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Chapter-2 Conventional and Addressable fire alarm systems
2-1
Chapter-3 Conventional And Addressable Fire Alarm System
Fire alarm system (legal requirements)
(saving time) (money) fire alarm system conventional addressable
alarm systems
(main difference) addressable fire alarm systems activate
device
Addressable system device (own unique address) (detect ) devices
address main control panel
Conventional system activate device () -(zone-1) (loop)
-((zone-2)
Wiring differences alarm systems Addressable alarm system device
(loop) Device
control panel () (loop) () control panel (Both ends of the wire
loop connect to the control panel.)
Conventional alarm system device () control panel (one end of
the wire) device
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Fire Alarm Systems
2-2
control panel Device control panel (own wire) Addressable system
device
Conventional and addressable fire alarm system
Conventional alarm panel
device Addressable system (one wire loop) device Conventional
system
Addressable system Addressable alarm panel false alarm smoke
detector False alarm
(reliable) Addressable alarm panel (reliable) ()(both
end) control panel (one end of the loop) control panel
signal Loop isolation module Device circuit Conventional system
device System
Overall (functions) addressable fire alarm (superior)
conventional system Conventional system conventional system
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Chapter-2 Conventional and Addressable fire alarm systems
2-3
(customer requirements) (supervise installation of equipment)
(testing and commissioning of the system) (training of the
operating personnel) system design (optimum)
- Addressable fire alarm system schematic
- Analogue addressable fire alarm system schematic
Fundamental configuration Fire alarm control panel system
Input system integrity output relay control
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Fire Alarm Systems
2-4
- Conventional Fire Alarm Systems
Conventional Fire Alarm Systems Conventional fire alarm
system
(reliability) Conventional system Conventional fire alarm system
(smaller systems) (budget constraints) (best choice)
Conventional fire alarm system Fire Alarm Control Panel (FACP)
('intelligence' of the system) conventional detector call psoint
signal alarm sounders remote signalling equipment (program) command
Signal
Fire control panel Conventional detector dedicated circuit
(zone) (area) circuit Conventional fire alarm system (maximum size)
code local standard Detector Normal healthy and Alarm (two
states)
- Addressable Fire Alarm System
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Chapter-2 Conventional and Addressable fire alarm systems
2-5
- Addressable Fire Alarm System
Addressable Fire Alarm System
Addressable fire alarm system (speed of detection)
(identification of the location of a fire) Addressable fire alarm
system (tolerance to faults in the system wiring) (single pair of
wires) device () (cost savings in the wiring of large systems)
addressable system conventional system Addressable fire alarm
system conventional system
Analogue Addressable Fire Alarm Systems Conventional system
analogue addressable fire alarm system
(adding more flexibility) intelligence (speed of identification)
control
.Analogue addressable fire alarm system (larger premises)
(complex system requirement)
Analogue addressable system detector (wired in a loop)
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Fire Alarm Systems
2-6
Analogue addressable fire alarm system control panel
detector
(communicate) (receives a status report) Detector (address)
control panel (display/ indicate the precise location) (location of
fire) Conventional system ('zoning' of the system) addressable
system
Addressable detector intelligent device (capable of reporting
fire or fault condition) Fire status fault status (Pre-alarm
warnings) (smoke) (heat) (preset level) (full evacuation sounder)
conventional addressable
MCP
Smoke detector bell (warehouse used for storage) () hand bell
system 230 volt break glass system
Analogue Fire Alarm systems
Analogue fire alarm system fire alarm panel (zone) detection
zone () bell zone () Detector circuit () () bell sounder circuit ()
()
Detection zone break glasses laser smoke heat detector radial
from fire alarm panel detect - detection
System (fire resistant cable) Bell circuit (standard cable)
Detection circuit system (fire resistant cable) (cable size)
detection circuit 1.5mm sounder circuit 2.5mm
Radial detection circuit end of line device (last device) EOL
circuit
Detector (unique address) (size of the system) (design
requirements) loop loop system
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Chapter-2 Conventional and Addressable fire alarm systems
2-7
circuit
Bell circuit bell Bell zone criss cross each other -Bell 1 -
Bell 2 - Bell 3 - Bell 4 - Criss cross bell circuit circuit bell
Bell circuit end of line device bell circuit End Of Line (EOL)
circuit monitor End Of Line (EOL) device
(in the event of a fire) device trigger Fire alarm panel
Addressable Fire Alarm systems Addressable fire alarm () ()
Loops for detection, and radials for the sounders Detection circuit
Loop sounder circuit radial
