.76 Montenegro seceded from the State Union of Serbia and Montenegro 3 June 2006. The figures up to 2005 are for the State Union of Serbia and Montenegro (known as the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia until February 2003) and for 2006 onwards for Serbia alone.77 Sweden changed its accounting system in 2001 giving rise to a series break between 2000 and 2001. This break means that the decrease in military expenditure between 2000 and 2001 is overestimated by 1.4 percentage points.78 Figures for Switzerland do not include expenditure on military pensions or paramilitary forces, or spending by cantons and local government. From 1990-2006, military spending by cantons and local government typically amounted to between 5-8% of the central government spending figures.79 From 2001, the UK moved from a cash based accounting system to a resource based system. The figures for the UK from 2001 are based on the "Net Cash Requirement" figures given in the Annual UK Defence Statistics, which are closest to the old cash definition. The Net Cash Requirement definition differ slightly from the cash definition used up to 2000. The effect on the figures for UK military expenditure is unknown.80 Former Yugoslavia including Croatia, Macedonia and Slovenia, has a separate entry up to and including the year 1991. Constant dollar figures are not available due to the lack of reliable economic data for Yugoslavia and its successor states.81 The figures for Bahrain do not include extra budgetary spending on defence procurement.82 The figures for Iran do not include spending on paramilitary forces such as the Islamic Revolutionary Guards Corps (IRGC). No official data for Iran was available for 2009 and 2010, but a media report claimed that the budget for the Ministry of Defence and Army was 64,000 billion rials in 2009 and 90000 billion rials in 2010, while the budget for the IRGC was 48,500 billion rials in 2009 and 58250 billion rials in 2010. SIPRI has been unable to verify this report.83 The figures for Iraq are uncertain due to two main factors: first, they are budget figures that may be subject to revision due to variations in the price of oil; secondly, due to the high rate of inflation.84 Figures for Oman are for current expenditure on defence and national security.85 The figures for Qatar are for Defence & Security.86 The figures for Saudi Arabia are for defence and security.87 The figures for Syria in US dollars have been converted from local currency using the market exchange rate for the base year of 2008 of 1 dollar = 46.5 syrian pounds. Previously, Syria operated an official exchange rate of 1 dollar = 11.225 Syrian pounds, which was used in previous editions of the database. Syria abolished the official rate in 2007, moving to the parallel market rate that had previously operated unofficially.88 The military expenditure of the United Arab Emirates is uncertain and lacking in transparency. The only available source of data is from IMF Staff Country Reports, and IMF Government Finance Statistics. The Country Reports include two lines relating to military expenditure: The "Goods and Services" expenditure of the Defence and Interior Ministries (which does not include military wages, salaries and pensions), and "Abu Dhabi Federal Services", which the reports say are "mainly" defence and security expenditures. The Gvernment Finance Statistics give only the Goods and Services figures. The SIPRI figures are estimated as 80% of the "Abu Dhabi Federal Services" item, plus 100% of the "Goods and services" figures. The latter item is estimated for 2006-10 assuming a constant real value.89 The Republic of Yemen was formed in 1990 from the merger of the Yemen Arab Republic (North Yemen) and the People's Democratic Republic of Yemen (South Yemen).90 North Yemen merged with South Yemen into the Republic of Yemen in 1990. Figures in the table for constant dollars are based on subsequent price and exchange rate data for the united Republic of Yemen, and should be interpreted with caution.

Iceland does not have an army/military and until the establishment of the Icelandic Defence Agency in June 2008 there was not a budget provided for defence affairs

Front page

Footnotes from the SIPRI Yearbook 2011, written primarily for the data covered in it (2001-2010). As the data is comparable over time the footnotes should, by implication, also be valid for the data for 1988-2000.

Figures for these countries are for current spending only (i.e. exclude capital spending)Figures for these countries are for the adopted budget, rather than actual expenditureFigures for these countries do not include spending on paramilitary forcesThis country changed or redenominated its currency during the period; all current price local currency figures have been converted to the latest currency.

The figures for Algeria are budget figures for more recent years. In July 2006 the Algerian government issued supplementary budgets increasing total expenditure by 35 per cent. It is not clear if any of these extra funds were allocated to the military.The figures for Libya do not include Development expenditures, which in 2008 amounted to 1,000 million dinar.Morocco changed their financial year in 2000. Previously it had operated a July-June financial year, which changed to January-December from 2001. The local currency figure shown for 2000 is the sum of the figure for FY 1999-2000 (5,754m Dirhams) and the figure for a special 6-month financial year from July-December 2000 (8,210m Dirhams).It should be noted that the rate of the implementation of the Angolan budget could vary considerably. Military expenditure for Angola should be seen in the context of highly uncertain economic statistics due to the impact of war on the Angolan economy.Investment expenditure for CAR for 2005 amounted to 775 000 CFA. francs.Chad's military expenditure increased sharply after 2005 due to conflict in the east of the country, with exceptional military expenditure financed by oil revenues. Figures for 2006 are not available, but available information suggests a large increase over 2005, and a smaller increase from 2006 to 2007.The figures for the Democratic Republic of Congo do not include profits from extensive military-run mining operations. Until 1997 the DRC was know as Zaire.

The figure for Ethiopia in 1999 includes an allocation of 1 billion birr in addition to the original defence budget.The figures for Gabon exclude off budget spending financed by the Provisions pour Investissements Hydrocarbures (PIH), an investment fund based on tax revenues from foreign oil companies active in Gabon (see International Monetary Fund (IMF), Gabon: Request for Stan-by Arrangement-Staff Report; Staff Statement; Press Relase on the Executive Board Discussion; and Statement by the Executive director for Gabon, Country Report no. 07/174 (IMF: Washington, DC, May 2007), p. 13.The figure for Ghana in 2001 is for the adopted budget rather than actual spending.The figures for Guinea might be an underestimate as the IMF reports large extra-budgetary spending for the military.An armed conflict broke out in Guinea Bissau in 1998, which led to a substantial increase in defence expenditure, especially in 2000/01. According to the IMF, the increase was financed by a credit from the banking system, and by promissory notes. Due to the conflict, no data data is available for 1999 and the consistency before and after this year is uncertain.Figures for Madagascar include expenditure for the gendarmerie and the National Police.

