Conveyor automation2014

B.E.PROJECTS

CONTACT 9444863248

[email protected]

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FABRICATION OF CONVEYOR AUTOMATION

FABRICATION OF CONVEYOR AUTOMATION

Submitted in the partial fulfillment of the requirement for the award of

“DIPLOMA IN MECHANICAL ENGINEERING (MTMR) (SWC)”

SUBMITTED BY:

1. T.KARTHIGEYAN 4.K.VASANTH 2. A. KARTHIGEYAN 5.M.MANIKANDAN 3. V.KANNAN 6.K.SIVASHANKAR

Under guidance of

Mr. N.RAMU, M.E

APRIL 2014

DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

A M K TECHNOLOGICAL POLYTECHNIC COLLEGECHEM BARAMBAKKAM, CHENNAI – 602 103

A M K TECHNOLOGICAL POLYTECHNIC COLLEGECHEM BARAMBAKKAM, CHENNAI – 602 103

BONAFIDE CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that this Project work on

“Fabrication of conveyor automation”

submitted by …………………… ……………. Reg. No. ……………

in partial fulfillment for the award of

DIPLOMA IN MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

This is the bonafide record of work carried out by him under our supervision

during the year 2014

Submitted for the Viva-voce exam held on ……………..

HEAD OF THE DEPARTMENT PROJECT GUIDE

INTERNAL EXAMINER EXTERNAL EXAMINER

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

At the outset, we would like to emphasize our sincere thanks to the

Principal Mr. R. J. KUMAR, B.E., M.E., MISTE., Ph.D., encouragement

and valuable advice.

we thank our Esquired Head of Department Mr R. RAJKUMAR,

A.M.I.E, M.E., for presenting his felicitations on us.

We are grateful on our Entourages MrN.RAMU, M.E., for guiding

in various aspects of the project making it a grand success.

We also owe our sincere thanks to all staff members of the

Mechanical Engineering Department.

Ultimately, we extend our thanks to all who had rendered their co-

operation for the success of the project.

CONTENTS

CONTENTS

1. SYNOPSIS

2. INTRODUCTION

3. PROJECT PLANNING

4. FABRICATION DETAILS

5. MECHANISM GRINDING ATTACHMENT

6. LIST OF MATERIAL

7. COST ESTIMATION

8. ANNEXURE

9. DRAWING

10. CONCLUSION

11. BIBLIOGRAPHY

12. PHOTOS

SYNOPSIS

SYNOPSIS

INTRODUCTION

INTRODUCTION

In our technical education the project work plays a major role. Every

students is put in to simulated life particularly where the student required to

bring his knowledge, skill and experience of the project work.

It helps how to evolve specifications under given constrains by

systematic approach to the problem a construct a work device. Project work

thus integrates various skills and knowledge attainment during study and

gives orientation towards application.

As the students solve the various problems exposed by the project

work, the students get the confidence to overcome such problems in the

future life. It helps in expanding the thinking and alternatives for future

applications.

PRECAUTION BEFORE SELECTION

OF THE PROJECT

PRECAUTION BEFORE SELECTION OF THE PROJECT

Before rushing out of buy the material for the component first determine the

Size of the belt required for material transferring operation ..

Obviously the first thing to look at is how much horse power is needed for

the belt to select the motor.

Whether the belt having an easier provisions to load the material on the

belt or what Extent we modify this.

If the belt is having easier provision to load and transfer the job and then

implement for automatic operation.

PROJECT PLANNING

FABRICATION DETAILS

FABRICATION OF PARTS DETAILS

1. CONVEYOR

This conveyor is used to rub the jobs continuously towards the machining.

The jobs are placed under the belt conveyor .The conveyor belt is rotated

between the driving and driven pulley by the DC motor.The DC motor and

the conveyor belt assembly is mounted separately on a wooden board .The

height of the conveyor unit is arranged slightly above the board.The belt

conveyor is shown in fig.

