Copy of Final Report Format2

8/6/2019 Copy of Final Report Format2

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INTRODUCTION

1.1 INTRODUCTION

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In our daily life, we come across numerous accidents in our roads which

results in countless casualties and even death of many. We live in a nation where road

accident has been turned to be an obligation in the day-to-day traffic life. Humanfactors in vehicle collisions include all factors related to drivers and other road users

that may contribute to a collision. Examples include driver behavior, visual and

auditory acuity, decision-making ability, and reaction speed.

But in many of these cases, the soul reason for the accident to take place

continues to be a mystery, or the reason behind the accident may be interpreted and

concluded wrongly. It would be a remarkable achievement in this field, if we could

find an alternative, to get to the actual soul reasons for the cause of an accident rather

than by attempting to come into a conclusion from on field tests and studying, which

may result in a waste of lots of time, and might end up in giving insufficient or no

result at all.

As already mentioned, the alarming rate of the road accidents all over the

world is a serious cause of worry. This reasoning which helps us to learn about the

actual causes of accidents could help us to decrease it marginally. These causes could

be studied and analyzed and then finally needed steps could be undertaken, so as to

decrease or even eliminate the chances of them to occur again, like by enforcing new

traffic rules, by adding additional safety measures to the vehicles etc.

In this venture of ours, THE BLACK BOX we implement different units to

facilitate this procedure of reasoning a cause of traffic accidents, like sensors to check

different parameters such as speed of the vehicle, alcohol consumption of the driver

and the temperature of the engine. What we aim to implement here is designing of a

device which keeps track of the conditions of the vehicle.

LEARNING ABOUT THE CAUSE OF AN ACCIDENT MAY NOT BRING BACK

THE PRECIOUS LIVES OF THE PEOPLE WHOM WE LOST, BUT IT COULD

AID US IN SAVING LIVES OF MANY MORE PEOPLE.

1.2 OBJECTIVE

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The soul objective of our project could be summarised as an effort to create an

automobile black box which aims at recording the activities of the automobile thus

aiding in creation of an easier mechanism to find the actual cause of accidents. It couldbe a remarkable step in the field of traffic engineering as it could help in knowing the

causes of an accident and thus aid in largely decreasing the same.

The components of an automobile black box could be short listed as a PIC

microcontroller, a collision sensor, a temperature sensor, a speed sensor and finally a

LCD display. PIC is a 16-bit microcontroller that controls and interfaces all the

devices required for its working; a collision sensor is a switch which senses the

occurrence of a collision to the vehicle; temperature sensor is an IC-LM 35 to sense

the temperature of the engine; speed sensor may aid to govern the speed of the vehicle;

alcohol sensor inquires the presence of alcohol consumption of the driver using and

the LCD screen displays the required result on its screen. We pre program the PIC

microcontroller [16F877A] using Embedded C.

This venture could be of great help in this field as it could lead and help to

decrease the possibility of occurring accidents thus making its application sound inevery corner of this world. This could be easily incorporated and made to work with

comparatively less cost and could be easily improvised with additional features

without much effort.

1.3 BLOCK DIAGRAM

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Fig (1) : Block diagram of Black Box

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Microcontroller

Temperature

sensor

Speed

sensor

Alcoholsensor

Amplifier

LCD

Alcohol


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SYSTEM DESIGN

2.1 BLOCK DIAGRAM DESCRIPTION:

TEMPERATURE SENSOR:

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The temperature sensor senses the temperature of the vehicle while it is in

motion. The temperature sensor used here is LM35. The LM35 series are precision

integrated-circuit temperature sensors, whose output voltage is linearly proportional tothe Celsius (Centigrade) temperature. The LM35 thus has an advantage over linear

temperature sensors calibrated in Kelvin, as the user is not required to subtract a large

constant voltage from its output to obtain convenient Centigrade scaling. The LM35

does not require any external calibration or trimming to provide typical accuracies of

14C at room temperature and 34C over a full 55 to +150C temperature range.