Figures for Mozambique include expenditure for the demobilization of government and RENAMO soldiers and the formation of a new unified army from 1994 onwards.The figures for Namibia for 1999 refer to the budget of the Ministry of Defence only. In addition to this the 1999 budget of the Ministry of Finance includes a contingency provision of N$104 million for the Namibian military presence in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC). The figures for 2002 include a supplementary allocation of N$78.5 million.Figures for Nigeria before 1999 are understated because of the use by the military of a favourable specific dollar exchange rate.The figures for Rwanda for 1998 are from the official defence budget. According to the IMF there are additional sources of funding for military activities, both within the budget and extra-budgetary. The figures for 2005 and 2006 include allocations for the African Union (AU) peacekeeping missions. Rwanda switched from a January-December to a July-June Fiscal Year from July 2009, in accordance with the East Africa Community guidelines. A bridging 6-month mini-budget was enacted for the first half of 2009.Senegal's expenditure for paramilitary forces in 1998 amounted to 21 100 million CFA francs.The figures for Sierra Leone in 1998 and 1999 are not available due to the coup d'etat and subsequent civil war. It is not clear whether the data before and after these years are based on the same definition.

The figures for Swaziland for 2008-2010 are estimates based on an estimated share of the Defence, Public Order and Safety budget, and are subject to considerable uncertainty.Zimbabwe abandoned the Zimbabwean dollar in April 2009 and now mainly uses the US dollar. Local currency figures for Zimbabwe are given in Zimbabwean dollars up to 2006, and in US$ from 2010. Due to lack of meaningful price data in 2008 due to hyperinflation, it is not possible to provide a single constant price series for Zimbabwe. The constant dollar figures are therefore given in constant 2005 US$ up to 2006, and in constant 2009 US$ for 2010. These two series may NOT be connected. The figures for Zimbabwe in general should be used with caution due to an extreme level of inflation in the country. Zimbabwe changed currencies in 2006 from the Zimbabwean dollar to the new Zimbabwean dollar at the rate of New Z$1= Z$1 000, and figures up to 2006 have been converted to the new currency. The figure in 1999 includes a supplementary allocation of New Z$ 1.8 million.Costa Rica has no armed forces. Expenditure for paramilitary forces, border guard, and maritime and air serveillance is less than 0.05% of GDP.Figures for Cuba are for Defence & Internal Order. The figures shown in table 5A.3 are for current US$, converted at the official exchange rate for each year, instead of constant price (2008) US$, due to the lack of reliable inflation data for Cuba. Data for military expenditure as a share of GDP are not shown due to the lack of reliable GDP data for Cuba.The figures for El Salvador do not include government spending on the Armed Forces Pensions Fund or the Pharmaceutical Centre for the Armed Forces. If included total military spending would, for 2009, amount to $232 million.The Haitian defence forces were disbanded in 1994 and replaced by the national police which also has coast guard functions.

The figures for Nicaragua includes military aid from USA and Taiwan for the years 2002 - 2009 of 12.5, 16.9, 13.6, 11.1, 7.3, 28.8, 12.2 and 11.6 million gold cordobas, respectively.The Panamanian defence forces were disbanded in 1990 and replaced by the national guard, consisting of the national police and the air and maritime services.All figures for the USA are for financial year (1 Oct. of the previous year-30 Sep. of the stated year) rather than calendar year.

The figures for Chile include direct transfers from the state-owned copper company Corporacion Nacional del Cobre (CODELCO) for military purchases. These transfers increased rapidly between 2005 and 2008 owing to rising copper prices, then fell in 2009, also along with copper prices.The figures for Colombia in 2002 – 2007 include special allocations totaling 2.5 billion pesos from a war tax decree of 12 August 2002. Most of these allocations were spent between 2002-2004.Ecuador changed its currency from the sucre to the US dollars on 13 March 2000, at a rate of one dollar to 25 000 sucres. The current price figures for each year represent the dollar value of military expenditure at the market exchange rate for that year.The figures for Paraguay in 2003 are for the modified budget, rather than actual expenditure. Spending on military pensions is not included and for the years 2007, 2008, 2009 and 2010 amounted to 208, 239.3, 271.7 and 293.9 billion guaranies respectively.The figures for Peru before 2000 are based on data from the Peruvian Ministry of Defence and are suspected to come from different stages of the budget process. The figures for Peru in 2005 do not include the transfer of 20% of gas production revenues from state-owned company CAMISEA for the armed forces and national police.Figures for Venezuela for the years 1991-1997 and for the most recent year, are for the adopted budget rather than for the actual expenditure. The figures for Venezuela do not include substantial extra-budgetary expenditure on arms imports.The figures for Kyrgyzstan include spending on internal security, accounting for a substantial part of total military spending.The coverage of the series for Turkmenistan varies over time due to classification changes in the Turkmen system of public accounts.The figures for Uzbekistan expressed in constant US dollars should be seen in the light of considerable difference beetwen the official and the unofficial exchange rates.