1. Pulley and Belt

Here there are two Pulleys, called as driving Pulley and driven Pulley is

rotated freely on the shaft which is held in bracket.

The belt is made of cloth materials, which is red in color. The width and

length of the belt is cut from the main sheet and its ends are pasted.

MOUNTING BRACKETS FOR MOTOR AND PULLEYS:

The motor and Pulley mounting brackets are made from 2 mm M.S.

sheet .The sheet is cut and bend to the required shape and drilled as per the

dimensions given in the sketch, the brackets can be placed and screwed on

the novopan The sheet is cut and bends to the required to shape as shown in

fig.

BELT TIGHTENING MECHANISM:

The driving Pulley is mounted in fixed position and the driven pulley

is mounted at a distance so that the belt can be stretched enough by using

tension mechanism. Here two nuts are used. One is used for adjusting the

tension and the other is used as a lock nut.

CONSTRUCTION

The Belt conveyor model consists of the following parts:

a) DC motor

b) Infra red sensor

c) Inductive sensor

d) Pulley and Belt

e) Motor mounting bolt

f) ON / OFF switch (Manual operation)

g) Belt tightening mechanism

a) DC Motor:

The DC motor is used to drive the conveyor belt. The motor works

in 24 V D.C. supply and it rotates. The current rating is 750 milli amps and

it is a SHUNT motor having 3 kg torque.

b) Pulley and Belt:

Here there are two pulleys, called as driving pulley and driven pulley.

The driven pulley is rotated freely on the shaft which is held in bracket.

The belt is made of nylon material which is red in colour. The width

and length of the bolt is cut from the main sheet and its ends are pasted.

Mounting Brackets for Motor and Pulleys:

The motor and pulley mounting brackets are made from 2 mm M.S.

sheet. The sheet is cut and bend to the required shape and drilled as per the

dimensions given in the sketch. The brackets can be placed and screwed

anywhere on the novopan Board because it is having T slot. The sheet is

cut and bend to the required shape .

Belt Tightening Mechanism:

The driving pulley is mounted in fixed position. The driven pulley is

mounted at a distance so that the belt can be stretched enough by using

tension mechanism. Here two nuts are used. One is used for adjusting the

tension and the other is used as a lock nut.

3.DC MOTOR ;

1.D.C. MOTOR

DESCRIPTION OF PERMANENT MAGNET D.C

MOTOR

An electric motor is a machine which converts electrical energy to

mechanical energy. Its action is based on the principle that when a current-

carrying conductor is placed in a magnetic field, it experiences a magnetic

force whose direction is given by Fleming’s left hand rule.

When a motor is in operation, it develops torque. This torque can produce

mechanical rotation. DC motors are also like generators classified into shunt

wound or series wound or compound wound motors.

FLEMING’S LEFT HAND RULE:

Keep the force finger, middle finger and thumb of the left hand

mutually perpendicular to one another. If the fore finger indicates the

direction of magnetic field and middle finger indicates direction of current in

the conductor, then the thumb indicates the direction of the motion of

conductor.

PRINCIPLE OF OPERATION OF DC MOTOR:

Figure I show a uniform magnetic field in which a straight conductor

carrying no current is placed. The conductor is perpendicular to the

direction of the magnetic field.

In figure II the conductor is shown as carrying a current away from

the viewer, but the field due to the N and S poles has been removed. There

is no movement of the conductor during the above two conditions. In figure

III the current carrying conductor is placed in the magnetic field. The field

due to the current in the conductor supports the main field above the

conductor, but opposes the main field below the conductor.

Movement ofConductor

Magnetic flux current carrying Conductor

The result is to increase the flux density in to the region directly above

the conductor and to reduce the flux density in the region directly below the

conductor.

It is found that a force acts on the conductor, trying to push the

conductor downwards as shown by the arrow. If the current in the conductor

N S

is reversed, the strengthening of flux lines occurs below the conductor, and

the conductor will be pushed upwards (figure-IV).