Low cost is assured by trimming and calibration at the wafer level. The LM35s low

output impedance, linear output, and precise inherent calibration make interfacing to

readout or control circuitry especially easy. It can be used with single power supplies,

or with plus and minus supplies. The LM35 is rated to operate over a 55 to +150C

temperature range, while the LM35C is rated for a 40 to +110C range (10 with

improved accuracy).

Features

Calibrated directly in Celsius (Centigrade)

Linear + 10.0 mV/C scale factor

0.5C accuracy guaranteeable (at +25C)

Rated for full 55 to +150C range

Suitable for remote applications

Low cost due to wafer-level trimming

Operates from 4 to 30 volts

Less than 60 A current drain

Low self-heating, 0.08C in still air

Nonlinearity only 14C typical

Low impedance output, 0.1 W for 1 mA load

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ALCOHOL SENSOR:

The alcohol sensor senses whether the driver has consumed alcohol or not. The

sensor used here is MQ3. This alcohol sensor is suitable for detecting alcohol

concentration on your breath, just like the common breathalyzer. It has high sensitivity

to alcohol and fast response time. Sensor provides an analog resistive output based on

alcohol concentration. The drive circuit is very simple; all it needs is one resistor. A

simple interface could be a 0-3.3V ADC.

Features:

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Requires heater voltage

Operation Temperature: -10 to 70 degrees C

Heater consumption: less than 750mW

Dimensions:

16.8mm diameter

9.3 mm height without the pins

SPEED SENSOR

The speed sensor determines the speed of the vehicle. The speed at the instant when

the collision took place is displayed on the LCD display. The speed sensor consists of

a propeller fan and a dc generator.

LCD DISPLAY

The LCD display displays the values of the speed and temperature when a collision is

sensed. It also displays whether the driver has consumed alcohol and the levels of

consumption like Low, Medium and High. The LCD display used here is 16X2

LCD display. This is a high quality 16 character by 2 line intelligent display module,

with back lighting, Works with almost any microcontroller.

Features

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16 Characters x 2 Lines

5x7 Dot Matrix Character + Cursor

HD44780 Equivalent LCD Controller/driver Built-In 4-bit or 8-bit MPU Interface

Standard Type

Works with almost any Microcontroller

Great Value Pricing

The pin outs are as follows:

1. Ground

2. VCC (+3.3 to +5V)

3. Contrast adjustment (VO)

4. Register Select (RS). RS=0: Command, RS=1: Data

5. Read/Write (R/W). R/W=0: Write, R/W=1: Read

6. Clock (Enable). Falling edge triggered

7. Bit 0 (Not used in 4-bit operation)




11. Bit 4

12. Bit 5

13. Bit 6

14. Bit 7

15. Backlight Anode (+)

16. Backlight Cathode (-)

2.2 WORKING

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The black box consists of the temperature, speed and alcohol sensors, a

microcontroller and an LCD display. Here PIC16F877A microcontroller controls the

entire operation of this system. PIC is Peripheral Interface Controller, which is a 40pin DIP IC. It works at a voltage of 4.5-5V. The clock required is applied to pins 13

and 14 using crystal oscillator. It has 5 ports, namely A, B, C, D and E where A is 16

bit, E is 3bits and ports B through D are of 8bits each.

The collision of the vehicle is sensed using a collision sensor. A switch is used

to detect collision. A sensor is placed each on the front and rear part of the vehicle.

One terminal of the switch is connected to the Vcc and the other is connected to the A2

pin of the PIC. Normally, the voltage on the A2 pin is low. When a collision takes

place, the two terminals of the switch get shorted and the voltage Vcc appears on the

output pin of the PIC. Thus, a collision is sensed.

The speed sensor determines the speed of the vehicle and stores the value in

the memory of the microcontroller when a collision takes place. The main component

of the speed sensor is a DC generator which is connected to the propeller of the engine

of the vehicle. When the vehicle moves, the propeller rotates. As a result, a DCvoltage is developed in the generator. As the speed of the vehicle changes, the speed

of the rotation of the generator changes linearly, thereby changing the dc voltage

developed across it. This DC voltage, which is analog in nature, is applied to the ADC

pin of the PIC. Thus, we get a digital value corresponding to the speed of the vehicle.