() Loops that can both act for detection and sounders together
Loops detection circuit sounders circuit
System (fire resistant cable) (cable size) 2.5mm
() Loops for detection, and radials for the sounders system
individual circuit ()(separate tasks)
loop panel smoke detector break glasses heat detector interfaces
panel Loop
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Fire Alarm Systems
2-8
isolating device isolator
Loop isolator circuit (protect the continuity of the
circuit)
Detection loop isolator device
Detection circuit isolated cable ( ) device (continuity) Device
address () detector mapping() Device address commissioning engineer
laptop PC
System loop () (minimum of two loops) loop device ()
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Chapter-2 Conventional and Addressable fire alarm systems
2-9
() Loops that can both act for detection and sounders together
system system sounders (Bell
circuit) (separate) circuit
loop (in the event of a fire) (capable of changing the polarity
of the circuit) - Detection mode (positive) (negative) Alarm
(negative) (positive) Circuit polarity
wiring diagram simple fire alarm system input loop (one closed,
one open)
Addressable combined fire and sound loop circuits
Addressable Fire Alarm Control Panels Addressable panel
conventional panel
(advanced) Information capacity Control flexibility Addressable
fire alarm panel (manufacturers) microcontroller
Signaling Line Circuits (SLC) Addressable fire alarm control
panel Signaling Line Circuit (SLC)
Loop Signaling Line Circuit loop Panel SLC ()
protocol Signaling Line Circuit monitor and control devices
Protocol detectors input/output module protocol 50% of channel
capacity detectors sensor 50% input output modules SLC device (Poll
) poll device (large system) Signaling Line Circuit (SLC)
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Fire Alarm Systems
2-10
Signaling Line Circuit device (own address) panel device (state
of each individual device)
(common) addressable input (initiating) device
() Heat Detectors (Rate of Rise and Fixed Temperature) () Manual
call points or manual pull stations () Notification appliances
(Simplex systems with TrueAlert signals only) () Smoke detectors ()
Flow control () Responders () Pressure () Fire sprinkler system
inputs () Isolate () Switches () Standard switches
Addressable output device relay Relay
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Chapter-2 Conventional and Addressable fire alarm systems
2-11
() (Warning system/Bell) Relays () Door holder relays ()
Auxiliary (control function) relays Relay (variety of functions)
control () (switching smoke fans on or off)
() (closing/opening doors)
() (activating fire suppression systems)
() Notification appliance activate (activating notification
appliances)
() Industrial equipment (shutting down industrial equipment)
() (lift-homing) (recalling elevators to a safe exit floor)
() fire alarm panel activate - alarm panel communicator
(activating another fire alarm panel or communicator)
Mapping Mapping input device active output device
relay activate logic (When an input device is activated, a
certain output device (or relay) is activated.)
Zones
device
Groups Group output device Relay single input smoke
detector or MCP (group ) output device map Program input output
(many inputs map to the same outputs) (group)
Boolean logic Boolean logic fire panel Panel
boolean logic panel device activate staged evacuation
procedure
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Fire Alarm Systems
2-12
Networking panel input panel output activate
panel system networking system (monitor) (monitoring) Networking
is often used in situations where one panel is not large enough, or
in multiple-building situations. fire alarm panel networking
integrate
Networking fire alarm panel offline fire alarm system Fire alarm
panel (failure) (maintenance) Hardware software architectures
sub-network network system (training)
protocols BACnet industrial net work Mircom BACnet inteface fire
alarm control panel
Interconnected system fire alarm control panel HVAC, Building
Automation Controllers, Security/Access Control or Elevator
Controllers Interoperable system (long term maintenance cost)
(emergency response)
Arcnet protocol (industrial applications) Fire Alarm Control
Panels networking
panel standard Ethernet proprietary protocol Bridging layer
Proprietary network BACnet network
Networking fire alarm panel panel monitor
Monitoring International Building Code fire alarm sprinkler
system
approved supervising station (monitor)
Fire alarm system control (computer-based control) central
station fire alarm system
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Chapter-2 Conventional and Addressable fire alarm systems
2-13
UL listed FM Global (approved) supervising station (monitor)
feature LED
Building plan floor plan zone plan ire alarm panel System touch
screens mouse Touch screen misaligned and for mistakes
System functions Fire alarm panel function System Reset Reset
panel alarm condition initiating device
reset panel alarm condition Initiating device alarm System reset
- smoke detector (sense smoke) manual pull station activated
position system reset supervisory conditions clear system reset
trouble condition Ttrouble condition Device trouble condition