Now consider a single turn coil carrying a current as shown in the

above figure. in view of the reasons given above, the coil side A will be

forced to move downwards, whereas the coil side B will be forced to move

upwards. The forces acting on the coil sides A and B will be of same

magnitude. But their direction is opposite to one another. As the coil is

wound on the armature core which is supported by the bearings, the

armature will now rotate. The commutator periodically reverses the

direction of current flow through the armature. Therefore the armature will

have a continuous rotation.

A simplified model of such a motor is shown in figure VI. The

conductors are wound over a soft iron core. DC supply is given to the field

poles for producing flux. The conductors are connected to the DC supply

through brushes

Let's start by looking at the overall plan of a simple 2-pole DC electric

motor. A simple motor has 6 parts, as shown in the diagram below.

An armature or rotor

A commutator

Brushes

An axle

A field magnet

A DC power supply of some sort

An electric motor is all about magnets and magnetism: a motor uses

magnets to create motion. If you have ever played with magnets you know

about the fundamental law of all magnets: Opposites attract and likes repel.

So if you have 2 bar magnets with their ends marked north and south, then

the North end of one magnet will attract the South end of the other. On the

other hand, the North end of one magnet will repel the North end of the

other (and similarly south will repel south). Inside an electric motor these

attracting and repelling forces create rotational motion.

In the diagram above and below you can see two magnets in the

motor, the armature (or rotor) is an electromagnet, while the field magnet is

a permanent magnet (the field magnet could be an electromagnet as well, but

in most small motors it is not to save power).

WORKING PRINCIPLE

WORKING PRINCIPLE

This project consists of

ST

Initially the job is placed in the belt . A I R sensor and the

inductive sensor is mounted at the centre of the belt conveyor. The both

inductive sensor and IR sensor rays are intruppted by the job and

correspondingly sends the signal to the microcontroller. Without this IR

signal the job will not move. The inductive sensor is used for detecting iron

material.The conveyor belt starts forward or reverse only depends on this

inductive sensor. The IR sensor is used for detecting the presence of any

material object in the conveyor. When both the sensor are not sensing, the

belt moves in forward direction and also allow the object to the other end of

the conveyor . The double acting cylinder is actuated by the controller , and

Controller unit

24DC MOTOR Forward

INDUCTIVE SENSOR

START

STOP

IR SENSOR

SOLENOID VALVE

eject the job from the conveyor when the iron material is detected by the

inductive sensor.

ELECTRICAL CIRCUIT DETAILS

ELECTRICAL CIRCUIT DETAIL

1. Micro controller system

2. Interface Circuit

3. Power supply (230V A.C. to 12 V and 5V DC)

MICRO CONTROLLER SYSTEM:

This system monitors the engine condition by using PIC 16F870 (28

pin IC Package) micro controller. The pin details of micro controller are

shown in figure.

The circuit diagram for this micro controller board is shown below,

the LDR sensor is connected to PORTA (i.e)pin no 2&5.The pin no 1 is

RESET switch..The bulbs are connected to port B .

POWER SUPPLY UNIT

INTRODUCTION:

All the electronic components starting from diode to Intel IC’s only

work with a DC supply ranging from +5V to +12V. We are utilizing for the

same, the cheapest and commonly available energy source of 230V-50Hz

and stepping down, rectifying, filtering and regulating the voltage.

STEP DOWN TRANSFORMER:

When AC is applied to the primary winding of the power transformer,

it can either be stepped down or stepped up depending on the value of DC

needed. In our circuit the transformer of 230V/15-0-15V is used to perform

the step down operation where a 230V AC appears as 15V AC across the

secondary winding. Apart from stepping down voltages, it gives isolation

between the power source and power supply circuitries.