This value of speed is displayed on an LCD display when a collision is sensed.

The alcohol sensor is used to detect whether the driver has consumed alcohol

or not. The sensor used here is MQ3 Gas Sensor. A coil and a gas sensor are present in

the sensor. The alcohol sensing element works only when the coil is heated. This

sensor has 6 terminals, namely A, B and H, two each. The A and B terminals are inter-

changeable. Either of the A or B terminals are shorted together and connected to V cc.

One of the H terminals is also connected to the Vcc and the other is grounded. The

output appears across the other shorted terminal and the ground. This terminal is

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connected to the ADC pin of the PIC through a load resistor. A DC voltage

proportional to the alcohol content is developed at the output of the sensor. This

analog output is converted to digital form by connecting it to the ADC pins of the PIC.The PIC is programmed so that it displays messages on the LCD according to the

amount of consumption.

The temperature sensor determines the temperature of the vehicle. The IC

LM35 Precision Centigrade Temperature Sensor is used to sense the temperature.

Temperatures ranging from 0C to 100C can be measured using this sensor. Its

precision is 1. The Vcc terminal is connected to +5V. The output pin is connected to

the Ao pin of the PIC. When the temperature of the vehicle increases, the voltage

developed at the output also increases. The PIC is programmed assuming that for

every change of 0.01V, a change of 1C occurs. Thus a value corresponding to the

temperature is obtained at the output of the PIC. This value is displayed on an LCD

when a collision is detected.



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CIRCUIT DIAGRAM &

DESCRIPTION

3.1 CIRCUIT DIAGRAM



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Fig (2): Circuit Diagram

3.3 PCB LAYOUT



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Fig (3): PCB Layout of Circuit diagram (Bottom layer)



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Fig(4): PCB Layout of Circuit diagram (Top layer)



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THEORY OF PROJECT

4.1 THEORY OF PROJECT



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PIC is a family of Harvard Architecture microcontrollers made by Microchip

Technology developed by General Instrument's Microelectronics Division. The name

PIC initially referred to "Peripheral Interface Controller. The PIC used in thisproject is PIC 16F877A. It is one of the most advanced microcontroller from

Microchip. This controller is widely used for experimental and modern applications

because of its low price, wide range of applications, high quality, and ease of

availability. It is ideal for applications such as machine control applications,

measurement devices, study purpose, and so on. The PIC 16F877 features all the

components which modern microcontrollers normally have. The figure of a

PIC16F877 chip is shown below.

Fig: PIC16F877A

Features of PIC16F877A

The PIC16FXX series has more advanced and developed features when compared to

its previous series. The important features of PIC16F877 series is given below.

General Features

High performance RISC CPU.

ONLY 35 simple word instructions.

All single cycle instructions except for program branches which are two

cycles.

Operating speed: clock input (200MHz), instruction cycle (200nS).

Up to 3688bit of RAM (data memory), 2568 of EEPROM (data memory),

and 8k14 of flash memory.

Pin out compatible to PIC 16C74B, PIC 16C76, PIC 16C77



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Interrupt capability (up to 14 sources).

Different types of addressing modes (direct, Indirect, relative addressing

modes).

Power on Reset (POR).

Power-Up Timer (PWRT) and oscillator start-up timer.

Low power- high speed CMOS flash/EEPROM.

Fully static design.

Wide operating voltage range (2.0 5.56)volts.

High sink/source current (25mA).

Commercial, industrial and extended temperature ranges.

Low power consumption

Peripheral Features

Timer 0: 8 bit timer/counter with pre-scalar.

Timer 1:16 bit timer/counter with pre-scalar.

Timer 2: 8 bit timer/counter with 8 bit period registers with pre-scalar andpost-scalar.

Two Capture (16bit/12.5nS), Compare (16 bit/200nS), Pulse Width Modules

(10bit).

10bit multi-channel A/D converter

Synchronous Serial Port (SSP) with SPI (master code) and IC (master/slave).

