Coppin State University

Corinne Ambler Penn State AE Senior Thesis Construction Management

Coppin State UniversityHealth and Human Services

Building

Baltimore, Maryland


Presentation Outline

Project Overview

Construction Cost Escalation Analysis

Solar Shading Analysis

Overhead Pedestrian Bridge Illumination

Summary and Conclusions

Questions


Project Overview

Size: Five Stories, 150,000 sf

Construction Cost: $48.6 Million

Construction Dates: January 2006 – August 2008

Delivery Method: CM at Risk with GMP

Project Overview

Construction Cost

Escalation

Solar Shading

Analysis

Bridge Illumination

Analysis

Acknowledgements

Questions &

Comments

Presentation

Outline


Project Team

Construction ManagerArchitect

Design Collective, Inc. Barton Malow Company

Client

Coppin State University

Owner

University of Maryland, Baltimore

Structural Engineer

Hope Furrer Associates

MEP Engineer

RMF Engineering, Inc.

Project Overview

Construction Cost

Escalation

Solar Shading

Analysis

Bridge Illumination

Analysis

Acknowledgements

Questions &

Comments

Presentation

Outline


Project Features

Academic Facility

– Early Childhood Demonstration Center– Lecture Halls– Meeting Rooms– Offices– Outpatient Health Clinic– Research Labs– Moot Courtroom– Forensic Lab– Overhead Pedestrian Bridge

Project Overview

Construction Cost

Escalation

Solar Shading

Analysis

Bridge Illumination

Analysis

Acknowledgements

Questions &

Comments

Presentation

Outline


Building Envelope

Roof Materials– Metal Screen– EPDM Single Ply Membrane– Hot Fluid Applied Roof

Façade Materials– Glazed Aluminum Curtain Wall– Glazed Storefront– Face-Brick Veneer with Masonry Cavity– Cast Stone Panels– Insulated Metal Panels

Project Overview

Construction Cost

Escalation

Solar Shading

Analysis

Bridge Illumination

Analysis

Acknowledgements

Questions &

Comments

Presentation

Outline


Structural System Framing

– ASTM A992 Structural Steel

Decking– Composite Metal Deck – 3” 3500 psi Reinforced Lightweight Concrete

Foundation– 4000 psi Cast-in-Place Caissons, Grade

Beams & Foundation Walls

Project Overview

Construction Cost

Escalation

Solar Shading

Analysis

Bridge Illumination

Analysis

Acknowledgements

Questions &

Comments

Presentation

Outline


Mechanical & Electrical Systems

Electrical System– 480Y/277 Volt Service – 400kW Emergency Back-Up Generator

Mechanical System– 6 Rooftop Air Handling Units– (2) 400 Ton Chillers– (2) 200 HP Boilers

Project Overview

Construction Cost

Escalation

Solar Shading

Analysis

Bridge Illumination

Analysis

Acknowledgements

Questions &

Comments

Presentation

Outline


Site Conditions– Located in Baltimore, Maryland on a College Campus– 8 miles Northwest of Inner Harbor– 3 Site EntrancesProject Overview

Construction Cost

Escalation

Solar Shading

Analysis

Bridge Illumination

Analysis

Acknowledgements

Questions &

Comments

Presentation

Outline


Volatility of Escalating Construction Costs


Construction Cost EscalationCoppin State University - Health and Human Services Building Conditions

- Project Bid to Contractors in Three Phases- Hurricane Katrina Hit During Bidding Process- Materials Escalated Unprecedented High

- Owner Forced to Alter Budget or Building- Considered Removing Early Childhood Demonstration Center- Asked State of Maryland for $5 Million More

X5 Story Main Building

Phase I Phase II Phase IIIExcavation and Grading Fireproofing Final Sitework

Demolition Glass Systems LandscapingDeep Foundations Fire Protection Masonry

Concrete Mechanical Misc. MetalsStructural Steel Elevators Electrical Carpentry & Woodwork

Metal PanelsRoofing

Doors, Frames and HardwarePartitions and Ceilings

Ceramic TilePainting and Coating

Lab Casework

Trades in Each Bid Phase

*Steel & Glazing Bid Accounted for Most Over Estimated Budget Overage

Project Overview

Construction Cost

Escalation

Solar Shading

Analysis

Bridge Illumination

Analysis

Acknowledgements

Questions &

Comments

Presentation

Outline


Construction Cost Escalation

Problem:

Managing the risk of maintaining a Budget in the Current Market

- Volatility of Material Costs

- Escalation of Labor Wages

Project Overview

Construction Cost

Escalation

Solar Shading

Analysis

Bridge Illumination

Analysis

Acknowledgements

Questions &

Comments

Solution:

Alter the Contractors Bidding and Payment Process

- Require Contractor Bids to Reflect Current Market Prices

- Owner Compensate for Escalation Quarterly

Presentation

Outline


Current Market ConditionsEscalation of Material Costs

- Inflation/Escalation Free Era from 2001-2003

- Volatile Escalation of Material Prices from 2004-2006

- Material Costs have Decreased in Recent Months

- Material Costs Expected to Rise 6-8% by end of 2007

Causes of Material Escalation:

Increased Fuel Prices

- Anything Being Shipped or Hauled

- Raw Materials and Finished Products

- Petroleum Products – PVC, Roofing/Waterproofing, PVC Pipe & Asphalt

Increase In Global Economy (India and China)

- Longer Lead Time for Materials

Materials Affected Most

- Concrete

- Steel

- Drywall/Gypsum

Products Affected by Multiple Material Escalation – Cast-in-Place Concrete

- Aluminum - Copper

- Glass

- Lumber

Project Overview

Construction Cost

Escalation

Solar Shading

Analysis

Bridge Illumination

Analysis

Acknowledgements

Questions &

Comments

Presentation

Outline


Current Market Conditions

Escalation of Labor Wages

- Construction Industry Produced 1 out of 10 New Jobs

- Recent Years Employment Dropped 0.2%

- Hourly Wages increased 4.8% in 2006

- Labor Wages Increase 5% by end of 2007

Causes of Labor Wage Increase

- Labor Shortage

- Decline in Residential Construction Increased Number of Higher Paying Jobs

- Shortage of Apprentices Coupled with Shortage of Teachers

Project Overview

Construction Cost

Escalation

Solar Shading

Analysis

Bridge Illumination

Analysis

Acknowledgements

Questions &

Comments

Presentation

Outline



Brian Barnes Contractor Finishes, IncJohn Bechtel Owner The Pennsylvania State UniversityBrook Behner Contractor Homewood General Contractors, IncLee Evey Construction Manager Design Build Institute of AmericaSarah Forrest Estimator Hensel Phelps Construction Co.Scott Franckowiak Contractor MBR ConstructionHope Furrer Designer Hope Furrer AssociatesBob Grottenthaler Construction Manager Barton Malow CompanyMerton Harris Designer RMFMatt Herbert Designer Design Collective, IncTelly Koutris Contractor David Allen CompanyKeith Lambert Contractor Zephyr AluminumMike Miller Construction Manager SouthlandJorge Scotti Owner University of Maryland, BaltimoreKen Simonson Economist AGC Chief EconomistTodd Sody Contractor Sody ConcreteTodd Vochinsky Estimator Barton Malow Company

Contacts for Cost Escalation Interview

Resources

- Engineering News Record (ENR) Database

- Associated General Contractors (AGC) Escalation Reports

Project Overview

Construction Cost

Escalation

Solar Shading

Analysis

Bridge Illumination

Analysis

Acknowledgements

Questions &

Comments

Presentation

Outline



Construction Material Cost Escalation is a Risk for:- Contractors- Construction Managers- Designers- Owners- Vendors/Suppliers

Current StrategyIncorporate an Inflation/Escalation Percentage Increase and then Pass

the Risk to the Next Party

Problem with Current StrategyAs Risk is Passed a Premium is Paid by the Owner for an Event that

May Never Occur

Project Overview

Construction Cost

Escalation

Solar Shading

Analysis

Bridge Illumination

Analysis

Acknowledgements

Questions &

Comments

Presentation

Outline



Project Overview

Construction Cost

Escalation

Solar Shading

Analysis

Bridge Illumination

Analysis

Acknowledgements

Questions &

Comments

Current Strategy for Managing Risk

Presentation

Outline



Project Overview

Construction Cost

Escalation

Solar Shading

Analysis

Bridge Illumination

Analysis

Acknowledgements

Questions &

Comments

Recommendation

Presentation

Outline

Make an Effort to Simplify Bid Documents - Require Thorough Constructability Review that Involves a Contractor

- Eliminate Future Addendums

- Create a More Accurate Material Take-Off

Require Contractor to Bid on Current Market Prices - Require that Initial Bid does not include the Cost of Escalation or Inflation

- Standardize Bid

Review Material Cost Escalation Quarterly - Assess Material Escalation Quarterly using a Material Escalation Index

- Increase/Decrease Contract for Escalation of Materials Bought Each Quarter> Performed for 3 Pay Applications



Project Overview

Construction Cost

Escalation

Solar Shading

Analysis

Bridge Illumination

Analysis

Acknowledgements

Questions &

Comments

Conclusion

- Increase Mutual Respect between Parties

- Allow Owner to Manage the Risk of Cost Escalation and Inflation

- Reduce the Amount of Money Spent on Managing Risk

To Allow the Owner…

‘To Get More Building For The Buck’