RECTIFIER UNIT:

In the power supply unit, rectification is normally achieved using a

solid state diode. Diode has the property that will let the electron flow easily

in one direction at proper biasing condition. As AC is applied to the diode,

electrons only flow when the anode and cathode is negative. Reversing the

polarity of voltage will not permit electron flow. A commonly used circuit

for supplying large amounts of DC power is the bridge rectifier. A bridge

rectifier of four diodes (4 x IN4007) are used to achieve full wave

rectification. Two diodes will conduct during the negative cycle and the

other two will conduct during the positive half cycle, and only one diode

conducts. At the same time one of the other two diodes conducts for the

negative voltage that is applied from the bottom winding due to the forward

bias for that diode. In this circuit due to positive half cycle D1 & D2 will

conduct to give 0.8V pulsating DC. The DC output has a ripple frequency

of 100Hz. Since each alteration produces a resulting output pulse, frequency

= 2 x 50 Hz. The output obtained is not a pure DC and therefore filtration

has to be done.

The DC voltage appearing across the output terminals of the bridge

rectifier will be somewhat less than 90% of the applied rms value. Normally

one alteration of the input voltage will reverse the polarities. Opposite ends

of the transformer will therefore always be 180 degree out of phase with

each other. For a positive cycle, two diodes are connected to the positive

voltage at the top winding.

FILTERING CIRCUIT:

Filter circuits which is usually capacitor acting as a surge arrester

always follow the rectifier unit. This capacitor is also called as a decoupling

capacitor or a bypassing capacitor, is used not only to ‘short’ the ripple with

frequency of 120Hz to ground but also to leave the frequency of the DC to

appear at the output. A load resistor R1 is connected so that a reference to

the ground is maintained. C1, R1 is for bypassing ripples. C2, R2 is used as

a low pass filter, i.e. it passes only low frequency signals and bypasses high

frequency signals. The load resistor should be 1% to 2.5% of the load.

1000f/25V : for the reduction of ripples from the pulsating

10f/25V : for maintaining the stability of the voltage at the load side.

0.1f : for bypassing the high frequency disturbances

BLOCK DIAGRAM FOR POWER SUPPLY

STEP DOWN BRIDGE POSITIVETRANSFORMER RECTIFIER CHARGE

CAPACITOR

5V 12V REGULATOR REGULATOR

MOTHER DISPLAY BOARD BOARD RELAY

VOLTAGE REGULATOR:

The voltage regulators play an important role in any power supply

unit. The primary purpose of a regulator is to aid the rectifier and filter

circuit in providing a constant DC voltage to the device. Power supplies

without regulators have an inherent problem of changing DC voltage values

due to variations in the load or due to fluctuations in the AC linear voltage.

With a regulator connected to the DC output, the voltage can be maintained

within a close tolerant region of the desired output. IC7812 and 7912 is

used in this project for providing +12V and 12V DC supply.

SPECIFICATION:

Resistors R1 and R2 maintain line load regulation.

At the secondary side of the transformer, applied vlltage = 15V

Conducting drop across the diodes = 2 * 0.6 = 1.2V

Without capacitor:

Vavg = (15-1.2)V = 13.8c pulsating DC

Frequency = 100Hz

With capacitor:

V = Vavg * 1.414 (form factor) = 19.51V

Frequency = 0 Hz

with 7812 voltage regulator:

V0 = +12V

with 7912 voltage regulator: V0 = -12V

INTRODUCTION TO

PNEUMATICS

INTRODUCTION TO PNEUMATICS

In engineering field may Machines make use of a fluid or compressed air to

develop a force to move or hold an object

A system which is operated by compressed air is known as Pneumatic

System. It is most widely used the work Piece turning drilling sawing etc.

By the use of Pneumatic System the risk of explosion on fire with

compressed air is minimum high working speed and simple in construction.

PNEUMATIC COMPONENTS

In engineering field, many machines make use of fluid for developing

a force to move or hold an object. A number of fluid can be used in

devices and system. Two commonly used fluids are oil and compressed

air. A system which is operated by compressed air. A system which is

operated by compressed air is known as pneumatic system.

