Observation: Date Time: Weather: Sunny/ Rainy /Cloudy etc. Sampling area: Characteristics of the soil: Sample size: Objectives 1. To study the land use pattern of the project area 2. To study the cropping pattern, cropping intensity in different land types. 3. To suggest alternate land use plan for the locality Requirements 1. Square data sheet for inventory documentation 2. Primary and secondary da ta sources from Agriculture offices of block, subdivision and district, panchayat, NGOs, farmers‘ club etc. 3. Large scale base map of the area Methodology A. To collect data from primary/ secondary sources for the past few years on the following parameters. Total area under study Forests Area put to non agricultural uses Barren and uncultivable land Total cultivated area Area sown more than once Gross cropped area Cropping intensity (percentage) Irrigated area, if available Un-irrigated area Percentage of net irrigated area to net cultivated area Area under cereals, pulses, oilseeds, fib re crops, horticultural crops and others Share of area under different crops. B. Analyze data for variation of present and past last 10 years) land use C. Suggestion of optimal land use based on farmers needs D. Graphical representation of change in parameters with time (y ears).
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Objectives 1. To study the land use pattern of the project area 2. To study
the cropping pattern, cropping intensity in different land types. 3. To suggestalternate land use plan for the locality Requirements 1. Square data sheetfor inventory documentation 2. Primary and secondary data sources fromAgriculture offices of block, subdivision and district, panchayat, NGOs,
farmers‘ club etc. 3. Large scale base map of the area Methodology A. To
collect data from primary/ secondary sources for the past few years on thefollowing parameters.
Total area under study
Forests
Area put to non agricultural uses
Barren and uncultivable land
Total cultivated area
Area sown more than once
Gross cropped area
Cropping intensity (percentage)
Irrigated area, if available
Un-irrigated area
Percentage of net irrigated area to net cultivated area
Area under cereals, pulses, oilseeds, fibre crops, horticultural crops andothers
Share of area under different crops.
B. Analyze data for variation of present and past last 10 years) land use C.
Suggestion of optimal land use based on farmers needs D. Graphical
representation of change in parameters with time (years).
Physiographically, the country can be put under seven regions, viz., northern
mountains including the Himalayas and the mountain ranges in the north-
east, Indo-Gangatic plain, Central Highlands, peninsular plateau, East coast,
West coast and bordering seas and islands.
There are different types of rocks on the Earth. Soil is formed by the
breaking up of rocks. The nature of soil on different parts of the Earth
largely depends upon the type of rocks.
Though soil is found at every place, its thickness varies from place to place,
Also some soils are very fertile while others may be less so. In this way, the
quality and quantity of soil vary greatly from place to place. The soil of the
Northern Plains is very fertile.
The Himalayan Rivers bring a large amount of broken rock- material with
them. During the rainy season, when most of the rivers of India are in flood,this broken rock material is deposited along their banks. The soft and light
material is called alluvium. It is very fertile. The main crops grown in such
soil are rice, wheat, sugarcane and jute.
The Deccan Plateau is rocky and uneven. It is made up of lava rocks. The
rocks deep inside the Earth are in the molten state. Sometimes, these
molten rocks escape through cracks and weak spots in the Earth’s surface.
This molten material forms the lava rocks on cooling.
The soil formed by the lava rocks is generally black in color. Black soil is
found in the north-western part of the Deccan Plateau. The black soil is verygood for growing cotton. In the remaining part of the plateau, the soil is
reddish in color. The red soil, which is not very fertile, is also called Laterite.
Mostly, groundnut and millets are grown here.
Nothing grows in desert due to acute shortage of water. But wherever water
has been made available through irrigation, crops such as wheat, gram,
cotton, millets, dates and fruits can be grown. The soil on the hill-slopes is
very thin and poor. It is coarse with big pieces of rocks. This soil is suitable
for planting fruit trees. The slopes are cut into terraces, to grow rice and
maize.The large variety of soils helps us to grow many crops in India. Where the
soil is not fertile, we add manure and fertilizers to make it fertile. Wind and
running water can easily remove loose from the fields. This is called soil
erosion. It can reduce the fertility of the soil. We must maintain the fertility
of the soil by taking preventive steps like covering the soil with grass, shrubs