Presentation

Outline





Existing Sunshade runs along the 5th Floor Perimeter Serves as a Capital to Complete an Aesthetic Look

Solution– Minimize Solar Heat Gain by Extending and Lowering Sunshade– Minimize Initial and Operating Cost

Sunshade is 4’-1 ¾ “ Above Head of Window Existing Redesign

Project Overview

Construction Cost

Escalation

Solar Shading

Analysis

Bridge Illumination

Analysis

Acknowledgements

Questions &

Comments

Problem– Sunshade does not Minimize Solar Heat Gain

Presentation

Outline


Solar Shading AnalysisExisting Conditions

- Located at 39.18°N Latitude and 76.67°W Longitude

- 5th Floor Exposure Aligned with North/South Axis

- 4’ Tapered Outrigger with 4” Airfoil

- Sunshade Mounting Tab Welded to Girder

5th Floor Exposure

4’ Tapered Outrigger 4” Airfoil

Existing Sunshade Connection

Project Overview

Construction Cost

Escalation

Solar Shading

Analysis

Bridge Illumination

Analysis

Acknowledgements

Questions &

Comments

Presentation

Outline


Mechanical Impacts

Constants- Reynolds - “Mechanical and Electrical

Equipment for Buildings” pg 1638 & 1648

South East West South East West North South East West North South East West8 8.1 55.3 1.00 0.69 0.00 0.15 0.09 0.00 5 75 111 5 3159 11210 139665 8427 0.4 12 7798169 16.8 44 1.68 1.74 0.00 0.25 0.24 0.00 12 160 154 12 7583 21403 166418 20225 0.4 12 103502110 23.8 30.9 2.06 3.44 0.00 0.30 0.47 0.00 16 213 124 16 10110 26612 101517 26967 0.4 12 79298711 28.4 16 2.25 7.85 0.00 0.33 1.00 0.00 19 244 61 19 12006 29414 26276 32023 0.4 12 47865412 30 0 2.31 0.00 0.00 0.34 0.00 0.00 20 254 21 21 12638 30280 29042 35394 0.4 12 5152991 28.4 16 2.25 0.00 7.85 0.33 0.00 1.00 19 244 19 61 12006 29414 26276 32023 0.4 12 4786542 23.8 30.9 2.06 0.00 3.44 0.30 0.00 0.47 16 213 16 124 10110 26612 22127 123722 0.4 12 8763413 16.8 44 1.68 0.00 1.74 0.25 0.00 0.24 12 160 12 154 7583 21403 16595 202820 0.4 12 11923254 8.1 55.3 1.00 0.00 0.69 0.15 0.00 0.09 5 75 5 111 3159 11210 6915 170215 0.4 12 919196

Total Btu: 7068294

January

Solar Heat Gain Coefficient

Solar Heat Gain (Btu)Percent Shaded (SF) Solar Heat Gain Factor (Btu/h-ft2)Solar Time

Altitude (degrees)

Azimuth (degrees)

Shadow Length (ft) Hourly BtuSunny Days per Month

- Azimuth

- Altitude

- Solar Heat Gain Factor

- Viracon Glass VE 1-52 Defines Solar Heat Gain Coefficient

- Estimated Number of Sunny days per month

Solar Heat Gain Calculations

Project Overview

Construction Cost

Escalation

Solar Shading

Analysis

Bridge Illumination

Analysis

Acknowledgements

Questions &

Comments

Presentation

Outline


Mechanical Impacts


Total Btu: 7068294

January



Altitude (degrees)

Azimuth (degrees)


Shadow Length = tan(Altitude) x Length of Overhangcos(Azimuth)

Shadow Length

East and West Sides

South Side

North South East WestHeight (ft) 7.33 6.83 7.33 7.33Length (ft) 86.17 25.33 188.58 229.83

Area(ft2) 631.89 173.11 1382.94 1685.44

Percent Shaded = Shadow Length x Length of GlassTotal Area of Glass


Shadow Length = tan(Altitude) x Length of Overhangcos(Azimuth)

Project Overview

Construction Cost

Escalation

Solar Shading

Analysis

Bridge Illumination

Analysis

Acknowledgements

Questions &

Comments

Presentation

Outline



Total Btu: 7068294

January



Altitude (degrees)

Azimuth (degrees)


Mechanical Impacts

Solar Heat GainX (Btu) = (1-ASX)ATXFX + ASX ATXFN

ASX is the Shaded Area for Side X

ATX is the Total Area of Glass for Side X

FX is the Solar Heat Gain Factor for Side X

FN is the Solar Heat Gain Factor for the North Side

When…

Hourly Solar Heat Gain (Btu)