Front page

The figures for China are for estimated total military expenditure, including estimates for items not included in the official defence budget. On the estimates in local currency and as share of GDP for the period 1989-98, see Shaoguang Wang, The military expenditure of China, 1989 to 98, SIPRI Yearbook 1999: Armaments, Disarmament and International Security (Oxford University Press: Oxford, 1999), pp. 349. The estimates for the years 1999-2010 are based on: publicly-available figures for official military expenditure and for certain other items; estimates based on official data and Prof. Wang's methodology for others; for the most recent years, where no official data is available for certain items, estimates are based on either the percentage change in official military expenditure, recent trends in spending in the same category, and in the case of the commercial earnings of the Peoples Liberation Army (PLA), on the assumption of a gradual decrease.The figures for Japan are for adopted budget before 2004 and from 2009-2010. The figures include the budgeted amount for the Special Action Committee on Okinawa (SACO) and exclude military pensions.The figures for South Korea do not include spending on 3 "special funds" for relocation of military installations, relocations of US bases, and Welfare for Troops. These amounted to 449.3 billion and 1048.8 billion Won in 2009 and 2010 respectively.The figures for Myanmar(Burma) are not presented in US dollar terms owing to the extreme variation of in stated the exchange rate between the kyat and the US dollar. Stated exchange rates vary from 6.076 to 960 Kyat/US$ (2003).The figures for Afghanistan are for core budget expenditure on the Afghan National Army. Military aid from foreign donors, which in 2009 included $4 billion from the USA, 16 times Afghanistan’s domestic military expenditure, is not included.The figures for India include expenditure on the paramilitary forces of the Border Security Force, the Central Reserve Police Force, the Assam Rifles, the Indo-Tibetan Border Police and, from 2007 the Sashastra Seema Bal but do not include spending on military nuclear activities.Figures for Pakistan are for current expenditure. They do not include spending on paramilitary forces - the Frontier Corps (Civil Armed Forces) and Pakistan Rangers. For 2008, 2009 and 2010, these totaled 16.7, 20.8 and 31.4 billion rupees respectively. Defence spending in the Public Sector Development Plan amounted to 2.3, 5 and 3.9 billion rupees in 2008, 2009 and 2010.The figures for Sri Lanka for 2000 do not fully reflect the special allocation of 28 billion rupees for war-related expenditure. The figures for 2009 include a 33 billion rupees supplemental allocation following the end of the civil war.For the years 1998–2002 Fiji's spending on military pensions amounted to roughly 3.5 per cent of annual military spending.For the years 2008-2010, development expenditure amounted to 6 million, 25.1 million and 0 million kina, respectively.The current local currency figure for Timor-Leste for 2007 is for a special 6-month financial year from July-December 2007. Previous financial years, up to 2006-07, are from July-June; subsequent financial years, from 2008, are from January-December. The figures for military expenditure as a share of GDP for Timor-Leste are based on GDP data that excludes oil and gas revenues, which in recent years have been several times higher than Timor-Leste's GDP itself.

If the figures for Armenia were to include military pensions they would be 15-20% higher.The figures for Bosnia and Herzegovina from 2005 onwards are for the armed forces of Bosnia and Herzegovina, which was formed in 2005 from the Croat-Bosniac army of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina and the Bosnian Serb Army of Republika Srpska. The figures prior to 2005 include expenditure for both the army of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina and the Army of Republika Srpska. Data for Bosnia and Herzegovina does not include spending on arms imports.NATO has provided figures for Bulgaria including pensions from 2006-2008: 1393, 1712 and 1749 million Leva for 2006, 2007 and 2008 respectively.The figures for Croatia for 2006-10 include sums allocated from central government expenditure for repayments on a loan for a military radar system. The sums allocated were 147.8, 91.4, 53.2, 54.6 and 55.2 million Koruny in 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009 and 2010respectively.The figures for the Czech Republic do not include military aid to Afghanistan or Iraq. Aid to Afghanistan was 18.7 million koruny in 2004 and 612.6 million koruny in 2007. Aid to Iraq was 1.1 million koruny in 2005.Czechoslovakia was divided into the Czech Republic and the Republic of Slovakia on 1 Jan. 1993. Figures in the table for constant dollars are based on subsequent CPI and exchange rate data for the Czech Republic, and should be interpreted with caution.Estonia merged their Border Guard Service with the National Police in 2010, and are no longer classed as a paramilitary force by SIPRI. This accounts for much of the decrease in Estonian military spending in 2010.The figures for France from 2006 are calculated with a new methodology due to a change in the French budgetary system and financial law.The budget figures for Georgia for 2003 are believed to be an underestimation of actual spending because of the political turmoil during the year.The German Democratic Republic (GDR, East Germany) ceased to exist in Oct. 1990 when it was unified with the Federal Republic of Germany (West Germany). The figures for GDR in constant US dollars are based on subsequent price and exchange rate data for the united Germany, and should be interpreted with caution.

The figures for Italy include spending on civil defence, which typically amounts to about 4.5% of the total.The figures for Latvia do not include allocations for military pensions paid by Russia, which averaged 27 million lats per year over 1996–98.Due to a change in the way Lithuania reports spending on paramilitary forces, it is possible that the figures up to 2003 include spending on some forces not included from 2004.The definition of military expenditure for FYROM changed from 2006. Border troops were transfered from the Ministry of Defence to the Ministry of Interior Affairs and part of the military pensions, previously entirely excluded, are now included.Adding all military items in Moldova's budget, including expenditure on military pensions and paramilitary forces, would give total miltiary expenditure for 2005, 2006 and 2007 of 343, 457 and 530 million lei, respectively.Montenegro declared its independence from the State Union of Serbia and Montenegro on 3 June 2006 and was accepted as a member of the United Nations on 28 June 2006.The figures for Poland exclude some defence spending in other ministries, and additional domestic defence spending such as the Armed Forces Modernization Fund and some additional Defence R&D. Between 2004 and 2010 these additional sums varied between about 240 million and 640 million Zlotys.For the sources and methods of the military expenditure figures for the USSR and Russia, see Cooper, J., 'The military expenditure of the USSR and the Russian Federation, 1987–97', SIPRI Yearbook 1998: Armaments, Disarmament and International Security (Oxford University Press: Oxford, 1998), appendix 6D, pp. 243–59. Up to and including the SIPRI Yearbook 2002, PPP rates were used for Russia for converting local currency figures to constant dollars.Montenegro seceded from the State Union of Serbia and Montenegro 3 June 2006. The figures up to 2005 are for the State Union of Serbia and Montenegro (known as the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia until February 2003) and for 2006 onwards for Serbia alone.Sweden changed its accounting system in 2001 giving rise to a series break between 2000 and 2001. This break means that the decrease in military expenditure between 2000 and 2001 is overestimated by 1.4 percentage points.Figures for Switzerland do not include expenditure on military pensions or paramilitary forces, or spending by cantons and local government. From 1990-2006, military spending by cantons and local government typically amounted to between 5-8% of the central government spending figures.From 2001, the UK moved from a cash based accounting system to a resource based system. The figures for the UK from 2001 are based on the "Net Cash Requirement" figures given in the Annual UK Defence Statistics, which are closest to the old cash definition. The Net Cash Requirement definition differ slightly from the cash definition used up to 2000. The effect on the figures for UK military expenditure is unknown.Former Yugoslavia including Croatia, Macedonia and Slovenia, has a separate entry up to and including the year 1991. Constant dollar figures are not available due to the lack of reliable economic data for Yugoslavia and its successor states.The figures for Bahrain do not include extra budgetary spending on defence procurement.The figures for Iran do not include spending on paramilitary forces such as the Islamic Revolutionary Guards Corps (IRGC). No official data for Iran was available for 2009 and 2010, but a media report claimed that the budget for the Ministry of Defence and Army was 64,000 billion rials in 2009 and 90000 billion rials in 2010, while the budget for the IRGC was 48,500 billion rials in 2009 and 58250 billion rials in 2010. SIPRI has been unable to verify this report.The figures for Iraq are uncertain due to two main factors: first, they are budget figures that may be subject to revision due to variations in the price of oil; secondly, due to the high rate of inflation.Figures for Oman are for current expenditure on defence and national security.

