Conversions(ORGANIC)

8/22/2019 Conversions(ORGANIC)

1/8

ClassXII ORGANIC CONVERSIONS

Ascent of Series

Organic compound

R X

Alkyl halide

alc. KCNR CN

Nitrile

LiAlH 4

ReductionR CH2 NH2

Primary amine

HNO2

( NaNO2 & HCl )

R CH2 OH

Primary alcohol

Hydrolysis

OH3+

RCOOH

Carboxy lic acid

Oxidation

Descent of Series

Organic compound

RCOOHCarboxy lic acid

NH3 RCONH2 Acid amide

Br2

KOH

R NH2Amine

HNO2( NaNO2

& HCl )

R OH

Primary alcohol

OxidationCarboxy lic acid

or aldehyde

For aromatic conversion take the help of benzenediazonium chloride

Ethyne into benzene3 CH CH

Red-Hot-Cu Tube

Ethene into benzene

CH2 CH2Br2 H2C CH2

Br Br

Alc. KOH

Polymerisation

CH CHRed-Hot-Cu Tube

Polymerisation

Hexane into benzeneCH3

CH2

CH3

CH2

H2C

H2C

Cr2O7 / V2O5 / Mo2O3

773 K / 10-20 atm. ( - H2 )

Hexane Cyclohexane Benzene

3 H2

Aromatisation

Benzene into p-nitrobromobenzene

Br2 / FeBr3Br

HNO3 / H2SO4BrO2N

Benzene into m-nitrochlorobenzeneHNO3 / H2SO4

NO2

Cl2 / FeCl3

NO2

Cl

Benzene into p-nitrotoluene

CH3Cl / anhy. AlCl 3CH3

HNO3 / H2SO4 CH3O2N

Benzene into Acetophenone

CH3 C Cl

O

+Anhy. AlCl 3

CCH3

O

Ethanol into but-1-yneCH3CH2OH

SOCl 2

( Pyridine )CH3CH2Cl

CH CNa

NaCl

CH CCH 2CH3

Ethane to Bromoethene

CH3 CH3Br2

CH3CH2BrAlc. KOH

CH2 CH2Br2 H2C CH2

Br Br

Alc. KOHCH2 CH Br

Propene into 1-nitropropane

CH3 CH CH2BrH

( Peroxide )

AgNO 2

AgBrCH3 CH2 CH2 Br CH3 CH2 CH 2 NO 2

CH3 COOHaq NaOH CH3 COONa

Sodalime CH4

/ hCl2 CH3 ClNa / Dryether

CH3 CH3

/ hCl 2

CH2CH3

ClAlc. KOH

CH2 CH2Br2

H2C CH2

Br Br

Alc. KOHCH2 CH Br

NaNH 2CH CH

Red hot iron tube

873 K

Ethanoic acid into Benzene


2/8


Toluene into Benzyl alcohol

CH3 CH2

ClCl 2 / Boil

HCl

Aq. KOHCH2

OH

Propene into Propyne

CH3 CH CH2CH3 C CHCH3 HC CH2

BrBr

alc. KOHBr2CCl 4 NaNH 2

Ethanol into Fluoroethane

CH3 CH2 OHSOCl 2

( Pyridine )