Solar Heat Gain

Sunny Days per Month

xx


=

Project Overview

Construction Cost

Escalation

Solar Shading

Analysis

Bridge Illumination

Analysis

Acknowledgements

Questions &

Comments

Presentation

Outline


Mechanical Impacts

Month Btu per Month

January 9,171,824February 11,290,921March 14,263,934April 16,668,644May 19,361,664June 20,657,017July 22,163,105August 19,301,728September 18,547,310October 15,776,857November 9,466,098December 7,491,578Yearly Total: 184,160,679

Month Btu per Month

January 7,068,294February 8,293,033March 10,217,519April 12,269,298May 14,496,006June 15,572,578July 16,679,511August 13,533,949September 13,680,595October 11,807,527November 7,278,966December 5,849,392Yearly Total: 136,746,668

Current Btu Re-design Btu Change in Btu184,160,679 136,746,668 47,414,011

Overhang Length of 4’

4’-1 ¾ “ Above Head of Window

Overhang Length of 4’

0“ Above Head of WindowProject Overview

Construction Cost

Escalation

Solar Shading

Analysis

Bridge Illumination

Analysis

Acknowledgements

Questions &

Comments

Impacts of Lowering the SunshadePresentation

Outline



Project Overview

Construction Cost

Escalation

Solar Shading

Analysis

Bridge Illumination

Analysis

Acknowledgements

Questions &

Comments

5' 10,430,9736' 9,307,8647' 7,867,8828' 6,476,6349' 5,656,544

10' 4,877,344

Yearly Btu Savings per Additional Foot

Length of Sunshade

Sunshade Located at Head of Window

Lowered Lowered & Extended

Impacts of Extending the SunshadePresentation

Outline


Structural Impacts

Project Overview

Construction Cost

Escalation

Solar Shading

Analysis

Bridge Illumination

Analysis

Acknowledgements

Questions &

Comments

Addition of 156 Steel Plates Around 5th Floor Perimeter

- A36 24”x 7”x 3/8”

- Welded to Girder Beam at 5’ O.C.

Existing Connection Redesigned Connection

Presentation

Outline


Cost Impacts

Project Overview

Construction Cost

Escalation

Solar Shading

Analysis

Bridge Illumination

Analysis

Acknowledgements

Questions &

Comments

Current Btu Re-design Btu Change in Btu Savings184,160,679 136,746,668 47,414,011 $141

7191 7048 143 4.29 $3,079

Re-design Lowest Hourly

Difference in Hourly Btu

Change in Tons

Demand Charge Saved

Current Lowest Hourly Btu

460 0.036458333 0.00546875 19.28645833 156 $2.00 $6,017.38

Cost ($/lb) Cost ($)Number of Plates

Weight of Steel

(lb/ft3)

Volume of Steel

per Plate (ft3)

15% for Labor

(ft3)Weight per Plate (lb)

Electrical Supply Savings

Electrical Demand Supply Charge Savings

4.29 450 $8.95 $17,277.98

Number of Square Feet per Ton

Amount Saved (Tons)

Cost ($/SF) Total Initial Savings ($)

Chiller Reduction Savings

Structural Steel Plate Costs

Lowering Sunshade

$17,278-$6,017

$141$3,079

Total First Year Savings ($): $14,480Additional Savings per Year ($): $3,220

Initial One Time Chiller Savings

Electricity Savings per YearInitial One Time Steel Plate Cost

Item

Demand Charge Savings per Year

Savings

Presentation

Outline


Cost Impacts

Project Overview

Construction Cost

Escalation

Solar Shading

Analysis

Bridge Illumination

Analysis

Acknowledgements

Questions &

Comments

Initial Cost

4 5 6 7 8 9 10

4' 3,188 $05' 4,006 $33,9986' 4,833 $68,3707' 5,669 $103,1168' 6,512 $138,1529' 7,364 $173,563

10' 8,225 $209,348

Sunshade Length (ft)

Area of Sunshade (SF)

Cost ($)

Extending Sunshade

Cost per Additional Foot for Material and Labor

Yearly Btu

Cost ($) Initial Savings ($) Yearly Savings ($)

Additional Length + Steel Tonnage Reduction Demand + Supply4' $6,017 $17,278 $3,220 05' $40,015 $21,628 $4,026 46' $74,387 $25,977 $4,829 97' $109,133 $30,206 $5,606 138' $144,170 $34,556 $6,400 169' $179,581 $38,906 $7,192 1910' $215,366 $43,255 $7,981 21


Payback Period (Years)