AIR COMPRESSOR

Compressor is a device which gets air fro the atmosphere and

compresses it for increasing the pressure of air. Thus the compressed air.

Thus the compressed air used for many application.

The compression process requires work in put. Hence a compressor is

driven by a prime mover. Generally an electric motor is used as prime

mover. The compressed air from compressor is stored in vessel called

reservoir. Fro reservoir it be conveyed to the desired place through pipe

lines.

2. FLTER

In pneumatic system, an air filter is used to remove all foreign matter.

An air filter dry clean air to flow without resistance various materials are

used for the filter element. The air may be passed thorugh a piece metal, a

pours stone felt resin impregnated paper. In some filters centrifugal action

or cyclone action is used to remove foreign matters.

3. PRESSURE REGULATOR

Constant pressure level is required for the trouble free operation of a

pneumatic control., A pressure regulator is fitted downstream of the

compressed air filter. It provides a constant set pressure at the outlet of the

outlet of the regulator. The pressure regulator is also called as pressure

reducing valve or pressure regulating valve.

4. LUBRICATOR

The purpose of an air lubricator is to provide the pneumatic

components with sufficient lubricant. These lubricants must reduce the wear

of the moving parts reduce frictional forces and protect the equipment from

corrosion.

Care should be taken to ensure that sufficient lubrication is provided.

But excessive lubrication should be avoided. .

5. FLR Package (or) FRL Package

The air service unit is a combination of following units.

1. Compressed air filter

2. Compressed air regulator

3. Compressed air lubricator

Air Filter, regulator and lubricator are connected together with close

nipples as one package. This unit is know as FLR (Filter, regulator,

lubricator.)

6. PRESSURE CONTROL VALVE :

Each hydraulic system is used to operate in a certain pressure range.

Higher pressure causes damage of components. To avoid this pressure

control valves are fitted in the circuits.

7. Direction control valve :

Directional control valves are used to control the direction of flow.

The design principle is a major factor with regard to service life actuating

force switching times etc.

8. Piston and Cylinder

single acting pneumatic cylinder;

PNEUMATIC CITCUIT SYMBOL FOR SINGLE ACTING PNEUMATIC CYLINDER;

Pneumatic cylinders (sometimes known as air cylinders) are mechanical

devices which produce force, often in combination with movement, and are

powered by compressed gas (typically air).

To perform their function, pneumatic cylinders impart a force by converting

the potential energy of compressed gas into kinetic energy. This is achieved

by the compressed gas being able to expand, without external energy input,

which itself occurs due to the pressure gradient established by the

compressed gas being at a greater pressure than the atmospheric pressure.

This air expansion forces a piston to move in the desired direction. The

piston is a disc or cylinder, and the piston rod transfers the force it develops

to the object to be moved.

When selecting a pneumatic cylinder, you must pay attention to:

how far the piston extends when activated, known as "stroke"

surface area of the piston face, known as "bore size"

action type

pressure rating, such as "50 PSI"

type of connection to each port, such as "1/4" NPT"

must be rated for compressed air use

mounting method

Types

Although pneumatic cylinders will vary in appearance, size and function,

they generally fall into one of the specific categories shown below. However

there are also numerous other types of pneumatic cylinder available, many

of which are designed to fulfill specific and specialised functions.

Single acting cylinders

Single acting cylinders (SAC) use the pressure imparted by compressed air

to create a driving force in one direction (usually out), and a spring to return

to the "home" position

Double acting cylinders

Double Acting Cylinders (DAC) use the force of air to move in both extend

and retract strokes. They have two ports to allow air in, one for outstroke

and one for instroke.

Other types

Although SACs and DACs are the most common types of pneumatic

cylinder, the following types are not particularly rare:

Rotary air cylinders: actuators that use air to impart a rotary motion

Rodless air cylinders: These have no piston rod. They are actuators

that use a mechanical or magnetic coupling to impart force, typically

to a table or other body that moves along the length of the cylinder

body, but does not extend beyond it.

