COOLING EFFECT- BOTTLES

COOLING EFFECT OF BOTTLESA REPORT

Less Energy CoolerWater

Don’t Waste PowerIt is precious!

For IRIS 2008

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Project code: PHYSICS-03 TeamAge category: 2 Karnam Varaprasad

Category: Physical Science Y. Johnson

Project Guide: N. Buvaneshwari

Z.P.H.School R,Pet,Kuppam And

hra Pradesh

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Topic Page

1. SYNOPSIS

Page:3

2. INTRODUCTION

Page:8

2

3. METHODLOGY & EXPERIMENTATION

Page:10

4. OBSERVATION & DISCUSSION

Page:13

5. CONCLUSION

Page:19

6. REFERENCE

Page:21

7. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

Page:23

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SYNOPSIS

4

SYNOPSIS

OBJECTIVE AND ORIGIN OF THE IDEA

Cooling of water is not a new concept. From very early

civilizations, earthen pots were put in holes in the ground to

cool water, and over the years, methods of cooling were

improvised and cooling became more and more effective. Even

today, earthen pots of different clays give different cooling

effects.

With the advancement of Science, refrigerators have become a

necessity more than a luxury. Even the shape of the bottles used

in refrigerators have been undergoing change from time to time,

but we are yet to achieve optimum cooling effect to saving

energy, our innovative spirit prompted us to undertake this

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project and work on bottles of different shapes and sizes to

find the parameter to maximize the energy savings

Our Project Aims at:

1. Studying the impact of surface area per unit volume of

different shaped bottles and their effect on cooling.

2. Developing the concept which improves the cooling effect and

is energy efficient too. Developing a concept that will cut

down the energy requirement for commercial purposes in shops

selling cold drinks.

3.Bringing awareness among public to purchase energy savingbottle

ORIGIN OF THE IDEA

We are Young Instructors at the Agastya International

Foundation, Kuppam. It is a foundation helping in igniting young

minds, and inculcating a scientific temper in students. We

regularly visit the centre and attend special workshops

organized by them. In one such workshop held on 19th July, 2008,

we got a chance to interact with the IRIS coordinator

Dr. Harish Bhatt, Ms. Hannah and resource persons like Mr. S.R.S

Rao, Prof. Parthan and Mr. Baluragi. We were motivated by them

and we developed interest in the project.

Every time we had a cold drink, we wondered why some bottles

were colder than others. We began to think if plastic bottles,

glass bottles, cans, wide-mouthed bottles had any effect on6

cooling. We thought it would be worthwhile to research and find

out for ourselves. Maybe, we could help conserve energy. We took

the initiative and began working on this.

HYPOTHESIS1. Bottles having maximum surface per unit volume are more

energy efficient while cooling water.

2. Bottles having minimum surface area per unit volume are good

for retaining the low temperature for a longer time.

MATERIAL REQUIRED1. Different shaped bottles

2. Measuring jar

3. Graph papers

4. Cello tape

5. Thermometers

6. Refrigerator

7. Pair of scissors

8. Power source

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METHODOLOGY AND EXPERIMENTATION Stage wise experimentation taken up has been highlighted below

Step 1. Initially, different shaped glass bottles were

collected and all of them were filled with water. We

used a measuring jar to find out the volume of water

filled in those bottles.

Step 2. We used a measuring jar to find out the volume of

water filled in those bottles. Graph papers were

pasted on the bottles. We calculated the squares

required to cover their surface. Surface area of

individual bottles was measured, using graph papers.

We then calculated their surface area per unit volume.

Step 3. Initial reading of tap water temperatures was taken.

All the bottles were filled up to the brim and placed

in the refrigerator. After every 30 minutes their

readings were noted.

Step 4.

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Then the heating effect of the same bottles was

studied. Water that was already cooled, was filled in

all the bottles and its initial readings were taken.

Bottles were placed in the sunlight. After every 30

minutes their readings were noted.

Step 5 The same experiments were conducted using plastic

bottles.

DATA INTERPRETION1. The cooling effect and heating effect of bottles

were studied in relevance to their surface area per

unit volume – This indicates that not all bottles

have the same rate of cooling or heating the content

inside.

2. Bottles having large surface area per unit volume

cools much faster, but when they are kept out of the

refrigerator, they also lose their cooling effect

faster.

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3. Bottles having less surface area per unit volume,

take more time to cool, but when they are kept out

of the refrigerator, they retain their cooling

effect for a long time.

4. We conducted such experiments and brought out the

findings to bring awareness among people to purchase

energy saving bottles and reduce the consumption of

energy.

Conclusion:

1. Bottles with large surface area per unit volume are

good for cooling water

2. Bottles with less surface area per unit volume are

good for keeping cold water.

Future scope of the Project:

1. Work out a strategy for cooling the water and the way

to serve cold water to conserve energy.

2. Work out an optimum shape of the bottle for both

heating and cooling.