Universal Synchronous Asynchronous Receiver Transmitter (USART) with 9

bit address detection.

Parallel Slave Port (PSP) 8 bit wide with external RD, WR and CS controls

(40/46pin).

Brown Out circuitry for Brown-Out Reset (BOR).

Key Features

Maximum operating frequency is 20MHz.



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Flash program memory (14 bit words), 8KB.

Data memory (bytes) is 368.

EEPROM data memory (bytes) is 256.

5 input/output ports.

3 timers.

2 serial communication ports (MSSP, USART).

PSP parallel communication port

10bit A/D module (8 channels)

Analog Features

10bit, up to 8 channel A/D converter.

Brown Out Reset function.

Analog comparator module.

Special Features

100000 times erase/write cycle enhanced memory.

1000000 times erase/write cycle data EEPROM memory.

Self programmable under software control.

In-circuit serial programming and in-circuit debugging capability.

Single 5V,DC supply for circuit serial programming

WDT with its own RC oscillator for reliable operation.

Programmable code protection.

Power saving sleep modes.

Selectable oscillator options.

PIN OUT DIAGRAM OF PIC 16F877



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PIC16F877 chip is available in different types of packages. According to the type of

applications and usage, these packages are differentiated. The pin diagram of a

PIC16F877 chip in different packages is shown in the figure below

Fig(5): Pin Diagrams of 16F877A PIC

Input/output ports

PIC16F877A has 5 basic input/output ports. They are usually denoted by PORT A

(RA), PORT B (RB), PORT C (RC), PORT D (RD), and PORT E (RE). These ports

are used for input/ output interfacing. In this controller, PORT A is only 6 bits wide

(RA-0 to RA-7), PORT B , PORT C,PORT D are only 8 bits wide (RB-0 to

RB-7,RC-0 to RC-7,RD-0 to RD-7), PORT E has only 3 bit wide (RE-0 to RE-7).

PORT-A RA-0 to RA-5 6 bit wide

PORT-B RB-0 to RB-7 8 bit wide

PORT-C RC-0 to RC-7 8 bit wide



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PORT-D RD-0 to RD-7 8 bit wide

PORT-E RE-0 to RE-2 3 bit wide

All these ports are bi-directional. The direction of the port is controlled by using

TRIS(X) registers (TRIS A used to set the direction of PORT-A, TRIS B used to set

the direction for PORT-B, etc.). Setting a TRIS(X) bit 1 will set the corresponding

PORT(X) bit as input. Clearing a TRIS(X) bit 0 will set the corresponding PORT(X)

bit as output.

PORTA and the TRISA Register

PORTA is a 6-bit wide, bidirectional port. The corresponding data direction register is

TRISA. Setting a TRISA bit (= 1) will make the corresponding PORTA pin an input

(i.e., put the corresponding output driver in a High-Impedance mode). Clearing a

TRISA bit (= 0) will make the corresponding PORTA pin an output (i.e., put thecontents of the output latch on the selected pin). Reading the PORTA register reads

the status of the pins, whereas writing to it will write to the port latch. All write

operations are read-modify-write operations. Therefore, a write to a port implies that

the port pins are read, the v the port data latch. Pin RA4 is multiplexed with the

Timer0 module clock input to become the RA4/T0CKI pin. The RA4/T0CKI pin is a

Schmitt Trigger input and an open-drain output.



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Fig1.4 : Block diagram of RA3:RA0 PINS

PORTB and the TRISB Register

PORTB is an 8-bit wide, bidirectional port. The corresponding data direction registeris TRISB. Setting a TRISB bit (= 1) will make the corresponding PORTB pin an input


TRISB bit (= 0) will make the corresponding PORTB pin an output (i.e., put the

contents of the output latch on the selected pin).Three pins of PORTB are multiplexed

with the In-Circuit Debugger and Low-Voltage Programming function: RB3/PGM,

RB6/PGC and RB7/PGD. Each of the PORTB pins has a weak internal pull-up. A



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single control bit can tu(OPTION_REG). The weak pull-up is automatically

turned off when the port pin is configured as an output.