The figures for Syria in US dollars have been converted from local currency using the market exchange rate for the base year of 2008 of 1 dollar = 46.5 syrian pounds. Previously, Syria operated an official exchange rate of 1 dollar = 11.225 Syrian pounds, which was used in previous editions of the database. Syria abolished the official rate in 2007, moving to the parallel market rate that had previously operated unofficially.The military expenditure of the United Arab Emirates is uncertain and lacking in transparency. The only available source of data is from IMF Staff Country Reports, and IMF Government Finance Statistics. The Country Reports include two lines relating to military expenditure: The "Goods and Services" expenditure of the Defence and Interior Ministries (which does not include military wages, salaries and pensions), and "Abu Dhabi Federal Services", which the reports say are "mainly" defence and security expenditures. The Gvernment Finance Statistics give only the Goods and Services figures. The SIPRI figures are estimated as 80% of the "Abu Dhabi Federal Services" item, plus 100% of the "Goods and services" figures. The latter item is estimated for 2006-10 assuming a constant real value.The Republic of Yemen was formed in 1990 from the merger of the Yemen Arab Republic (North Yemen) and the People's Democratic Republic of Yemen (South Yemen).North Yemen merged with South Yemen into the Republic of Yemen in 1990. Figures in the table for constant dollars are based on subsequent price and exchange rate data for the united Republic of Yemen, and should be interpreted with caution.

Iceland does not have an army/military and until the establishment of the Icelandic Defence Agency in June 2008 there was not a budget provided for defence affairs


The figures for Algeria are budget figures for more recent years. In July 2006 the Algerian government issued supplementary budgets increasing total expenditure by 35 per cent. It is not clear if any of these extra funds were allocated to the military.

Morocco changed their financial year in 2000. Previously it had operated a July-June financial year, which changed to January-December from 2001. The local currency figure shown for 2000 is the sum of the figure for FY 1999-2000 (5,754m Dirhams) and the figure for a special 6-month financial year from July-December 2000 (8,210m Dirhams).It should be noted that the rate of the implementation of the Angolan budget could vary considerably. Military expenditure for Angola should be seen in the context of highly uncertain economic statistics due to the impact of war on the Angolan economy.

Chad's military expenditure increased sharply after 2005 due to conflict in the east of the country, with exceptional military expenditure financed by oil revenues. Figures for 2006 are not available, but available information suggests a large increase over 2005, and a smaller increase from 2006 to 2007.The figures for the Democratic Republic of Congo do not include profits from extensive military-run mining operations. Until 1997 the DRC was know as Zaire.

The figures for Gabon exclude off budget spending financed by the Provisions pour Investissements Hydrocarbures (PIH), an investment fund based on tax revenues from foreign oil companies active in Gabon (see International Monetary Fund (IMF), Gabon: Request for Stan-by Arrangement-Staff Report; Staff Statement; Press Relase on the Executive Board Discussion; and Statement by the Executive director for Gabon, Country Report no. 07/174 (IMF: Washington, DC, May 2007), p. 13.

An armed conflict broke out in Guinea Bissau in 1998, which led to a substantial increase in defence expenditure, especially in 2000/01. According to the IMF, the increase was financed by a credit from the banking system, and by promissory notes. Due to the conflict, no data data is available for 1999 and the consistency before and after this year is uncertain.

Figures for Mozambique include expenditure for the demobilization of government and RENAMO soldiers and the formation of a new unified army from 1994 onwards.The figures for Namibia for 1999 refer to the budget of the Ministry of Defence only. In addition to this the 1999 budget of the Ministry of Finance includes a contingency provision of N$104 million for the Namibian military presence in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC). The figures for 2002 include a supplementary allocation of N$78.5 million.

The figures for Rwanda for 1998 are from the official defence budget. According to the IMF there are additional sources of funding for military activities, both within the budget and extra-budgetary. The figures for 2005 and 2006 include allocations for the African Union (AU) peacekeeping missions. Rwanda switched from a January-December to a July-June Fiscal Year from July 2009, in accordance with the East Africa Community guidelines. A bridging 6-month mini-budget was enacted for the first half of 2009.

The figures for Sierra Leone in 1998 and 1999 are not available due to the coup d'etat and subsequent civil war. It is not clear whether the data before and after these years are based on the same definition.

The figures for Swaziland for 2008-2010 are estimates based on an estimated share of the Defence, Public Order and Safety budget, and are subject to considerable uncertainty.Zimbabwe abandoned the Zimbabwean dollar in April 2009 and now mainly uses the US dollar. Local currency figures for Zimbabwe are given in Zimbabwean dollars up to 2006, and in US$ from 2010. Due to lack of meaningful price data in 2008 due to hyperinflation, it is not possible to provide a single constant price series for Zimbabwe. The constant dollar figures are therefore given in constant 2005 US$ up to 2006, and in constant 2009 US$ for 2010. These two series may NOT be connected. The figures for Zimbabwe in general should be used with caution due to an extreme level of inflation in the country. Zimbabwe changed currencies in 2006 from the Zimbabwean dollar to the new Zimbabwean dollar at the rate of New Z$1= Z$1 000, and figures up to 2006 have been converted to the new currency. The figure in 1999 includes a supplementary allocation of New Z$ 1.8 million.