Hg2F2

Hg2Cl 2CH3 CH2 Cl CH3 CH2 F

Bromomethane into PropanoneCH3Br

Alc. KCN CH3MgBr

KBr ( ether )CH3CN

CH3 C

CH3

NMgBrH2O / H

+

CH3 C

CH3

O

But-1-ene into But-2-ene

CH3 CH2 CH CH2HBr CH3 CH2 HC CH3

Br

alc. KOHCH3 CH CH CH3

1- Chlorobutane into n- OctaneCH3 CH2 CH2 CH2 Cl 2 Na

Dry ether

( Wurtz reaction )+ CH3 ( CH2 )6 CH3

Benzene into Biphenyl Br2 / FeBr32 Br

Na / Dryether

Propene into Propan-1-ol CH3 CH CH2HBr

Peroxide

Aq. KOHCH3 CH2 CH2 Br CH3 CH2 CH2 OH

1- Bromopropane into 2-BromopropaneCH3 CH2 CH2 Br CH3 CH CH2

alc. KOH HBr CH3 CH CH3

Br

Benzyl alcohol into 2-Phenylethanoic acid

CH2OH SOCl2 KCN H2O / H

+

CH2Cl

CH2CN

CH2COOH

Ethanol into PropanenitrileCH3 CH2 OH

SOCl 2

( Pyridine )CH3 CH2 Cl

KCNCH3 CH2 CN

Aniline into ChlorobenzeneNH2 N2

+Cl Cl

-NaNO2 / HCl CuCl / HCl

2-Chlorobutane into 3,4-Dimethylhexane

CH3 CH2 CH

CH3

Cl CH3 CH2 CH

CH3

CH

CH3

CH2 CH3Na / Dryether

2

2-Methylpropene into 2-Chloro- 2-methylpropaneCH3 C CH2

CH3

CH3 C CH3

CH3

Cl

ClH

CH3 CH2 Cl CH3 CH2 CNCH3 CH2 COOH

H2O / H+

KCN

But-1-ene into n-butyliodide

CH3 CH2 CH CH2BrH

CH3 CH2 CH2 CH2 BrNaI

CH3 CH2 CH2 CH2 IPeroxide Acetone

2-Chloropropane into Propan-1-olCH CH3

Cl

CH3alc. KOH CH CH2CH3

B2H6

H2O2 / OH CH3 CH2 CH2 OH

Isopropyl alcohol into IdoformCH CH

3

OH

CH3

I2 / Na 2CO3 CHI 3CH3COONa

Ethylchloride into Propanoic acid

Chlorobenzene into p-nitrophenolCl OH OHO2NNaOH

HNO3 / H2SO4

623 K / 300 atm.


3/8


2- Bromopropane into 1-BromopropaneCH CH3

Br

CH3 CH CH2CH3

BrH

PeroxideCH3 CH2 CH2 Br

alc. KOH

tert.butyl bromide into Isobutyl bromide

C CH3

Br

CH3

CH3

C CH2CH3

CH3

CH CH2

CH3

CH3 BrBrH

Peroxidealc. KOH

NH2 NCAniline into Phenylisocyanide

CHCl3 3 KOH( w arm ) 3 KCl 3 H2O+ + ++

Propene into Propan-2-olCH3 CH CH2

BrHCH3 CH CH3

Braq. KOH

CH3 CH CH3

OH

Benzyl chloride into Benzyl alcohol CH2 Claq. KOH

CH2 OH

Ethylmagnesium chloride into Propan-1-ol

CH3 CH2 MgCl H C H

O

+ CH3 CH2 CH2 OMgClH2O / H

+

CH3 CH2 CH2 OH

Methylmagnesium bromide into 2-Methylpropan-2-ol

CH3MgBr + CH3 C CH3O

CH3 C CH3

OMgBr

CH3

H2O / H+

CH3 C CH3

OH

CH3

Butan-1-ol into Butanoic acid CH3CH2CH2CH2OH CH3CH2CH2COOHJones reagent ( CrO3 - H2SO4 )

Benzyl alcohol into phenylethanoic acid

CH2 OHHBr

CH2 BrKCN

CH2 CNH3O

+

CH2 COOH

3-Nitrobromobenzene into 3-Nitrobenzoic acid

Br

O2N

Mg

Ether

Mg Br

O2N

COOMgBr

O2N

CO2

( Dry ice )

KMnO 4 / KOH

H3O+

COOH

O2N

4-Methylacetophenone into Benzene-1,4-dicarboxylic acid

COCH 3CH3 COOKKOOCdil. H2SO4

COOHHOOC

Cyclohexene into Hexane-1,6-dioic acidKMnO4 - H2SO4

Heat

COOH

COOH Adipic acid

Butanal into Butanoic acid CH3 CH2 CH2 CHOTollen's reagent

CH3 CH2 CH2 COOH

Ethylbenzene into Benzoic acid

Acetophenone into Benzoic acid

Bromobenzene into Benzoic acid

Phenylethene ( Styrene )

into Benzoic acid

CH2CH3 COOHCOOKKMnO 4 / KOH H3O

+

COCH 3KMnO 4 / KOH

COOKH3O

+

COOH

BrMg

Mg BrC O

O

C

O

OMg Br

OH2 COOH

CH

CH2

COOHCOOKH3O

+KMnO 4 / KOH

Ethanal into Butane-1,3-diol

CH3 CHOdil. NaOH HC CH2 CHO

OH

CH3LiAlH4

CH CH2 CH2

OH

CH3

OH


4/8


Ethanal into But-2-enal

CH3 CHOdil. NaOH HC CH2 CHO

OH

CH3

Heat

H2OCH CH CHOCH3

Ethanal into But-2-enoic acid

CH3 CHOdil. NaOH

CH CH2 CHO

OH

CH3

HeatH2O

CH CH CHOCH3Tollen's reagent

CH CH COOHCH3

Benzene into methylbenzoateCH3Cl

Anhy. AlCl3

CH3

KMnO4 / OH

COOH

CH3OH

( H2SO4 )