Fig1.5: Block diagram RB3:RB0 pins

PORTC and the TRISC Register

PORTC is an 8-bit wide, bidirectional port. The corresponding data direction register

is TRISC. Setting a TRISC bit (= 1) will make the corresponding PORTC pin an input


TRISC bit (= 0) will make the corresponding PORTC pin an output (i.e., put the

contents of the output latch on the selected pin).PORTC is multiplexed with several

peripheral functions When enabling peripheral functions, care should be taken in

defining TRIS bits for each PORTC pin. Some peripherals override the TRIS bit to

make a pin an output, while other peripherals override the TRIS bit to make a pin an

input.



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Fig 1.6: Block diagram of PORT C

PORT D and TRISD Registers

PORTD is an 8-bit port with Schmitt Trigger input buffers. Each pin is individually

configurable as an input or output. PORTD can be configured as an 8-bit wide

microprocessor port (Parallel Slave Port) by setting control bit, PSPMODE

(TRISE). In this mode, the input buffers are TTL.



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Fig1.7: Block diagram of PORT D

PORTE and TRISE Register

PORTE has three pins (RE0/RD/AN5, RE1/WR/AN6 and RE2/CS/AN7) which are

individually configurable as inputs or outputs. These pins have Schmitt Trigger input

buffers. The PORTE pins become the I/O control inputs for the microprocessor port

when bit PSPMODE (TRISE) is set. In this mode, the user must make certain that

the TRISE bits are set and that the pins are configured as digital inputs. Also,

ensure that ADCON1 is configured for digital I/O. In this mode, the input buffers are

TTL.



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Fig1.8: Block diagram of PORT E



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4.2PCB FABRICATION DETAILS

The PCB must be fabricated first. Then the components are

soldered carefully to PCB. We should keep in mind that the quality of soldering

affects the quantity of output. The procedure for fabricating the PCB for setting up

the circuit of any multipurpose project is described below.

PCB MAKING

Making of the PRINTED CIRCUIT BOARD is as much as art on a technique

particularly when they are fabricated in very small numbers. There are several ways

of drawing PCB patterns and making the final boards. The making of PCB patterns

and the PCB involves two steps:

1. Preparing the PCB drawing

2. Fabricating the PCB itself from the drawing.

The traditional method of drawing the PCB with complete placements of

parts, taking a photographic negative of the drawing, developing the image of

negative formed on photo sensitized copper plate and dissolving the excess copper

by etching is a standard practice being followed in large scale operations. However,

for small scale operations, the cost saving procedure adopted here may be adopted.

PCB DRAWING

Making of PCB drawing involves some preliminary considerations such as

placement of components on a piece of paper. Locating holes, deciding the diameter

of various holes, the optimum area of each component should occupy the shape and

location lands for connecting two or more components at a particular place. There is

no other way to arrive at a conclusion than by trial and error. For anchoring leads of

component 1mm diameter holes and for fixing PCB holding screws to the 3mm

diameter holes can be made. Thus a sketch of the PCB is made.



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FABRICATION:

The copper clad PCB is now prepared by rubbing away the oxide, grease, etc.With fine emery paper or sand paper on this, the final PCB drawing may be traced

by using a carbon paper. Clips are used to prevent the carbon paper from slipping

while PCB pattern is being traced on the laminate. Only the connecting lines in

PCBs, slants and holes should be traced. The component position can be marked on

the PCB reverse side if desired.

The marked holes in PCB may be drilled using 1mm or 3mm drill bits and the

traced PCB pattern created with black, quick drying enamel paint, using a thin brush

or a small metal case. In case of any shorting of lines due to spilling of paint, they

may be removed by scraping with blade or knife after the paint has dried.

After drying, 20-30 gms of ferric chloride in 75 ml of water may be heated to

about 60 degrees and over the PCB placed with its copper side upwards in a plastic

tray. Stirring the solution helps speedy etching. The dissolution of unwanted copper

would take about 45 minutes. If etching takes longer, the solution may be heatedagain and the process is repeated. The paint on the pattern can be removed by

rubbing with a rag soaked in a thinner, turpentine or acetone. The PCB may then be

washed and dried. Depending on the wiring diagram, the resistors are taken care at

first, and then the ICs are soldered.