Presentation

Outline


Conclusion & Recommendation

Project Overview

Construction Cost

Escalation

Solar Shading

Analysis

Bridge Illumination

Analysis

Acknowledgements

Questions &

Comments

Lower the Sunshade to Head of Window but do not extend the Sunshade

Lowered

Lowered &ExtendedExisting

Lower Sunshade

Initial Savings $14,480Yearly Savings $3,220No Schedule Impact

Presentation

Outline


Overhead Pedestrian Bridge Illumination Analysis


Bridge Illumination Analysis

Project Overview

Construction Cost

Escalation

Solar Shading

Analysis

Bridge Illumination

Analysis

Acknowledgements

Questions &

Comments

Presentation

OutlineThe Overhead Pedestrian Bridge connects the New Campus to Old Campus and is

a visible symbol of the college for all who drive down W. North Avenue

Bridge Conditions

– Connects with Health and Human Services Building on 2nd Floor

– Will Connect to a Future Parking Garage

– Crosses North Avenue



Project Overview

Construction Cost

Escalation

Solar Shading

Analysis

Bridge Illumination

Analysis

Acknowledgements

Questions &

Comments

Presentation

Outline Community Outreach– Early Childhood Demonstration Center– Outpatient Health Clinic– Community BBQ



Project Overview

Construction Cost

Escalation

Solar Shading

Analysis

Bridge Illumination

Analysis

Acknowledgements

Questions &

Comments

Presentation

OutlineProblem - Ignored Architectural Feature of the Campus

- Lighting is Ordinary and Industrial

Solution - Create a Prestigious Symbol for Coppin State University

- Highlight the Structure and Architectural Features of Bridge

- Hide the Light Source

- Maintain an Average Horizontal Illuminace Level of 5 footcandles and an Average Vertical Illuminance Level of 3 footcandles according to IESNA Handbook



Project Overview

Construction Cost

Escalation

Solar Shading

Analysis

Bridge Illumination

Analysis

Acknowledgements

Questions &

Comments

Existing Conditions- 40 Pendant Ceiling Mounted Fixtures

- No Light Focused on Structure

- Light Source is Visible

Interior View

Presentation

Outline

Exterior Views



Project Overview

Construction Cost

Escalation

Solar Shading

Analysis

Bridge Illumination

Analysis

Acknowledgements

Questions &

Comments

Redesigned Lighting Scheme - Small Fixtures Blend into Space

- Fixtures Painted to Match Truss Color

- FF-1 Ceiling Mounted Every 20 feet

- FF-2 Wall Mounted Every 10 feet on Alternate Sides

NO. Type Watts Type Lamps

FF-1Diecast Aluminum,

Ceiling Surface Mounted Downlight

150W MH

50W Electronic 1 277 7

FF-2Diecast Aluminum,

Wall Mounted Direct/Indirect

150W MH

50W Electronic 1 277 16

VoltageFixture

Qty.Label Description

Lamp Ballast

FF-1 FF-2

Presentation

Outline



Project Overview

Construction Cost

Escalation

Solar Shading

Analysis

Bridge Illumination

Analysis

Acknowledgements

Questions &

Comments

Presentation

Outline

Redesigned Illuminance Levels

- Average Illuminance of 6.18 footcandles

- Maximum Illuminance 11.6 footcandels

Pseudo Color Rendering

Existing Conditions

Redesign Conditions



Project Overview

Construction Cost

Escalation

Solar Shading

Analysis

Bridge Illumination

Analysis

Acknowledgements

Questions &

Comments

Presentation

OutlineHidden Light Source that Highlights the Structure and Architectural

Features with a Sufficient Amount of Light

Interior View

Exterior Views

Interior View


Electrical Impacts

Project Overview

Construction Cost

Escalation

Solar Shading

Analysis

Bridge Illumination

Analysis

Acknowledgements

Questions &

Comments

Presentation

OutlineASHRAE Design Criteria of Maximum of 3 Watts/ft2

Redesign Power Density 80% Less than Allowable

Existing and Redesigned System Circuited to Panelboard LPN2

Circuit 4 Redesigned According to NEC

Label Qty WattsTotal Watts

FF-1 7 52 364FF-2 16 52 832

11962040

0.586275

Total Watts:Square Feet:

Power Density:

Redesigned Power Density

Label Qty WattsTotal Watts

FF-1 40 35 140014002040

0.686275

Total Watts:Sqare Feet:

Power Density:

Existing Power Density

Circuit 4 Redesign - 20A, Single Pole, 277V

Allowable Total Wattage on Circuit 4

16A x 277V x 1(Power Factor) = 4,432 Watts

1,196 Watts < 4,432 Watts

All Fixtures on Same Circuit

VOLTAGE: MIN. C/B AIC:

SIZE/TYPE BUS: OPTIONS:

SIZE/TYPE MAIN:

DESCRIPTION LOCATION LOAD (WATTS) C/B SIZE POS. NO. A B C POS. NO. C/B SIZE LOAD (WATTS) LOCATION DESCRIPTION

Lighting Offices 2900 20A/1P 1 * 2 20A/1P 1800 Corridor LightingLighting Offices 2100 20A/1P 3 * 4 20A/1P 1196 Bridge LightingLighting Exterior 500 20A/1P 5 * 6 20A/1P 1100 Cove LightingLighting Control Panel 2900 20A/1P 7 * 8 20A/1P 0 0 LightingLighting Control Panel 2900 20A/1P 9 * 10 20A/1P 0 Spare 0 20A/1P 11 * 12 20A/1P 0 Spare 0 20A/1P 13 * 14 20A/1P 0 Spare 0 20A/1P 15 * 16 20A/1P 0 Spare 0 20A/1P 17 * 18 20A/1P 0 Spare 0 20A/1P 19 * 20 20A/1P 0 Spare 0 20A/1P 21 * 22 20A/1P 0 Spare 0 20A/1P 23 * 24 20A/1P 0 Spare 0 20A/1P 25 * 26 20A/1P 0 Spare 0 20A/1P 27 * 28 20A/1P 0 Spare 0 20A/1P 29 * 30 20A/1P 0 Spare 0 20A/1P 31 * 32 20A/1P 0 Spare 0 20A/1P 33 * 34 20A/1P 0 Spare 0 20A/1P 35 * 36 20A/1P 0 Spare 0 20A/1P 37 * 38 20A/1P 0 Spare 0 20A/1P 39 * 40 20A/1P 0 Spare 0 20A/1P 41 * 42 20A/1P 0

CONNECTED LOAD (KW) - A 7.60 TOTAL DESIGN LOAD (KW) 23.09

CONNECTED LOAD (KW) - B 6.20 POWER FACTOR 1.00

CONNECTED LOAD (KW) - C 1.60 TOTAL DESIGN LOAD (AMPS) 28

10K

PROVIDE FEED THROUGH LUGS

P A N E L B O A R D S C H E D U L E

FOR PANELBOARD 1L1B

SURFACE

480Y/277V,3PH,4W

150A

150A/3P C/B

PANEL TAG:

PANEL LOCATION:

LPN2

Room 212

PANEL MOUNTING:

Feeder Requires (3) #10 Wires in ½” EMT Conduit


Cost Impact

Project Overview

Construction Cost

Escalation

Solar Shading

Analysis

Bridge Illumination

Analysis

Acknowledgements

Questions &

Comments

Presentation

OutlineRedesigned Fixture - Material Increase Cost of $1,000

- Labor Increase of 106 hours for Cost of $5,812

Number of Fixtures - Existing has 40 Fixtures

- Redesign has 23 Fixtures

Lamp Maintenance Reduction - Existing Lamp is Linear Fluorescent T8

- Redesigned Lamp is Metal Halide

- Linear Fluorescent Lamps Lose Efficiency and Lamp Life in Low Temperatures

- Metal Halide is Better for Outdoor Application

Metal Halide Linear Fluorescent



Project Overview

Construction Cost

Escalation

Solar Shading

Analysis

Bridge Illumination

Analysis

Acknowledgements

Questions &

Comments

Presentation

Outline

Interior View

Existing

Redesign



Project Overview

Construction Cost

Escalation

Solar Shading

Analysis

Bridge Illumination

Analysis

Acknowledgements

Questions &

Comments

Presentation

Outline

Exterior View

Existing

Redesign



Project Overview

Construction Cost

Escalation

Solar Shading

Analysis

Bridge Illumination

Analysis

Acknowledgements

Questions &

Comments

Presentation

Outline

Redesign

Existing

Exterior View



Project Overview

Construction Cost

Escalation

Solar Shading

Analysis

Bridge Illumination

Analysis

Acknowledgements

Questions &

Comments

Presentation

Outline

Utilize the Redesigned Lighting Scheme - Creates a Prestigious Symbol for the College - Slight Cost Increase


Acknowledgements

Project Overview

Construction Cost

Escalation

Solar Shading

Analysis

Bridge Illumination

Analysis

Acknowledgements

Questions &

Comments

Architectural Engineering Faculty- Dr. Horman- Dr. Ling- Dr. Messner- Dr. Riley

Barton Malow Company- Bob Grottenthaler- Katie Lynahan- Jason McFadden- Allen Turnbaugh- Todd Vochinsky

Coppin State University & University of Maryland, BaltimoreDesign Collective, Inc