Figures for Cuba are for Defence & Internal Order. The figures shown in table 5A.3 are for current US$, converted at the official exchange rate for each year, instead of constant price (2008) US$, due to the lack of reliable inflation data for Cuba. Data for military expenditure as a share of GDP are not shown due to the lack of reliable GDP data for Cuba.The figures for El Salvador do not include government spending on the Armed Forces Pensions Fund or the Pharmaceutical Centre for the Armed Forces. If included total military spending would, for 2009, amount to $232 million.

The figures for Nicaragua includes military aid from USA and Taiwan for the years 2002 - 2009 of 12.5, 16.9, 13.6, 11.1, 7.3, 28.8, 12.2 and 11.6 million gold cordobas, respectively.The Panamanian defence forces were disbanded in 1990 and replaced by the national guard, consisting of the national police and the air and maritime services.

The figures for Chile include direct transfers from the state-owned copper company Corporacion Nacional del Cobre (CODELCO) for military purchases. These transfers increased rapidly between 2005 and 2008 owing to rising copper prices, then fell in 2009, also along with copper prices.The figures for Colombia in 2002 – 2007 include special allocations totaling 2.5 billion pesos from a war tax decree of 12 August 2002. Most of these allocations were spent between 2002-2004.Ecuador changed its currency from the sucre to the US dollars on 13 March 2000, at a rate of one dollar to 25 000 sucres. The current price figures for each year represent the dollar value of military expenditure at the market exchange rate for that year.The figures for Paraguay in 2003 are for the modified budget, rather than actual expenditure. Spending on military pensions is not included and for the years 2007, 2008, 2009 and 2010 amounted to 208, 239.3, 271.7 and 293.9 billion guaranies respectively.The figures for Peru before 2000 are based on data from the Peruvian Ministry of Defence and are suspected to come from different stages of the budget process. The figures for Peru in 2005 do not include the transfer of 20% of gas production revenues from state-owned company CAMISEA for the armed forces and national police.Figures for Venezuela for the years 1991-1997 and for the most recent year, are for the adopted budget rather than for the actual expenditure. The figures for Venezuela do not include substantial extra-budgetary expenditure on arms imports.

The figures for Uzbekistan expressed in constant US dollars should be seen in the light of considerable difference beetwen the official and the unofficial exchange rates.

The figures for China are for estimated total military expenditure, including estimates for items not included in the official defence budget. On the estimates in local currency and as share of GDP for the period 1989-98, see Shaoguang Wang, The military expenditure of China, 1989 to 98, SIPRI Yearbook 1999: Armaments, Disarmament and International Security (Oxford University Press: Oxford, 1999), pp. 349. The estimates for the years 1999-2010 are based on: publicly-available figures for official military expenditure and for certain other items; estimates based on official data and Prof. Wang's methodology for others; for the most recent years, where no official data is available for certain items, estimates are based on either the percentage change in official military expenditure, recent trends in spending in the same category, and in the case of the commercial earnings of the Peoples Liberation Army (PLA), on the assumption of a gradual decrease.The figures for Japan are for adopted budget before 2004 and from 2009-2010. The figures include the budgeted amount for the Special Action Committee on Okinawa (SACO) and exclude military pensions.The figures for South Korea do not include spending on 3 "special funds" for relocation of military installations, relocations of US bases, and Welfare for Troops. These amounted to 449.3 billion and 1048.8 billion Won in 2009 and 2010 respectively.The figures for Myanmar(Burma) are not presented in US dollar terms owing to the extreme variation of in stated the exchange rate between the kyat and the US dollar. Stated exchange rates vary from 6.076 to 960 Kyat/US$ (2003).The figures for Afghanistan are for core budget expenditure on the Afghan National Army. Military aid from foreign donors, which in 2009 included $4 billion from the USA, 16 times Afghanistan’s domestic military expenditure, is not included.The figures for India include expenditure on the paramilitary forces of the Border Security Force, the Central Reserve Police Force, the Assam Rifles, the Indo-Tibetan Border Police and, from 2007 the Sashastra Seema Bal but do not include spending on military nuclear activities.Figures for Pakistan are for current expenditure. They do not include spending on paramilitary forces - the Frontier Corps (Civil Armed Forces) and Pakistan Rangers. For 2008, 2009 and 2010, these totaled 16.7, 20.8 and 31.4 billion rupees respectively. Defence spending in the Public Sector Development Plan amounted to 2.3, 5 and 3.9 billion rupees in 2008, 2009 and 2010.The figures for Sri Lanka for 2000 do not fully reflect the special allocation of 28 billion rupees for war-related expenditure. The figures for 2009 include a 33 billion rupees supplemental allocation following the end of the civil war.

The current local currency figure for Timor-Leste for 2007 is for a special 6-month financial year from July-December 2007. Previous financial years, up to 2006-07, are from July-June; subsequent financial years, from 2008, are from January-December. The figures for military expenditure as a share of GDP for Timor-Leste are based on GDP data that excludes oil and gas revenues, which in recent years have been several times higher than Timor-Leste's GDP itself.

The figures for Bosnia and Herzegovina from 2005 onwards are for the armed forces of Bosnia and Herzegovina, which was formed in 2005 from the Croat-Bosniac army of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina and the Bosnian Serb Army of Republika Srpska. The figures prior to 2005 include expenditure for both the army of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina and the Army of Republika Srpska. Data for Bosnia and Herzegovina does not include spending on arms imports.

The figures for Croatia for 2006-10 include sums allocated from central government expenditure for repayments on a loan for a military radar system. The sums allocated were 147.8, 91.4, 53.2, 54.6 and 55.2 million Koruny in 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009 and 2010respectively.The figures for the Czech Republic do not include military aid to Afghanistan or Iraq. Aid to Afghanistan was 18.7 million koruny in 2004 and 612.6 million koruny in 2007. Aid to Iraq was 1.1 million koruny in 2005.Czechoslovakia was divided into the Czech Republic and the Republic of Slovakia on 1 Jan. 1993. Figures in the table for constant dollars are based on subsequent CPI and exchange rate data for the Czech Republic, and should be interpreted with caution.Estonia merged their Border Guard Service with the National Police in 2010, and are no longer classed as a paramilitary force by SIPRI. This accounts for much of the decrease in Estonian military spending in 2010.

