Credit seminar Credit seminar SUBMITTED BY :- SUBMITTED BY :- SMIT R. LENDE SMIT R. LENDE Dept. of Dept. of Aquaculture Aquaculture
Credit seminarCredit seminarSUBMITTED BY :-SUBMITTED BY :- SMIT R. LENDESMIT R. LENDEDept. of Dept. of
Aquaculture Aquaculture
Aquaculture Global production of food fish from aquaculture,
reached 60 million tonnes in 2010 with estimated total value total value of US$ 119 billion (FAO, 2012).
Contribution of aquaculture to the total production of capture fisheries and aquaculture continued to grow, rising from 34.5 percent in 2006 to 36.9 percent in 2008.
More than 46 percent of the total global aquaculture production in 2008 was dependent upon the supply of external feed inputs.
• Protein is the most expensive part of fish feed.• Proteins are formed by linkages of individual amino
acids.• The 10 essential amino acids that must be supplied
by the diet are: methionine, arginine, threonine, tryptophan, histidine, isoleucine, lysine, leucine, valine and phenylalanine..
• Protein levels (Craig,2002) 32-38% Tilapia
18-20% Marine shrimp
28-32% Catfish
38-42% Hybrid striped bass
• Major fed fish and crustacean speciesGlobal Fed freshwater fishesFed diadromous fishesFed marine fishesFed freshwater crustaceans
• Estimated that the total global production of commercial aquaculture feeds was 29.2 million tonnes in 2008, including: Carp feeds - 9.1 million tonnes, or 31.3 percent total Marine shrimp feeds -5.1 million tonnes, or 17.3 percent Tilapia feeds -3.9 million tonnes, or 13.5 percent Catfish feeds -2.9 million tonnes, or 10.0 percent Marine fish feeds -2.4 million tonnes, or 8.3 percent Salmon feeds -2.0 million tonnes, or 7.0 percent Freshwater crustacean feeds -1.3 million tonnes, or 4.5 percent Trout feeds -880 000 tonnes, or 3.0 percent Milkfish feeds -568 000 tonnes, or 2.0 percent Eel feeds -403 000 tonnes, or 1.4 percent Miscellaneous freshwater fish feeds - 480 000 tonnes, or 1.6 percent
• Fish meal1. Marine shrimp – 27.2%2. Marine fish – 18.8 %3. Salmons-13.7%4. Fed carp – 7.4%5. Freshwater crustaceans -6.4%6. Trouts - 5.9%7. Catfishes – 5.5%8. Tilapia – 5.3%9. Eels -5.2%e10.Freshwater fishes - 3.9%11.Milkfish – 0.8%
• fish oil1. Marine shrimp – 12.9%2. Marine fish – 24.7 %3. Salmons-36.6%4. Fed carp – 0.0%5. Freshwater crustaceans -2.6%6. Trouts - 16.9%7. Catfishes – 0.0%8. Tilapia – 0.0%9. Eels -2.6%10.Freshwater fishes - 3.1%11.Milkfish – 0.7%
(FAO-2012)
Fish meal is the major protein source in aqua feeds
The total use of fishmeal by the aquaculture sector is expected to decrease in the long term.
The price of fish meal increased significantly to over US$ 1600 per metric ton in 2012 (FAO, 2012).
Urgent need to find alternative protein sources to make up for the shortage of fish meal
Alternatives for replacing fish meal
Aquatic
Fish silage
Crustacean meals
Zooplankton meals and oils
Aquatic weeds
Terrestrial
Meat by-product meals and fats
Poultry by-product meal,
Blood meals
Earthworm mill
Oilcake and meals
soybean , corn gluten
rapeseed/canola, cottonseed
,sunflower seed, groundnut/peanut ,
mustard oil cake,lupin kernel meal broad bean
meal
Cereal products
Rice, wheat,corn,sorghum,
millets
Pulses and protein concentrate meals
Peas , lupine
Microbial-derived feed ingredient sources for aquafeed include
Algae, Yeasts, Fungi,Bacteria and/or mixed bacterial/microbial single-cell protein sources.
• Reduce country dependence upon imported feed ingredient sources• Select feed ingredients that can be sustainably
produced and grow with the sector• Minimize environmental and ecosystem
impact of feeds and feeding regimes• Give special attention to small-scale farmers
using farm -made/semi-commercial aquafeeds