- Matt Herbert- Eric Wohnsigl

Family and FriendsFellow Architectural Engineering Students

- Alexis Kreft- Joseph Mugford

- Angela Nudy - Tyler Swartzwelder

Presentation

Outline


Questions and Comments

Project Overview

Construction Cost

Escalation

Solar Shading

Analysis

Bridge Illumination

Analysis

Acknowledgements

Questions &

Comments

Presentation

Outline

Questions & Comments

Lower the Sunshade to Reduce Solar Heat Gain- First Year Savings of $14,480- Yearly Additional Savings $3,220- No Schedule Impact

Utilize Redesigned Lighting Scheme of Bridge- Creates Prestigious Symbol- Highlights Structure and Architecture- Hides Light Source

Allow the Owner ‘To Get More Building For The Buck’- Owner Manages the Risk of Cost Escalation and Inflation- Reduce the Amount of Money Spent on Managing Risk


Current Market ConditionsAGC Percentage Changes in Producer Price (PPI) Index

Project Overview

Construction Cost

Escalation

Solar Shading

Analysis

Bridge Illumination

Analysis

Acknowledgements

Questions &

Comments

Presentation

Outline

2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 1 mo. 3 mo. 1 yr.Concrete products 2.5 -0.3 1.5 7.6 10.1 7.9 0.8 2.5 5.3 Concrete block and brick 2.3 1.6 3.2 4.7 8.1 7.0 0.2 1.7 4.3 Concrete pipe 4.4 1.7 1.4 5.5 7.5 3.8 -0.1 -0.6 2.6 Ready-mixed concrete 2.5 -1.1 2.1 8.7 11.3 9.8 1.0 2.8 5.8 Precast concrete products 0.7 0.3 2.5 6.0 6.0 3.9 1.2 3.6 5.1 Prestressed concrete products 5.3 1.8 -0.2 8.2 14.3 4.9 -0.4 1.4 5.6Brick and structural clay tile 5.3 1.9 0.7 3.0 9.4 5.8 -0.1 0.6 2.4Plastic construction products -2.7 3.1 3.2 7.2 21.6 -0.6 -0.3 -1.3 -2.6Gypsum products 0.4 3.4 2.8 20.0 18.8 5.4 0 -2.5 -4.0Insulation materials 0.4 -1.5 2.0 8.6 2.6 4.5 0.3 -1.1 -1.3Lumber and plywood -2.9 1.4 3.1 5.0 -1.1 -10.8 0.2 3.5 -10.2Architectural coatings 2.9 0.6 3.9 5.3 9.2 6.0 4.1 4.7 4.6Steel mill products -6.1 11.1 1.7 48.8 -3.8 11.6 2.3 3.5 13.1 Hot-rolled bars, plates, & structural shapes -4.3 2.1 11.3 53.8 -1.0 6.7 3.7 6.1 12.5 Steel pipe and tube -3.7 9.1 3.3 66.0 1.2 6.2 -0.1 -2.0 3.0Copper and brass mill shapes -9.5 -1.6 11.6 29.6 31.0 44.3 1.7 -7.2 25.5Aluminum mill shapes -2.9 -0.9 -0.5 9.9 5.0 12.4 0.3 2.7 7.7Fabricated structural metal -1.3 -2.4 0.1 24.7 2.8 5.2 0.4 0.9 5.3 Fabricated structural metal for buildings -1.5 -3.3 -0.1 20.0 3.1 3.4 0.4 0.5 2.7Architectural and ornamental metalwork -0.1 3.7 0.7 23.5 3.1 2.5 0.1 3.1 5.6Fabricated iron & steel pipe, tube, & fittings 0.6 0.1 1.2 32.6 5.5 4.9 -0.7 -5.1 -0.8Fabricated steel plate 0.6 -1.0 0.6 7.6 0.6 8.6 5.0 5.0 14.1Prefabricated metal buildings 0.0 4.0 -0.7 35.5 2.0 6.2 0.4 -0.8 5.2Construction machinery and equipment -0.1 1.9 1.3 6.0 4.9 3.4 0.2 1.4 2.2

2007Past YearsProduct


Current Market ConditionsMaterial Cost Escalation

CPI-U is the Consumer Price Index for all Urban Consumers

-Used to Help Predict Project Cost Changes

Project Overview

Construction Cost

Escalation

Solar Shading

Analysis

Bridge Illumination

Analysis

Acknowledgements

Questions &

Comments

Presentation

Outline


Structural Impacts

Project Overview

Construction Cost

Escalation

Solar Shading

Analysis

Bridge Illumination

Analysis

Acknowledgements

Questions &

Comments

Addition of 156 Steel Plates Around 5th Floor Perimeter

- A36 24”x 7”x 3/8”

- Welded to Girder Beam at 5’ O.C.