The German Democratic Republic (GDR, East Germany) ceased to exist in Oct. 1990 when it was unified with the Federal Republic of Germany (West Germany). The figures for GDR in constant US dollars are based on subsequent price and exchange rate data for the united Germany, and should be interpreted with caution.

Due to a change in the way Lithuania reports spending on paramilitary forces, it is possible that the figures up to 2003 include spending on some forces not included from 2004.The definition of military expenditure for FYROM changed from 2006. Border troops were transfered from the Ministry of Defence to the Ministry of Interior Affairs and part of the military pensions, previously entirely excluded, are now included.Adding all military items in Moldova's budget, including expenditure on military pensions and paramilitary forces, would give total miltiary expenditure for 2005, 2006 and 2007 of 343, 457 and 530 million lei, respectively.Montenegro declared its independence from the State Union of Serbia and Montenegro on 3 June 2006 and was accepted as a member of the United Nations on 28 June 2006.The figures for Poland exclude some defence spending in other ministries, and additional domestic defence spending such as the Armed Forces Modernization Fund and some additional Defence R&D. Between 2004 and 2010 these additional sums varied between about 240 million and 640 million Zlotys.For the sources and methods of the military expenditure figures for the USSR and Russia, see Cooper, J., 'The military expenditure of the USSR and the Russian Federation, 1987–97', SIPRI Yearbook 1998: Armaments, Disarmament and International Security (Oxford University Press: Oxford, 1998), appendix 6D, pp. 243–59. Up to and including the SIPRI Yearbook 2002, PPP rates were used for Russia for converting local currency figures to constant dollars.Montenegro seceded from the State Union of Serbia and Montenegro 3 June 2006. The figures up to 2005 are for the State Union of Serbia and Montenegro (known as the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia until February 2003) and for 2006 onwards for Serbia alone.Sweden changed its accounting system in 2001 giving rise to a series break between 2000 and 2001. This break means that the decrease in military expenditure between 2000 and 2001 is overestimated by 1.4 percentage points.Figures for Switzerland do not include expenditure on military pensions or paramilitary forces, or spending by cantons and local government. From 1990-2006, military spending by cantons and local government typically amounted to between 5-8% of the central government spending figures.From 2001, the UK moved from a cash based accounting system to a resource based system. The figures for the UK from 2001 are based on the "Net Cash Requirement" figures given in the Annual UK Defence Statistics, which are closest to the old cash definition. The Net Cash Requirement definition differ slightly from the cash definition used up to 2000. The effect on the figures for UK military expenditure is unknown.Former Yugoslavia including Croatia, Macedonia and Slovenia, has a separate entry up to and including the year 1991. Constant dollar figures are not available due to the lack of reliable economic data for Yugoslavia and its successor states.

The figures for Iran do not include spending on paramilitary forces such as the Islamic Revolutionary Guards Corps (IRGC). No official data for Iran was available for 2009 and 2010, but a media report claimed that the budget for the Ministry of Defence and Army was 64,000 billion rials in 2009 and 90000 billion rials in 2010, while the budget for the IRGC was 48,500 billion rials in 2009 and 58250 billion rials in 2010. SIPRI has been unable to verify this report.The figures for Iraq are uncertain due to two main factors: first, they are budget figures that may be subject to revision due to variations in the price of oil; secondly, due to the high rate of inflation.

The figures for Syria in US dollars have been converted from local currency using the market exchange rate for the base year of 2008 of 1 dollar = 46.5 syrian pounds. Previously, Syria operated an official exchange rate of 1 dollar = 11.225 Syrian pounds, which was used in previous editions of the database. Syria abolished the official rate in 2007, moving to the parallel market rate that had previously operated unofficially.The military expenditure of the United Arab Emirates is uncertain and lacking in transparency. The only available source of data is from IMF Staff Country Reports, and IMF Government Finance Statistics. The Country Reports include two lines relating to military expenditure: The "Goods and Services" expenditure of the Defence and Interior Ministries (which does not include military wages, salaries and pensions), and "Abu Dhabi Federal Services", which the reports say are "mainly" defence and security expenditures. The Gvernment Finance Statistics give only the Goods and Services figures. The SIPRI figures are estimated as 80% of the "Abu Dhabi Federal Services" item, plus 100% of the "Goods and services" figures. The latter item is estimated for 2006-10 assuming a constant real value.The Republic of Yemen was formed in 1990 from the merger of the Yemen Arab Republic (North Yemen) and the People's Democratic Republic of Yemen (South Yemen).North Yemen merged with South Yemen into the Republic of Yemen in 1990. Figures in the table for constant dollars are based on subsequent price and exchange rate data for the united Republic of Yemen, and should be interpreted with caution.

Iceland does not have an army/military and until the establishment of the Icelandic Defence Agency in June 2008 there was not a budget provided for defence affairs/military affairs. The Icelandic Defence Agency is responsible for maintaining defence installations such as the Icelandic Air Defence System, intelligence gathering and military exercises.”

The figures for Algeria are budget figures for more recent years. In July 2006 the Algerian government issued supplementary budgets increasing total expenditure by 35 per cent. It is not clear if any of these extra funds were allocated to the military.

Morocco changed their financial year in 2000. Previously it had operated a July-June financial year, which changed to January-December from 2001. The local currency figure shown for 2000 is the sum of the figure for FY 1999-2000 (5,754m Dirhams) and the figure for a special 6-month financial year from July-December 2000 (8,210m Dirhams).It should be noted that the rate of the implementation of the Angolan budget could vary considerably. Military expenditure for Angola should be seen in the context of highly uncertain economic statistics due to the impact of war on the Angolan economy.

Chad's military expenditure increased sharply after 2005 due to conflict in the east of the country, with exceptional military expenditure financed by oil revenues. Figures for 2006 are not available, but available information suggests a large increase over 2005, and a smaller increase from 2006 to 2007.