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SOFTWARE DESCRIPTION



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5.1 SOFTWARE DESCRIPTION

MPLAB IDE is a Windows Operating System (OS) software program that

runs on a PC to develop applications for Microchip microcontrollers and digital

signal controllers. It is called an Integrated Development Environment, or IDE,

because it provides a single integrated "environment" to develop code for

embedded microcontrollers. Experienced embedded systems designers may want to

skip ahead toComponents of MPLAB IDE. It is also recommended that MPLAB

IDE On-line Help and MPLAB IDE Updates and Version Numberingbe reviewed.

The rest of this chapter briefly explains embedded systems development and how

MPLAB IDE is used.

DEVICE PROGRAMMING

After the application has been debugged and is running in the development

environment, it needs to be tested on its own. A device can be programmed with the

in-circuit debugger or a device programmer. MPLAB IDE can be set to the

programmer function, and the part can be "burned". The target application can now be

observed in its nearly final state. Engineering prototype programmers allow quick

prototypes to be made and evaluated. Some applications can be programmed after the

device is soldered on the target PC board. Using In-Circuit Serial Programming

(ICSP) capability, the firmware can be programmed into the application at the time of

manufacture, allowing updated revisions to be programmed into an embedded

application later in its life cycle. Devices that support in-circuit debugging can even be

plugged back into the MPLAB ICD 2 after manufacturing for quality tests and

development of next generation firmware.

CCS SOFTWARE:

CCS provides a complete, integrated tool suite for developing and debugging

embedded applications running on Microchip PIC MCUs and dsPIC DSCs. This suite

includes an IDE for project management, a context sensitive C aware editor, build



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tools and real time debugger helping developers create, analyze, debug and

document project code.

The heart of this development tool suite is the CCS intelligent code optimizing

C compiler, which frees developers to concentrate on design functionality instead of

having to become an MCU architecture expert.

Maximize code reuse by easily porting from one MCU to another.

Minimize lines of new code with CCS provided peripheral drivers, built-in

functions and standard C operators.

Built in libraries are specific to PIC MCU registers, allowing access to

hardware features directly from C.



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5.2 FLOW CHART

Fig (6): Flow chart



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ADVANTAGES AND LIMITATIONS

6.1 ADVANTAGES



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This technology in cars helps to determine what happened in the critical

moments before a crash.

They are particularly valuable when no witnesses are present at the scene of

the accident and when each driver has his/her own version of the events.

Also enables to keep a running record of how a car is being operated, including

speed, acceleration, breaking, temperature and consumption of alcohol.

Good tool to monitor and control the driving style.

This new technology could be of interest for insurance companies, because it

provides them with all necessary information about the driving styles of their

customers.

The black box for the car would be of special interest for car rental companies.

When a car is returned back to the rental company, any disputes about vehicle

damage can be easily resolved by looking at the data from the black box.

6.2 LIMITATIONS



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The speed cannot be increased beyond a certain limit since it is demonstrated

using a toy car.

This project does not record when and where the collision has taken place.

The data can be stored only till such time that the life of the battery exists.

The data can be retrieved easily if we store it in an external memory. But the

use of an external memory may increase the cost of production.



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FUTURE EXPANSION OF THE

PROJECT

7.1 FUTURE EXPANSION OF THE PROJECT

Collision sensors can be replaced by pressure sensors.

Voice recorders can be appended to the Black Box.



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With a car black box that includes a video camera, there will be no longer your

word against the police officers.

A circuit can be implemented in which, if the driver has consumed alcohol

beyond a certain quantity, the engine will go off.

The temperature of the engine is measured by a sensor installed inside the

engine. If overheating occurs, the engine can be cooled by the use of a fan.