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3. Comparison between cooling effects of plastic and

glass bottles.

INTRODUCTION

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INTRODUCTION

The cooling of water is not a new concept. From very early

civilizations, earthen pots were put in holes in the ground to

cool water, and over the years, methods of cooling were

improvised on and cooling became more and more effective. Even

today, earthen pots of different clays, give different cooling

effects.

With advancement of Science, refrigerators have become a

necessity more than a luxury. Even the bottles that are used in

refrigerators have been changed from time to time, but we are

yet to optimize their cooling effect to conserve energy With a

view to saving energy, our innovative spirit prompted us to12

undertake this project and work on bottles of different shapes,

materials and sizes.

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METHODLOGY AND

EXPERIMENTATION

Stage: 114

Glass Bottles Plastic Bottles

Bottles of different shapes, sizes and materials

Stage: 2

Measuring volume of a bottle Finding surface area of a bottle

Measurement of volume Measurement of surface area

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of a bottle using a measuring cylinder ofa bottle using graph papers

Stage:3

Measurement of temperature of the water in a bottle

Stage : 4

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Measurement of temperature under Sunlight.

OBSERVATION AND

DISCUSSION17

Experiment – 1

Cooling effect of different shaped bottles

Initial Reading of tap water - 19º c

BottlesNo.

SurfaceArea(cm2)

Volume

(ml)

Surface

Area/Volume(cm2/ml)

Temperature in degree Celsius

Start 10min 20

min30min 40 min 50 min

1 555.5 785 0.70 19 18.0 15.0 13.0 11.0 10.02 518.0 775 0.66 19 17.0 15.0 13.5 11.5 10.03 266.5 190 1.40 19 16.0 13.0 11.0 09.0 07.5

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4 535.0 775 0.69 19 18.5 16.0 14.0 12.5 10. 55 374.0 220 1.70 19 15.0 12.0 10.5 08.0 06.0

GRAPH -1

Observation: Bottles with large surface areas are good for cooling water.

Experiment – 2

Heating effect of different shaped bottles in sunlight –Using hot water

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Cooling effect of different shaped of bottles

02468101214161820

start 10m in

20m in

30m in

40m in

50m in

Tim e in m in

Temperature º c 0.7cm 2/ m l

0.66cm 2/ m l1.4cm 2/ m l0.69cm 2/ m l1.7cm 2/ m l

Duration time every 10 Min (10.10 am to 10. 50 am)

BottlesNo.

SurfaceArea(cm2)

Volume

(ml)

Surface

Area/Volume(cm2/ml)

Temperature in degree Celsius

Start 10min 20

min30min 40 min

1 555.5 785 0.70 78.5 65.0 62.5 59.0 56.02 518.0 775 0.66 58.0 55.5 53.0 50.0 47.53 266.5 190 1.40 78.5 61.0 55.5 51.0 48.04 535.0 775 0.69 82.5 70.5 65.0 59.0 56. 55 374.0 220 1.70 82.5 59.0 52.5 46.5 42.5

Graph – 2

Observation: Bottles with large surface area per unit volumecools faster in sunlight when hot water is poured into it.

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Heating effect of different shaped bottles in sun light - Using hot w ater

0

20

40

60

80

100

start 10 m in 20 m in 30 m in 40 m inTim e in m in

Temperature °c 0.7cm 2/ m l

0.66cm 2/ m l1.4cm 2/ m l0.69cm 2/ m l1.7cm 2/ m l

Experiment – 3

Heating effect of different shaped bottles in sunlight –Using normal water

Initial Temperature of normal water - 21 º c

Duration time every 10 Min

BottlesNo.

SurfaceArea(cm2)

Volume

(ml)

Surface

Area/Volume(cm2/ml)

Temperature in degree Celsius

Start 10min 20

min30min 40 min 50 min

1 555.5 785 0.70 21.0 23.0 25.0 27.0 28.0 29.02 518.0 775 0.66 21.0 24.0 26.0 27.0 28.0 30.03 266.5 190 1.40 21.0 23.5 27.5 28.0 31.0 32.54 535.0 775 0.69 21.0 24.0 25.0 27.0 28.0 30.05 374.0 220 1.70 21.0 24.0 28.5 29.0 32.0 33.0

Graph - 3

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Observation: Bottles with large surface area per unit volumeabsorbs heat faster than bottles with less surface area per unitvolume.

Experiment – 4

Heating effect of different shaped bottles in sunlight –Using cold water

Initial Temperature of cold water - 10 º c

Duration time every 10 Min

BottlesNo.