Existing Connection Redesigned Connection

Presentation

Outline

Eccentric Weld Tables AISC Steel Manual 13th Edition

- Downward Force 2k per connection

- Moment of 4’k

- Plate Checked for Flexural Yield


Structural Impacts

Project Overview

Construction Cost

Escalation

Solar Shading

Analysis

Bridge Illumination

Analysis

Acknowledgements

Questions &

Comments

Wind Load

Snow Load

Presentation

Outline Self Weight Assumptions - Self Weight: 15 psf

- Maximum Wind Load: 50 psf

- Maximum Snow Load: 50 psf


Cost Impacts

Project Overview

Construction Cost

Escalation

Solar Shading

Analysis

Bridge Illumination

Analysis

Acknowledgements

Questions &

Comments

Current Btu Re-design Btu Change in Btu Savings184,160,679 136,746,668 47,414,011 $141

7191 7048 143 4.29 $3,079

Re-design Lowest Hourly

Difference in Hourly Btu

Change in Tons

Demand Charge Saved

Current Lowest Hourly Btu

4.29 450 $8.95 $17,277.98

Number of Square Feet per Ton

Amount Saved (Tons)

Cost ($/SF) Total Initial Savings ($)

Change in Btu

COP of Chillerx $0.0608/kwh

x 3412 kwh/Btu

Electrical Savings

Demand Supply Charge Savings

Tonnage Reduction Savings

Tons Saved x 450 SF/ton x $8.95/SF

Hourly Change in Btu x 365 Days x COP of Chiller x $10/ton

12000 Btu/ton

Presentation

Outline


Cost Impacts

Project Overview

Construction Cost

Escalation

Solar Shading

Analysis

Bridge Illumination

Analysis

Acknowledgements

Questions &

Comments

460 0.036458333 0.00546875 19.28645833 156 $2.00 $6,017.38

Cost ($/lb) Cost ($)Number of Plates

Weight of Steel

(lb/ft3)

Volume of Steel

per Plate (ft3)

15% for Labor

(ft3)Weight per Plate (lb)

4' 3,188 $05' 4,006 $33,9986' 4,833 $68,3707' 5,669 $103,1168' 6,512 $138,1529' 7,364 $173,563

10' 8,225 $209,348


Area of Sunshade (SF)

Cost ($)

Volume per Plate x 1.15 (Labor) x 460 lb/SF x Number of Plates x $2/lb

Structural Steel Plate Cost

Additional Cost per Foot

Payback Period of Extension

$41.56/SF (Includes Labor) x Area of Sunshade

(Yearly Savings + Initial Savings – Initial Costs)

Yearly Savings

Cost ($) Initial Savings ($) Yearly Savings ($)

Additional Length + Steel Tonnage Reduction Demand + Electric4' $6,017 $17,278 $3,220 05' $40,015 $21,628 $4,026 46' $74,387 $25,977 $4,829 97' $109,133 $30,206 $5,606 138' $144,170 $34,556 $6,400 169' $179,581 $38,906 $7,192 1910' $215,366 $43,255 $7,981 21


Payback Period (Years)

Presentation

Outline


Mechanical Impacts

MonthNorth Change

in BtuSouth Change

in BtuEast Change

in BtuWest Change

in BtuTotal Change

in Btu

January 0 364,788 761,486 928,050 2,054,324February 0 525,743 1,049,002 1,297,054 2,871,799March 0 601,529 4,600,052 1,796,514 6,998,095April 0 243,556 1,825,055 2,174,106 4,242,716May 0 0 2,074,564 2,528,345 4,602,909June 0 0 2,138,146 2,605,835 4,743,981July 0 0 2,332,903 2,843,193 5,176,096August 0 241,207 2,369,945 2,898,136 5,509,288September 0 709,339 1,713,417 2,088,203 4,510,959October 0 683,433 1,408,382 1,716,446 3,808,260November 0 360,811 800,958 976,156 2,137,926December 0 286,508 591,278 720,612 1,598,398Yearly Change: 0 4,016,913 21,665,186 22,572,651 48,254,750

Project Overview

Construction Cost

Escalation

Solar Shading

Analysis

Bridge Illumination

Analysis

Acknowledgements

Questions &

Comments

Impacts of Lowering the Sunshade on the 5th FloorPresentation

Outline

West Side Total Area of Glazing 1,685 ft2

East Side Total Area of Glazing 1,383 ft2

North Side TotalArea of Glazing 632 ft2

North Side TotalArea of Glazing 173 ft2



Project Overview

Construction Cost

Escalation

Solar Shading

Analysis

Bridge Illumination

Analysis

Acknowledgements

Questions &

Comments

Presentation

Outline Light Loss Factors

Luminaire Label

Maintenance Category

LLD LDD RSDD BFTotal LLF

FF-1 IV 0.7 0.85 - 0.98 0.5831FF-2 III 0.7 0.88 - 0.98 0.60368Assume : 24 month cleaning interval and a clean environment.