The figures for Namibia for 1999 refer to the budget of the Ministry of Defence only. In addition to this the 1999 budget of the Ministry of Finance includes a contingency provision of N$104 million for the Namibian military presence in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC). The figures for 2002 include a supplementary allocation of N$78.5 million.


Zimbabwe abandoned the Zimbabwean dollar in April 2009 and now mainly uses the US dollar. Local currency figures for Zimbabwe are given in Zimbabwean dollars up to 2006, and in US$ from 2010. Due to lack of meaningful price data in 2008 due to hyperinflation, it is not possible to provide a single constant price series for Zimbabwe. The constant dollar figures are therefore given in constant 2005 US$ up to 2006, and in constant 2009 US$ for 2010. These two series may NOT be connected. The figures for Zimbabwe in general should be used with caution due to an extreme level of inflation in the country. Zimbabwe changed currencies in 2006 from the Zimbabwean dollar to the new Zimbabwean dollar at the rate of New Z$1= Z$1 000, and figures up to 2006 have been converted to the new currency. The figure in 1999 includes a supplementary allocation of New Z$ 1.8 million.

Figures for Cuba are for Defence & Internal Order. The figures shown in table 5A.3 are for current US$, converted at the official exchange rate for each year, instead of constant price (2008) US$, due to the lack of reliable inflation data for Cuba. Data for military expenditure as a share of GDP are not shown due to the lack of reliable GDP data for Cuba.

The figures for Chile include direct transfers from the state-owned copper company Corporacion Nacional del Cobre (CODELCO) for military purchases. These transfers increased rapidly between 2005 and 2008 owing to rising copper prices, then fell in 2009, also along with copper prices.

Ecuador changed its currency from the sucre to the US dollars on 13 March 2000, at a rate of one dollar to 25 000 sucres. The current price figures for each year represent the dollar value of military expenditure at the market exchange rate for that year.The figures for Paraguay in 2003 are for the modified budget, rather than actual expenditure. Spending on military pensions is not included and for the years 2007, 2008, 2009 and 2010 amounted to 208, 239.3, 271.7 and 293.9 billion guaranies respectively.The figures for Peru before 2000 are based on data from the Peruvian Ministry of Defence and are suspected to come from different stages of the budget process. The figures for Peru in 2005 do not include the transfer of 20% of gas production revenues from state-owned company CAMISEA for the armed forces and national police.Figures for Venezuela for the years 1991-1997 and for the most recent year, are for the adopted budget rather than for the actual expenditure. The figures for Venezuela do not include substantial extra-budgetary expenditure on arms imports.

The figures for China are for estimated total military expenditure, including estimates for items not included in the official defence budget. On the estimates in local currency and as share of GDP for the period 1989-98, see Shaoguang Wang, The military expenditure of China, 1989 to 98, SIPRI Yearbook 1999: Armaments, Disarmament and International Security (Oxford University Press: Oxford, 1999), pp. 349. The estimates for the years 1999-2010 are based on: publicly-available figures for official military expenditure and for certain other items; estimates based on official data and Prof. Wang's methodology for others; for the most recent years, where no official data is available for certain items, estimates are based on either the percentage change in official military expenditure, recent trends in spending in the same category, and in the case of the commercial earnings of the Peoples Liberation Army (PLA), on the assumption of a gradual decrease.

The figures for South Korea do not include spending on 3 "special funds" for relocation of military installations, relocations of US bases, and Welfare for Troops. These amounted to 449.3 billion and 1048.8 billion Won in 2009 and 2010 respectively.

The figures for Afghanistan are for core budget expenditure on the Afghan National Army. Military aid from foreign donors, which in 2009 included $4 billion from the USA, 16 times Afghanistan’s domestic military expenditure, is not included.The figures for India include expenditure on the paramilitary forces of the Border Security Force, the Central Reserve Police Force, the Assam Rifles, the Indo-Tibetan Border Police and, from 2007 the Sashastra Seema Bal but do not include spending on military nuclear activities.Figures for Pakistan are for current expenditure. They do not include spending on paramilitary forces - the Frontier Corps (Civil Armed Forces) and Pakistan Rangers. For 2008, 2009 and 2010, these totaled 16.7, 20.8 and 31.4 billion rupees respectively. Defence spending in the Public Sector Development Plan amounted to 2.3, 5 and 3.9 billion rupees in 2008, 2009 and 2010.



The figures for Croatia for 2006-10 include sums allocated from central government expenditure for repayments on a loan for a military radar system. The sums allocated were 147.8, 91.4, 53.2, 54.6 and 55.2 million Koruny in 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009 and 2010respectively.

Czechoslovakia was divided into the Czech Republic and the Republic of Slovakia on 1 Jan. 1993. Figures in the table for constant dollars are based on subsequent CPI and exchange rate data for the Czech Republic, and should be interpreted with caution.


The definition of military expenditure for FYROM changed from 2006. Border troops were transfered from the Ministry of Defence to the Ministry of Interior Affairs and part of the military pensions, previously entirely excluded, are now included.

The figures for Poland exclude some defence spending in other ministries, and additional domestic defence spending such as the Armed Forces Modernization Fund and some additional Defence R&D. Between 2004 and 2010 these additional sums varied between about 240 million and 640 million Zlotys.For the sources and methods of the military expenditure figures for the USSR and Russia, see Cooper, J., 'The military expenditure of the USSR and the Russian Federation, 1987–97', SIPRI Yearbook 1998: Armaments, Disarmament and International Security (Oxford University Press: Oxford, 1998), appendix 6D, pp. 243–59. Up to and including the SIPRI Yearbook 2002, PPP rates were used for Russia for converting local currency figures to constant dollars.Montenegro seceded from the State Union of Serbia and Montenegro 3 June 2006. The figures up to 2005 are for the State Union of Serbia and Montenegro (known as the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia until February 2003) and for 2006 onwards for Serbia alone.

Figures for Switzerland do not include expenditure on military pensions or paramilitary forces, or spending by cantons and local government. From 1990-2006, military spending by cantons and local government typically amounted to between 5-8% of the central government spending figures.From 2001, the UK moved from a cash based accounting system to a resource based system. The figures for the UK from 2001 are based on the "Net Cash Requirement" figures given in the Annual UK Defence Statistics, which are closest to the old cash definition. The Net Cash Requirement definition differ slightly from the cash definition used up to 2000. The effect on the figures for UK military expenditure is unknown.Former Yugoslavia including Croatia, Macedonia and Slovenia, has a separate entry up to and including the year 1991. Constant dollar figures are not available due to the lack of reliable economic data for Yugoslavia and its successor states.