SurfaceArea(cm2)

Volume

(ml)

Surface

Area/Volume(cm2/ml)

Temperature in degree Celsius

Start 10min 20

min30min 40 min 50 min

1 555.5 785 0.70 10.0 18.0 19.0 20.0 22.0 24.02 518.0 775 0.66 10.0 15.0 18.0 19.0 22.0 24.03 266.5 190 1.40 10.0 21.0 23.0 24.0 28.0 36.04 535.0 775 0.69 10.0 15.0 18.0 19.0 21.5 23.55 374.0 220 1.70 10.0 22.0 24.0 26.0 29.0 37.0

Graph – 4

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Heating effect of different shaped of bottles under sunlight filled w ith – Cold w ater

0510152025303540

start 10 min 20 min 30 min 40 min 50 minTim e in m in

Tempe

ratu

re º c

0.7cm2/ ml0.66cm2/ ml1.4cm2/ ml0.69cm2/ ml1.7cm2/ ml

Observation: Bottles having large surface areas are not good forkeeping water which is already cooled.

EXPERIMENT-5

Cooling effect of different shaped plastic bottles

Initial Temperature of normal water - 25 º c

Duration time every 30 Minutes

BottlesNo.

SurfaceArea(cm2)

Volume

(ml)

Surface

Area/Volume(cm2/ml)

Temperature in degree Celsius

Start

30 min

60min

90min

120 min

150 min

1 459.5 520 0.88 25.0 23.0 21.5 21.0 19.5 19.02 431.5 540 0.79 25.0 24.0 21.0 21.0 20.0 19.03 478.0 500 0.95 25.0 24.0 22.0 19.5 19.0 19.04 404.0 480 0.84 25.0 23.5 21.5 20.0 20.0 19.0

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GRAPH-5

Observation: Cooling of a bottle depends upon its surface areaper volume.

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0

5

10

15

20

25

30

start 10 m in 20 m in 30 m in 40 m in 50 m inTim e in m in

Temperature º c

0.88cm 2/ m l0.79cm 2/ m l0.95cm 2/ m l0.84cm 2/ m l

CONCLUSION

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Conclusion:

1. Bottles with large surface area per unit volume are

good for cooling water

2. Bottles with less surface area per unit volume are

good for keeping water cold for longer time.

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REFERENCE

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REFERENCES:

www.google.com

www.wipoint/pctdb/en/wo www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic234888/glass www.abc.net.av/science/surfingscientist

www.answers.com

www.indiamart.com/ghect

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

We are extremely grateful to the Chairman of Agastya

International Foundation, Mr. Ramji Raghavan for exposing us to30

scientific studies through the models at the Agastya

International Foundation. We are also grateful to Agastya

International Foundation for inviting us and giving us an

opportunity to attend the IRIS workshop at their Center, and for

providing us the facilities for taking photographs, accessing

the internet and providing valuable guidance.

We thank IRIS for being so innovative in reaching out to us, Dr.

Harish Bhatt, and Ms. Hannah for briefing us about the Intel

Science Fair.

We are indebted to Mr. Ajith Basu Chief Programmme Executive who

has taken keen interest in initiating IRIS project work and

extending all the facilities required at Agastya International

Foundation.

Our thanks are also due to Prof. Parthan, Retd. Professor, IIT

Kharagpur, Mr. Baluragi, Retd. Vice- Chancellor of Gulbarga

University, Mr. Sivakumar, Retd. Chief Designer HMT, Dr. A.N.

Yellappa Reddy, Ecologist & former Environment Secretary,

Bangalore Mr. SRS Rao, Retd.GM, Mysore cements, presently

engaged in promoting scientific temper amongst children and Dr.

Leela, Retd Lecturer M.E.S college from Bangalore, for their

motivation and exposure to Science Research, which we have

received over a period of time.

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Our Head Master, Mr. Ranganathan deserves special thanks for

showing so much interest in our work and allowing us the freedom

to spend time over our research work.

We thank our Guide and Science teacher, Mrs.N.Buaneshwari, who

spared her valuable time helping us in our project work. We are

also thankful to the following:

1. Mr.A.Natesh, Agastya International Foundation, for his caring

interest in ensuring the progress of the work. Without his

support, it would not have been possible for us to complete the

project as per requirement.

2. Mrs. Jayamma, Agastya International Foundation for convincing

our parents to allow us to participate in IRIS 2008 at Kolkata,

3. Ms. Chayadevi for extending assistance in conducting

experiments.

4..Mrs. Manjula Rao, Head, Educational Programme, Agastya

International Foundation, for giving the final touches and

giving us the confidence to face an audience.

We are also thankful to the entire staff of Agastya for

extending all possible help whenever required.

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Our gratitude and thanks definitely go to INTEL for organizing

such a wonderful programme and giving us this opportunity to

participate in this science fair

We thank our parents for giving us the chance to meet people

from other states and participate in this Science Fair.

Thank you, one and all!

We declare that this project, its experiments and measurements,

effectively reflect our own work. We have not copied this

project from any source.

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Karnam Varaprasad Y.Johnson Mrs.N.Buvaneshvari Mr. A. NateshParticipant 1 Participant 2 Teacher guide External guide

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