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CONCLUSION

CONCLUSION

We have succeeded to implement our venture AUTOMOBILE BLACK BOX , which

could be seen and justified by the result of our works. It completely compromises its

design specifications that were required during the designing phase and has been

confirmed about its correctness. AUTOMOBILE BLACK BOX was intended to detect



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alcohol consumption, over speeding, occurrence of collision, over heating of the

engine and then displaying the same which have been verified to fulfill the inception

properly. This endeavor of ours has been implemented and demonstrated which hasjustified its working.

LIST OF FIGURES

FIGURE PAGE NO

Fig (1): Block diagram of Black Box 8

Fig (2): Circuit Diagram 16

Fig (3): PCB Layout of Circuit diagram (Bottom layer) 17



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Fig (4): PCB layer of Circuit Diagram (Top layer) 18

Fig (5): Pin diagram of 16F877A 23

Fig (6): Flowchart 30

BIBLIOGRAPHY

www.ccsinfo.com

www.mathworks.com/products/mplab/

www.electronics-lab.com



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APPENDIX

APPENDIX A-COMPONENT PRICE LIST

NAME OF COMPONENTNUMBER

USED

PRIZE OF

COMPONENT(Rs.)

ALCOHOL SENSOR 1 450

PIC (16F877A) 1 130

LCD 1 120

VOLTAGE REGULATOR 7805 1 10

TEMPERATURE SENSOR 1 35

DC MOTOR 1 60



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FAN 1 600

CRYSTAL OSCILLATOR 1 10

ADAPTER 1 120

RESISTORS 6 3

CAPACITOR 6 3

IC BASE(40 PIN) 1 5

BUG STRIP 1 3

POT 1 5

RMC CONNECTOR 4 20

LED 1 2

TOTAL PRIZE FOR THE CIRCUIT COMPONENTS: Rs 1555

APPENDIX B-PROGRAMS

#include "C:\Documents and

Settings\Admin\Desktop\soldout88\BLACKBOX\BLACKBOX.h"

#include

#include

void main()

{

float w=2.55,value1,value2,value3;

lcd_init();

setup_adc_ports(AN0_AN1_AN3);

setup_adc(ADC_CLOCK_INTERNAL);

setup_psp(PSP_DISABLED);

setup_spi(FALSE);



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setup_timer_0(RTCC_INTERNAL|RTCC_DIV_1);

setup_timer_1(T1_DISABLED);

setup_timer_2(T2_DISABLED,0,1);

setup_comparator(NC_NC_NC_NC);

setup_vref(FALSE);

while(1)

{

set_adc_channel(0);

delay_us(10);

value1=read_adc();

value1=value1/w;

value1=(value1/19.6)*100;

set_adc_channel(1);//alcohol

delay_us(10);

value2=read_adc();

set_adc_channel(3);

delay_us(10);

value3=read_adc();//speed

if(input(pin_B7))

{

if((value2


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REPORT 11

{

printf(lcd_putc," alcohol=0");

printf(lcd_putc,"%c",37);

}

if((value2>46)&&(value2=70)&&(value2102))

{

printf(lcd_putc," alcohol=100");

printf(lcd_putc,"%c",37);

}

if((value3>=10)&&(value3


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delay_ms(2000);

lcd_putc('\f');

printf(lcd_putc," speed=10km\hr");

}

if((value3>=52)&&(value3=101)&&(value3152))

{

delay_ms(2000);

lcd_putc('\f');

printf(lcd_putc," speed=30km\hr");

}

delay_ms(2000);

lcd_putc('\f');

printf(lcd_putc," Temp=%f degree",value1);//temp

delay_ms(2000);

lcd_putc('\f');



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REPORT 11

}

}}

APPENDIX C-DATA SHEETS



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REPORT 11



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REPORT 11



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REPORT 11



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REPORT 11



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REPORT 11



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REPORT 11



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REPORT 11



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REPORT 11



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REPORT 11


PIC16F877
http://www.circuitstoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/01/Internal-Architecture-of-PIC16F877A-Chip.gifhttp://www.circuitstoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/01/Internal-Architecture-of-PIC16F877A-Chip.gif


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http://www.circuitstoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/01/PIC16f877-Program-Memory.gif