COOCH3

Benzene into m-Nitrobenzoic acid

CH3 NO2

CH3Cl

Anhy. AlCl3

CH3

KMnO4 / OH

COOH

HNO3

H2SO4

COOH

NO2

CH3Cl

Anhy. AlCl3

CH3HNO 3

H2SO4

KMnO4 / OH

HOOC NO2

Benzene into Phenylacetic acid

Benzene into p-Nitrobenzaldehyde

CH3Cl

Anhy. AlCl3

CH3Cl2 / Boil

CH2ClKCN

CH2CN

OH2 H+

/

CH2COOH

CH3 NO2

CH3Cl

Anhy. AlCl3

CH3HNO 3

H2SO4OHC NO2

OH3+

CrO2Cl2 / C S2

Propanone into propeneCH3 C CH3

O

HC CH3

OH

CH3CH3 CH CH2

LiAlH4 H2SO4 (conc.)

Heat

Propanal into butanone

CH3CH2CHO CH3 CH2 CH CH3

OH

CH3 CH2 C CH3

O

CH3MgBr

OH2 H+

/

K2Cr2O7 / H2SO4

Ethanol into 3-hydroxybutanal

CH3CH2OH CH3CHO HC CH2 CHO

OH

CH3Dil. NaOH

Aldolcondensation

Anhydrous CrO3

Benzaldehyde into benzophenone CHOK2Cr2O7 / H2SO4

COOHCa(OH)2

Heat

C

O

Benzaldehyde into 3-phenylpropan-1-olCHO

CH3CHOdil.NaOH

( Cross aldolcondensation )+CH CH CHO

NaBH4 / CH3OH

H2 / NiCH2 CH2 CH2 OH

CHO

CH3CHOdil.NaOH

( Cross aldolcondensation )+CH CH CHO CH CH CH2 OH

Benzaldehyde into 3-phenylprop-2-en-1-ol

Benzaldehyde into -Hydroxyphenylacetic acid

CH

O

+ HCNCH

OH

COOHCH

OH

CNH2O / H

+

Benzoic acid into m-Nitrobenzyl alcohol

OR Cu / 573 K

COOH

HNO3 / H2SO4

COOH

NO2

B2H6 / H3O+

CH2 OH

NO2

Benzene into

p-Nitrobenzoic acid

Benzoic acid into BenzaldehydeSOCl2

Pd / BaSO4

Rosenmund reduction

CHOCOClCOOH


5/8


Benzene into m-NitroacetophenoneCH3COCl / AlCl3

C

O

CH3 C

O

CH3

O2N

HNO3 / H2SO4

Bromobenzene into 1-Phenylethanol

BrMg

Mg BrCH3 C

O

HCH CH3

O-

MgBr+

CH CH3

OH

OH3+

Chloroethane into propan-1-amineCH3 CH2 Cl

Ethanolic NaCNCH3 CH2 C N

CH3 CH2 CH2 NH2LiAlH 4

Reduction

Chlorophenylmethane into 2-Phenylethanamine

CH2 ClCH2 C N CH2 CH2 NH2

H2 / N i

ReductionEthanolic NaCN

Benzene into AnilineNO2

NH2HNO3 / H2SO4 Sn / HCl

Reduction

Benzene into N,N-dimethylaniline

NO2NH2

HNO3 / H2SO4 Sn / HCl

Reduction

CH3BrN

CH3

CH3

1,6-Dichlorobutane into hexane-1,6-diamine

Cl ( CH2 )4 ClKCN NC ( CH2 )4 CN

H2NH2C ( CH2 )4 CH2NH2LiAlH 4

4-Nitrotoluene into 2- bromobenzoic acidCH3

NO2

CH3

NO2

Br

CH3

NH2

Br

CH3

N

Br

N+

Cl

CH3

Br

COOH

BrBr2 Sn / HCl NaNO2 / HCl

273-278 K OH2

H3PO2 KMnO 4

OH

3-Methylaniline into 3-nitrotoluene

Aniline into 1,3,5-tribromobenzene

NH2

CH3

N2 Cl

CH3

N2

BF4

CH3

NO2

CH3

+ --+

NaNO2 HCl+ HBF4NaNO2

Cu

NH2

NH2

BrBr

Br

N2 Cl

BrBr

Br

BrBr

Br

H3PO2

+ -

NaNO2 HCl+aq. Br2

Hexanenitrile into 1-aminopentane

Methanol into ethanoic acid

CH3 ( CH2)4 C N

OH2 OH-

H2O2

/CH

3( CH

2)4

CONH2

Br2 4 KOH+ CH3

( CH2

)3

CH2

NH2

CH3 OHSOCl2 CH3 Cl CH3 CN

H+

CH3COOHOH2 /KCN

Etahnamine into methanamine

CH3CH2NH2NaNO2 HCl

( HNO 2 )

+ CH3CH2OHKMnO 4

OHCH3COOH

NH3

CH3CONH2

Br2 4 KOH+CH3NH2

Ethanoic acid into Propanoic acid

Methanamine into ethanamineCH3NH2

NaNO2 HCl

( HNO 2 )

+ CH3 OHSOCl2 CH3 Cl

KCNCH3 CN

LiAlH 4 CH3CH2NH2

B2H6 / H3O+

CH3COOH CH3CH2OHSOCl2 CH3CH2Cl

KCNCH3CH2CN

H+OH2 / CH3CH2COOH

Propanoic acid into ethanoic acidCH3CH2COOH

NH3

CH3CH2CONH2

Br2 4 KOH+CH3CH2NH2

NaNO2 HCl

( HNO 2 )+ CH3CH2OH

KMnO 4

OHCH3COOH


6/8


Nitromethane into dimethylamine

Ethanoic acid into methanamineCH3COOH CH3CONH 2

CH3NH2NH3

Br2 4 KOH+ + K2CO3 2 KBr 2 H2O+ +

CH3NO2 CH3NH2 (CH3)2NHCH3 ClSn / HCl

6 [H]

Nitrobenzene into benzoic acid

Benzene into m-bromophenol

Benzoic acid into aniline

Aniline into 2,4,6-tribromofluorobenzene

Benzyl chloride into 2- Phenylethanamine

Chlorobenzene into p-Chloroaniline

Aniline into p-Bromoaniline

Benzamide into toluene

Aniline into benzyl alcohol

NO2 COOHC NN2 Cl

NH2

Sn / HCl NaNO2 / HCl

273-278 KCuCN H

+OH2 /

COOHNH3

CONH2

Br2 4 KOH+ NH2

CONH2Br2 / KOH NH2

NaNO2 / HCl

273-278 KN2 Cl+

+

H3PO2 / H2O CH3Cl

Anhyd . A lCl3CH3

NH2( CH3CO )2O

Pyridine

Br2

CH3COOH

H+

OH-/

NH C CH3

O

NH C CH3

O

Br NH2Br

NH2

aq. Br2

NH2

Br Br

Br

NaNO2 / HCl

273-278 K

N2 Cl

Br Br

Br

+

HBF4

N2 BF 4

Br Br

Br

+

NaNO2

Cu

F

Br Br

Br

NaNO2 / HCl

273-278 KN2 Cl+ CuCN

CN

LiAlH4CH2NH2

NaNO2 / HClCH2OHNH2

NH2ClSn/ HCl

NO2ClClH2SO4

HNO3

H2SO4

HNO3

NO2

Br2

FeBr3

NO2

Br

Sn/ HCl

NH2

Br

NaNO2 / HCl

273-278 K

N2 Cl

Br

+

Boil H2O

OH

Br

CH2ClCH2CN CH2CH2NH2

KCN LiAlH4

m-Nitroaniline into m-ChloroiodobenzeneNO2

NH2

NO2

N2 Cl

NO2

Cl

NH2

Cl

N2 Cl

Cl

I

Cl

NaNO2 / HCl

273-278 K+

CuCl Sn/ HCl NaNO2 / HCl

273-278 K

+

KI / Heat

Aniline into Benzoic acid NaNO2 / HCl273-278 K

N2 Cl+ CuCN

CNNH2

H2O / H+

COOH

p-Chloroaniline into p-Chlorobenzylamine

NH2ClNaNO2 / HCl

273-278 KN2 ClCl+ CuCN

CNClLiAlH4 CH2NH2Cl

Toluene into m-BromotolueneCH3

H2SO4

HNO3

CH3

NO2

LiAlH4

CH3

NH2

( CH3CO )2 O

CH3

NHCOCH3

Pyridine

Br2

CH3COOH

CH3

NHCOCH3

Br

H2O / H+

CH3

NH2

Br

(i) Diazotisation

(ii) H3PO2 / H2O

CH3

Br

m- Dinitrobenzene into m-DichlorobenzeneNO2

NO2

NH2

NH2

N2 Cl

N2 Cl

Cl

Cl

CuCl

+

+

NaNO2 / HCl

273-278 KSn/ HCl


7/8



8/8


Conversions(ORGANIC)

Documents