Sizes

Air cylinders are available in a variety of sizes and can typically range from

a small 2.5 mm air cylinder, which might be used for picking up a small

transistor or other electronic component, to 400 mm diameter air cylinders

which would impart enough force to lift a car. Some pneumatic cylinders

reach 1000 mm in diameter, and are used in place of hydraulic cylinders for

special circumstances where leaking hydraulic oil could impose an extreme

hazard.

Pressure, radius, area and force relationships

Although the diameter of the piston and the force exerted by a cylinder are

related, they are not directly proportional to one another. Additionally, the

typical mathematical relationship between the two assumes that the air

supply does not become saturated. Due to the effective cross sectional area

reduced by the area of the piston rod, the instroke force is less than the

outstroke force when both are powered pneumatically and by same supply of

compressed gas.

The relationship, between force on outstroke, pressure and radius, is as

follows:

This is derived from the relationship, between force, pressure and effective

cross-sectional area, which is:

F = p A\,

With the same symbolic notation of variables as above, but also A represents

the effective cross sectional area.

On instroke, the same relationship between force exerted, pressure and

effective cross sectional area applies as discussed above for outstroke.

However, since the cross sectional area is less than the piston area the

relationship between force, pressure and radius is different. The calculation

isn't more complicated though, since the effective cross sectional area is

merely that of the piston less that of the piston rod.

For instroke, therefore, the relationship between force exerted, pressure,

radius of the piston, and radius of the piston rod, is as follows:

Where:

F represents the force exerted

r1 represents the radius of the piston

r2 represents the radius of the piston rod

π is pi, approximately equal to 3.14159.

VALVE CONNECTORS;

POLYURETHANE TUBE ; shortly say PUN tube;

Manual operations involving heavy lifting. Pushing or pulling

motions can be firing for the operations and can induce a monotony which

results in lowered production. Cylinders have been designed to carry out

these movements with a pre – determined force and stroke and can be fitted

to synchronize with operation cycles of many machines it is worth wile to

examine the existing plan and methods of movement and to consider the

numberous mechanical applications which the range of pneumatic cylinders

make possible. Quality is to keynote of air cylinder. Engineer them into

you production setup to get the last ounce of power, speed and efficiency to

save time, space and money.

Piston is cylinder part which moves in a cylinder have corresponding

hole on it. To make the strokes effective there is no gap between them or

with a very tiny gap, part of the micron. The cylinder and its piston have a

glazing surface where there is a contact between them for easy motion of

piston and avoiding wear and tear of both. The outer side of the cylinder

have mountings consists of plate and studs attached with it. But the of these

mountings, the cylinder and piston assembly can fitted on any place of the

piston have threads on it for fastening the other parts (or) accessories

according the operating performed and the application required. We can fit

holding devices, Clamping materials or other metal cutting and forming

ports with which can be movable with the piston.

Pneumatics are used practically in every industry for a wide variety of

manufacturing process, pneumatics equipments are used for multiple

reasons. The best reason is that it is air powered ordinary air turns out to be

very excellent as a fluid power components.

Solenoid Valve :

In order to automate the air flow in our system we have to provide an

electrically controlled valves. Electrical devices can provide more effective

control, less expensive interlocks having many additional safety features and

simplified automatic sequencing when a machine must operate in a

hazardous area, remote actuation is a desirable. The operator can provide

satisfactory control though electrical devices from a remote point with in a

safe area, uding a semi automatic system and these electrical flow control

devices are also in use in full automation by providing proper action signals.

Push and pull actuation can be priced b solenoids. These movements

are used to open and close the pop pet type valves. These actuations are

done according to the signals given to the solenoid coil when the decided by

the program. The outlet of solenoid coil when the decided by the program,.

The outlet of solenoid valve is connected to a spray gun, which is going to

spray the paint.