The figures for Iran do not include spending on paramilitary forces such as the Islamic Revolutionary Guards Corps (IRGC). No official data for Iran was available for 2009 and 2010, but a media report claimed that the budget for the Ministry of Defence and Army was 64,000 billion rials in 2009 and 90000 billion rials in 2010, while the budget for the IRGC was 48,500 billion rials in 2009 and 58250 billion rials in 2010. SIPRI has been unable to verify this report.

The figures for Syria in US dollars have been converted from local currency using the market exchange rate for the base year of 2008 of 1 dollar = 46.5 syrian pounds. Previously, Syria operated an official exchange rate of 1 dollar = 11.225 Syrian pounds, which was used in previous editions of the database. Syria abolished the official rate in 2007, moving to the parallel market rate that had previously operated unofficially.The military expenditure of the United Arab Emirates is uncertain and lacking in transparency. The only available source of data is from IMF Staff Country Reports, and IMF Government Finance Statistics. The Country Reports include two lines relating to military expenditure: The "Goods and Services" expenditure of the Defence and Interior Ministries (which does not include military wages, salaries and pensions), and "Abu Dhabi Federal Services", which the reports say are "mainly" defence and security expenditures. The Gvernment Finance Statistics give only the Goods and Services figures. The SIPRI figures are estimated as 80% of the "Abu Dhabi Federal Services" item, plus 100% of the "Goods and services" figures. The latter item is estimated for 2006-10 assuming a constant real value.

North Yemen merged with South Yemen into the Republic of Yemen in 1990. Figures in the table for constant dollars are based on subsequent price and exchange rate data for the united Republic of Yemen, and should be interpreted with caution.

military affairs. The Icelandic Defence Agency is responsible for maintaining defence installations such as the Icelandic Air Defence System, intelligence gathering and military exercises.”

Morocco changed their financial year in 2000. Previously it had operated a July-June financial year, which changed to January-December from 2001. The local currency figure shown for 2000 is the sum of the figure for FY 1999-2000 (5,754m Dirhams) and the figure for a special 6-month financial year from July-December 2000 (8,210m Dirhams).



The figures for Namibia for 1999 refer to the budget of the Ministry of Defence only. In addition to this the 1999 budget of the Ministry of Finance includes a contingency provision of N$104 million for the Namibian military presence in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC). The figures for 2002 include a supplementary allocation of N$78.5 million.



Figures for Cuba are for Defence & Internal Order. The figures shown in table 5A.3 are for current US$, converted at the official exchange rate for each year, instead of constant price (2008) US$, due to the lack of reliable inflation data for Cuba. Data for military expenditure as a share of GDP are not shown due to the lack of reliable GDP data for Cuba.

The figures for Peru before 2000 are based on data from the Peruvian Ministry of Defence and are suspected to come from different stages of the budget process. The figures for Peru in 2005 do not include the transfer of 20% of gas production revenues from state-owned company CAMISEA for the armed forces and national police.


Figures for Pakistan are for current expenditure. They do not include spending on paramilitary forces - the Frontier Corps (Civil Armed Forces) and Pakistan Rangers. For 2008, 2009 and 2010, these totaled 16.7, 20.8 and 31.4 billion rupees respectively. Defence spending in the Public Sector Development Plan amounted to 2.3, 5 and 3.9 billion rupees in 2008, 2009 and 2010.




For the sources and methods of the military expenditure figures for the USSR and Russia, see Cooper, J., 'The military expenditure of the USSR and the Russian Federation, 1987–97', SIPRI Yearbook 1998: Armaments, Disarmament and International Security (Oxford University Press: Oxford, 1998), appendix 6D, pp. 243–59. Up to and including the SIPRI Yearbook 2002, PPP rates were used for Russia for converting local currency figures to constant dollars.

From 2001, the UK moved from a cash based accounting system to a resource based system. The figures for the UK from 2001 are based on the "Net Cash Requirement" figures given in the Annual UK Defence Statistics, which are closest to the old cash definition. The Net Cash Requirement definition differ slightly from the cash definition used up to 2000. The effect on the figures for UK military expenditure is unknown.



military affairs. The Icelandic Defence Agency is responsible for maintaining defence installations such as the Icelandic Air Defence System, intelligence gathering and military exercises.”







For the sources and methods of the military expenditure figures for the USSR and Russia, see Cooper, J., 'The military expenditure of the USSR and the Russian Federation, 1987–97', SIPRI Yearbook 1998: Armaments, Disarmament and International Security (Oxford University Press: Oxford, 1998), appendix 6D, pp. 243–59. Up to and including the SIPRI Yearbook 2002, PPP rates were used for Russia for converting local currency figures to constant dollars.

From 2001, the UK moved from a cash based accounting system to a resource based system. The figures for the UK from 2001 are based on the "Net Cash Requirement" figures given in the Annual UK Defence Statistics, which are closest to the old cash definition. The Net Cash Requirement definition differ slightly from the cash definition used up to 2000. The effect on the figures for UK military expenditure is unknown.







The military expenditure of the United Arab Emirates is uncertain and lacking in transparency. The only available source of data is from IMF Staff Country Reports, and IMF Government Finance Statistics. The Country Reports include two lines relating to military expenditure: The "Goods and Services" expenditure of the Defence and Interior Ministries (which does not include military wages, salaries and pensions), and "Abu Dhabi Federal Services", which the reports say are "mainly" defence and security expenditures. The Gvernment Finance Statistics give only the Goods and Services figures. The SIPRI figures are estimated as 80% of the "Abu Dhabi Federal Services" item, plus 100% of the "Goods and services" figures. The latter item is estimated for 2006-10 assuming a constant real value.













Copy of SIPRI+Milex+Data+1988-2010

Documents

net cash requirement

indonesia

brunei cambodia

insufficient

market exchange

icelandic

oxford university

chad congo