clear
UK most US panel "System Reset" "Silence" "Acknowledge"
Acknowledge Panel function "ACK" Alarm trouble
(abnormal situation) (Acknowledge)
Acknowledge(ACK) alarm
Drill Fire drill
Drill "manual evacuation" "evacuate" Drill function panel system
notification appliances activate Fire drill drill function Alarm
department monitoring center Fire drill
Signal Silence Alarm Silence" "Audible Silence" Fire alarm
system configuration
function system notification appliance audible alarm (silence)
Strobe light
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Fire Alarm Systems
2-14
(flash)
Audible silence (emergency responders) (easier communication)
(final full test) preliminary test
Lamp Test "Flash test" Fire alarm panel lamp test
function LED Code multi-zone panel lamp test system reset "Lamp
Test" (button)
Panel alerting Fire alarm panel (potentially serious
problem) panel alerting indicator LED Fire alarm panel
indicator
Alarm Alarm "Fire" "General Alarm" smoke detector heat
detector sprinkler flow switche manual pull station manual call
point activate fire alarm alarm (alarm condition)
Alarm horn strobe notification appliance activate fire alarm
panel (alarm originated)
Alarm device reset alarm panel reset - manual pull station
handle (normal position) reset
Audible silence Audible silence indicator "Alarm" indicator
Audible
silence fire alarm panel alarm condition notification appliance
(silence)
Alarm (alarm is silenced) alarm condition emergency service
elevator stairway pressurization function ventilation function
function Audible Silence alarm notification appliance
re-activate
Pre alarm
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Chapter-2 Conventional and Addressable fire alarm systems
2-15
system alarm pre alarm alarm alarm system two stage system pre
alarm LED device device alarm pre alarm alarm
(predetermined time limit) pre alarm full alarm
false alarm two stage system two stage system
prealarm LED device activate smoke detector prealarm full
alarm
system's layout prealarm condition NAC activate prealarm
condition alarm condition alarm signal NAC activate
voice evacuation system prealarm condition
Priority 2 alarm Priority 2 alarm "Security" terminal secondary
device
secondary device activate Priority 2 alarm LED
Secondary device security system building management system fire
alarm control panel device program panel alarms condition
Trouble Trouble LED "Fault" "Defect"
panel LED (steady) (flashing) trouble condition Trouble
condition smoke detector system electrical problem
disable (disconnected from the system) circuit disable (low
power on the backup battery) notification appliance disable ground
faults short or open circuit trouble condition trouble condition
larm panel system bell activate trouble
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Fire Alarm Systems
2-16
condition
Trouble condition zone devices panel
(trouble condition) "Trouble" indicator Trouble alarm
system(EST) panel reset panel trouble condition Bell
'Trouble-Bell'
Panel's buzzer Panel acknowledge button
Supervisory fire protection system disable panel
supervisory condition fire sprinkler control valve lower
priority initiating device duct smoke detector trigger supervisory
condition system latching non-latching latching panel supervisory
condition panel reset non-latching panel supervisory condition
supervisory condition panel latching non-latching panel reset
AC power AC power indicator panel (Normal)
Panel backup battery building's electrical system AC power
indicator AC power Trouble indicator AC power indicator (building
personnel) (power failure) indicator AC power indicator system
normal condition
DC power DC power (batteries) charged DC power
trouble condition
Highrate LED (unusual power-line conditions.)
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Chapter-2 Conventional and Addressable fire alarm systems
2-17
Conventional or Addressable Fire Alarm Systems?
- conventional fire alarm systems
Addressable fire alarm system
Conventional fire alarm system () addressable system () ()
addressable system
Conventional system radial detection circuit radial detection
circuit sounder circuit Device two-state (on/off) device
Addressable fire alarm system data communications technology
device (monitor) control Circuit detector alarm device (loop or
ring)
Control panel detection device (location text) (zone
information) alarm (type) detection device
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Fire Alarm Systems
2-18
(when and how) alarm output device trigger
detection device (addressing ) complex Automatic Addressing soft
addressing system Device address hard addressing
Detection device analogue technology sensitivity adjust Sensor
variable signal voltage digital number (analysis)
Addressable system (advantage) () (reduced cable requirements
and installation
costs)
() (simple loop based wiring common to all areas and all
devices.)
() (increased flexibility to encompass changes and alterations
without major re-wiring.)
() detector (sounders may be more easily integrated with
detection)
() Conventional system point (displayed point text
identification in the event of alarm rather than just a zone or
area number.)
() (event Log for fault finding and other diagnostic tools.)
FireClass EN 54-13 Approved Addressable System
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Chapter-2 Conventional and Addressable fire alarm systems
2-19
FireClass EN 54-13 Approved Addressable System
Hybrid Fire Alarm System
Conventional device addressable controller interface modules
integrate Hybrid fire alarm system Conventional fire alarm system
addressable fire alarm system addressable conventional system
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Fire Alarm Systems
2-20
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Chapter-2 Conventional and Addressable fire alarm systems
2-21
Conv
entio
nal S
mok
e De
tecto
r-2 W
ire
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Fire Alarm Systems
2-22
FireClass EN 54-13 Approved Addressable System
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Chapter-2 Conventional and Addressable fire alarm systems
2-23
Hybr
id Fir
e Al
arm
Sys
tem
Addressable Fire Alarms vs. Conventional Fire Alarmsthe Bottom
Line
(lay out) FAS single retail store, small restaurant conventional
fire alarm (large buildings or building campuses) addressable fire
alarm
Fire alarm system components
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Fire Alarm Systems
2-24
Component Description Control panel Receives signals and
monitors them. Control panel also provides notifications in
case of danger. Power Supply Provides power supply to the
system. Power supply is located at the same place
as the control panel. Keypad Allows entering the password for
setting or disengaging the device. Zone feature Programmed to react
to emergency situations For example, a zone detecting
heat may respond by activating the sprinkler system within that
zone, leaving all other zones unaffected.
Input devices Includes the smoke and heat detectors. Output
devices Includes audio aspects vocal or Horn.
Fire Alarm System Services (reliability,) fire alarm systems
inspected, tested, and
maintained Service program (periodic testing, inspection, and
maintenance)
() NFPA code requirements
() Local authorities having jurisdiction (AHJs)
() System manufacturers recommended inspection and
() Maintenance requirements
() Required annual fire alarm system testing
Fire Alarm Inspection & Repair
Fire alarm fire system smoke detector fire alarm control panel
Annual fire alarm system inspection component Fire alarm system
manual pull station alert/alarm methods (strobes and horns) smoke
and heat detectors duct detectors annunciator panels main alarm
panel communications sub-panel backup battery
Why Are Fire Alarm System Inspections Important? Fire alarm
inspection
Inspect control panel Verify monitoring connection Inspect
annunciator Test pull stations Test bells
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Chapter-2 Conventional and Addressable fire alarm systems
2-25
Test audible/visual devices Test elevator recall Test door
holders Test duct detectors Test thermal detectors Test tamper
switches Test flow switches Test ground fault detection circuitry
Test for grounded field wiring Load test of standby batteries
Differences between Conventional & Addressable Fire Alarm
Systems () Conventional addressable fire alarm system
() Addressable fire alarm systems (individual detector)
Conventional systems circuits (zones) circuit
() Addressable system (text label identification) - detector 1
Bedroom 1 Bedroom 1 smoke detector activate
() Addressable system (early pre-alarm warning) (responsible
person) alarm
() (environments) addressable system detector alarm
threshold
() Addressable system (wired in a loop) Conventional systems
radial circuits
() Addressable system system (events) (record) real time clock
event log
() addressable system (sophisticated) programming (complicated)
configuration
() Addressable system conventional system % %
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Fire Alarm Systems
2-26
Hybr
id Fir
e Al
arm
Sys
tem
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Chapter-2 Conventional and Addressable fire alarm systems
2-27
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Fire Alarm Systems
2-28
Trouble Conditions Smoke detector circuit (trouble
conditions)
Open Circuit Loop open
circuit (A wire is cut or disconnected at some point in the
loop.) Short Circuit (by pass )
short circuit (A portion of the wiring is effectively bypassed.
Usually due to loose or damaged wires touching each other.)
Ground Fault ground conductor (in contact)
duct conduct (ability to sense problems) supervision
Supervised loop end-of-line resistor(EOL resistor) EOL Resistor
shorted condition
Two-wire Smoke Detector Circuit Smoke detector (power) (2
wires)
detection circuit 2-conductor cable main panel smoke detector
smoke detector EOLR
(in normal operation) alarm panel EOL (sees) (contunity)
connection Detector (senses smoke) (across the pair of wires) short
panel alarm signal
(wire is cut) (pulls loose from a screw terminal) panel EOLR
panel open trouble condition signal panel short alarm detector
(senses smoke)
Four-wire Smoke Detector Circuit ( ) (power)
() detection circuit Main panel loop smoke detector Detection
circuit (2-wire smoke detector ) smoke detect EOL resistor
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Chapter-2 Conventional and Addressable fire alarm systems
2-29
4 wire detection loop 2-wire smoke detector circuit Panel Loop
closed open EOLR (sense ) (signals a trouble condition opens.)
(smoke) (pair of wires) short alarm Loop Open trouble condition
signal
Relay (power) detection loop relay (drop) Detection loop open
panel trouble condition
Fire Wiring Color Code The wire colors mentioned here match the
fire wire shown above.
Out panel output (Out refers to out from the alarm panel) Red =
Positive (+) loop out Black = Negative (-) loop out Blue = Positive
(+) loop return Brown = Negative (-) loop return
() (consistant)
-End-