SOLENOID OPERATED VALVES:

Solenoid valves are electromechanical devices like relays and

contractors. A solenoid valve is used to obtain mechanical movement in

machinery by utilizing fluid or air pressure. The fluid or air pressure is

applied to the cylinder piston through a valve operated by a cylindrical

electrical coil. The electrical coil along with its frame and plunger is known

as the solenoid and the assembly of solenoid and mechanical valve is known

as solenoid valve. The solenoid valve is thus another important

electromechanical device used in control of machines. Solenoid valves are

of two types,

1. Single solenoid spring return operating valve,(5/2)

2. Double solenoid operating valve.

In fig 1 is shown a single solenoid spring return valve in its de-energized

condition. The symbol for the solenoid and the return are also shown. The

solenoid valve is shown connected to the cylinder to help readers understand

the solenoid valve action. In the de energized condition, the plunger and the

valve spool position as shown in figure 1.

5/2 WAY VALVE

In this position of spool, port P is connected to port A and port B is

connected to tank or exhaust (i.e. atmosphere) if air is used. Spring pressure

(S) keeps the spool in this condition as long as the coil is de energized.

Fluid pressure from port P through port A is applied to the left side of the

cylinder piston. Thus the cylinder piston moves in the right direction. Now

when the solenoid coil is energized, plunger is attracted and it pushes the

spool against spring pressure.

The new position of plunger and spool are shown in fig 2.

In this position of spool, port A gets connected to tank and port P gets

connected to port B. Thus pressure is applied to the cylinder piston from

right and moves the piston rod to the left. At the same time fluid in the other

side is drained out to the tank. When the solenoid coil is again de energized,

the spring (S) will move the spool to its original position as shown in figure

1. Thus, normally when the solenoid coil is de energized the piston rod

remains extended.

LIST OF MATERIALS

LIST OF MATERIALS

Sl. No. COMPONENT MATERIAL QUANTITY No.

1. L- PLATE MILS STEEL 1

2. DC MOTOR 24VDC 1

3. PULLEY STEEL 2

4. NYLON BELT NYLON 1

COST ESTIMATION

COST ESTIMATION

Sl. No. COMPONENT MATERIAL QUANTITY COST

1. L CLAMP MILD STEEL 2 200

2. MOTOR ----- 1 1000

3. NYLON BELT --------------- 1 400

4 SENSOR 2 1300

5. PULLEYS (TWO) STEEL 2 600

6. CONTROL SYSTEM 1 2500.00

TOTAL …….. …… 6000

CONCLUSION

CONCLUSION

We make this project entirely different from other projects. Since concepts

involved in our project is entirely different that a single unit is used to

various purposes, which is not developed by any of other team members.

By doing this project we gained the knowledge of control system and

how automation can be effectively done with microcontroller.

It is concluded that any automation system can be done with the help

of micro controller.

We have successfully completed the project work on at our Institute.

By doing this project work, we understood the working principle and

uses of various controls, sensors, switches, relays etc.

It will be of no doubt that microcontroller system will be an

integrated part of any automation process in any industry.

Once again we express our sincere thanks to our staff members.

BIBLOGRAPHY

BIBILOGRAPHY

WORKSHOP : W.J. CHAPMAN

PRODUCTION TECHNOLOGY : R.K. JAIN

PRODUCTION TECHNOLOGY : R.K. JAIN & S.C. QUPTA

METAL FORMING PROCESS : R.S. KURMI

MANUFACTURING PROCESS : K. RAMACHANDRAN

MACHINE SHOP TECHNOLOGY : S.S. MANIAN & RAJAGOPAL & G. BALAJI SINGH

DESIGN OF MACHINE ELEMENTS : R.S. KURMI & P.N. VENKATESAN

DESIGN OF MACHINE ELEMENTS : RAMACHANDRAN

DESIGN DATA BOOK : P.S.G. COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY